Agronomic performance of blackberry cultivars in environmental protection area

The demand for blackberry has been increasing due to the results of studies on its nutraceutical properties. Moreover, the rusticity of its plants allows its cultivation with reduced use of pesticides, becoming feasible to grow it in areas of environmental protection (APA). As a non-traditional crop in the country and its requirement in specific climatic conditions, there is a lack of studies about management techniques and the adaptability of cultivars in different regions. Thus, it is necessary to study phenological behavior and fruit quality in potential regions. Therefore, this work aimed to verify the adaptability of blackberry cultivars in environmental protection area in Pinhais – PR (Brazil), with no use of pesticides, as well as to evaluate the quality of the fruits produced under this condition, focusing on the recommendation of the cultivars more adapted and the best destination of fruits produced. For this, the phenological and productive performance of seven blackberry cultivars: Tupy, Guarani, Cherokee, Xavante, Brazos, Choctaw, and Arapaho were observed during the cycles of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Brazos cultivar had the earliest harvest period, Guarani and Xavante cultivars were intermediate and Tupy and Cherokee cultivars were later in the region. The highest yields were obtained with the cultivars Tupy, Guarani, Xavante, Cherokee, and Brazos. The harvest period extended from November to January. Tupy cultivar produces larger fruits and is the most recommended for marketing as fresh fruit. Other cultivars are recommended for industrialization.The demand for blackberry has been increasing due to the results of studies on its nutraceutical properties. Moreover, the rusticity of its plants allows its cultivation with reduced use of pesticides, becoming feasible to grow it in areas of environmental protection (APA). As a non-traditional crop in the country and its requirement in specific climatic conditions, there is a lack of studies about management techniques and the adaptability of cultivars in different regions. Thus, it is necessary to study phenological behavior and fruit quality in potential regions. Therefore, this work aimed to verify the adaptability of blackberry cultivars in environmental protection area in Pinhais – PR (Brazil), with no use of pesticides, as well as to evaluate the quality of the fruits produced under this condition, focusing on the recommendation of the cultivars more adapted and the best destination of fruits produced. For this, the phenological and productive performance of seven blackberry cultivars: Tupy, Guarani, Cherokee, Xavante, Brazos, Choctaw, and Arapaho were observed during the cycles of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Brazos cultivar had the earliest harvest period, Guarani and Xavante cultivars were intermediate and Tupy and Cherokee cultivars were later in the region. The highest yields were obtained with the cultivars Tupy, Guarani, Xavante, Cherokee, and Brazos. The harvest period extended from November to January. Tupy cultivar produces larger fruits and is the most recommended for marketing as fresh fruit. Other cultivars are recommended for industrialization

Dynamic of blueberry buds dormancy in a region of low chill occurrence

Several cultivars of blueberry were introduced in the colder regions in Brazil, but presented varied vegetative and reproductive growth, due to the heterogeneity of adaptation to the regional climate. The objective of this research was to determine the dormancy dynamics of blueberry buds grown in a region of low chill occurrence. Four methods of bud dormancy evaluation were used: biological test of single node cuttings, dormancy index, tetrazolium test and Tabuenca test. The dormancy of floral and vegetative buds of the cultivars Bluebelle, Climax, Delite and Powderblue of the Rabbiteye group was studied in collections every two weeks from April 26 to July 21. In the evaluated period there were only 76 h of temperatures below 7.2° C. The biological test and the dormancy index were viable methods for the dynamic evaluation of buds dormancy. The tetrazolium test was efficient to predict the exit of the endodormancy of floral and vegetative buds, but the Tabuenca test was efficient to predict the exit of floral buds dormancy only for the cultivars of less intense dormancy. The cultivars Bluebelle and Powderblue presented better adaptation to the conditions of low cold occurrence, with well defined installation and overcoming of the dormancy. The cv. Delite is more susceptible to budding heterogeneity and the cv. Climax is the least indicated to the region

Protocolo de micropropagación de mora-verde (Rubus erythroclados) nativa del Brasil

1 recurso en línea (páginas 405-415).This study presents the first micropropagation protocol for greenberry (Rubus erythroclados), a wild Brazilian species with edible green fruits. In the in vitro multiplication stage, three concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) were tested (0, 5 and 10 μM), combined with three concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) (0, 3 and 6 μM) in two subsequent subcultures. In the rooting stage, in and ex vitro rooting were compared after pulse treatment of the microcutting for 10 seconds in IBA (0, 2.46, 4.92 and 7.38 mM). For the in vitro trial, the microcuttings were maintained in glass bottles with an MS medium under controlled conditions inside a growth room. For the ex vitro trial, the microcuttings were planted in styrofoam containers with vermiculite and maintained inside a greenhouse with an intermittent mist system. R. erythroclados multiplication was obtained with the addition of BA to the culture medium, while IBA reduced the shoot proliferation and increased mortality. The ex vitro rooting showed the best results, reaching 95.8% for rooted and acclimatizated plants without IBA. An efficient and simple protocol can be used for R. erythroclados micropropagation with 5 μM BA for in vitro shoot proliferation and ex vitro rooting of microcuttings with intermittent misting.El presente trabajo presenta el primer protocolo de micropropagación de morera verde (Rubus erythroclados), una especie fructífera nativa de Brasil. En la fase de multiplicación in vitro, se probaron tres concentraciones de benziladenina (BA) (0, 5 y 10 μM) combinadas con tres concentraciones de ácido indolbutírico (IBA) (0, 3 y 6 μM) en dos cultivos subsiguientes. En la etapa de enraizamiento, el enraizamiento in y ex vitro fue comparado después del tratamiento de inmersión rápida de las microestacas durante 10 segundos en solución de IBA (0; 2,46; 4,92 y 7,38 mM). Para el experimento in vitro, las microestacas se mantuvieron en recipientes de vidrio con medio de cultivo MS en una sala de crecimiento con condiciones de temperaturas controladas. Para el experimento ex vitro, las microestacas fueron plantadas en bandejas de poliestireno expandido con vermiculita, y se mantuvieron en una casa de vegetación con sistema de nebulización intermitente. La multiplicación de R. erythroclados fue obtenida con la adición de BA en el medio de cultivo, mientras que IBA redujo la emisión de brotes y aumentó la mortalidad de explantes. El enraizamiento ex vitro mostró los mejores resultados, llegando al 95,8% de microestacas enraizadas y aclimatadas sin tratamiento con IBA. Un protocolo simple y eficiente puede ser utilizado para la micropropagación de R. erythroclados con 5 μM de BA para multiplicación in vitro y enraizamiento de microestacas ex vitro en sistema de nebulización intermitente.Bibliografía: páginas 414-41

Multiplicação e enraizamento in vitro da amoreira preta cv. Xavante

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) na multiplicação de brotações e de diferentes meios de cultura no enraizamento in vitro da amoreira-preta cv. Xavante. O primeiro experimento foi constituído por três concentrações de BAP (0, 1 e 5 ?M) em meio de cultura MS. O segundo experimento foi constituído pelo cultivo em meio de cultura com BAP (0, 10 e 20 ?M) por 7 dias, com posterior transferência para meio de cultura isento de reguladores por mais 28 dias. Para o enraizamento in vitro testaram-se quatro meios de cultura (meio MS semissólido; meio MS semissólido com adição de carvão ativado; meio MS líquido com adição de vermiculita; e meio MS líquido com adição de blocos de espuma fenólica). As plantas dos tratamentos de enraizamento in vitro foram submetidas a aclimatização. Concluiu-se que a adição de 5 ?M BAP ao meio de cultura MS é eficaz na multiplicação de brotações da amoreira preta cv. Xavante. Para o enraizamento in vitro recomenda-se o meio de cultura MS líquido com vermiculita. As plantas de amoreira preta cv. Xavante apresentam facilidade para o enraizamento e aclimatização

GERMINAÇÃO DE ESPOROS DE Dicksonia sellowiana E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL SOB DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE SOMBREAMENTO

Dicksonia sellowiana is an endangered native tree fern of Brazil because the trunks have been indiscriminately exploited. The aim of the present study was to obtain some information about the spores germination under control conditions and evaluated the effect of shadow on initial plant growth in the field. Different substrates were tested: sphagnum, “xaxim”, Plantmax HT®, phenolic foam, vermiculite, coconut fibre and brick peaces in greenhouse and growth room. Spores were placed on the wet substrates inside close and transparent boxes. In greenhouse, the sphagnum and “xaxim” showed best spore germination and in growth room, Plantmax HT® showed the highest gametophyte colonization. Spores germination was promoted by shadow. To evaluated the effect of shadow on initial plant growth in the field, the gametophytes formed in vitro were transferred to greenhouse, where formed the sporophytes. The plants were transferred to 53 cm3 tubs and when they showed 5 cm of height, they were transplanted to field under 100%, 50%, 20% and 10% of irradiance. Plants cultivated in the field under 100% of irradiance showed high deadly (40%) at 70 days and after 367 days anyone plant survive. The growth was higher for plants kept under only 20 and 10% of irradiance. It was concluded that the spores germination can be maid on boxes containing Plantmax HT® substrate covered with closed and transparent plastic bags with shadow. Plants of “xaxim” can’t be planted in the field under full irradiance, it is recommended shadow higher than 80%Dicksonia sellowiana é uma samambaia arbórea nativa do Brasil, ameaçada de extinção, devido ao extrativismo indiscriminado do seu tronco. O objetivo desse trabalho foi obter informações sobre a germinação dos esporos em condições controladas e verificar o efeito do sombreamento sobre o crescimento inicial de mudas em campo. Foram testados diferentes substratos: esfagno, xaxim, Plantmax HT®, espuma fenólica, vermiculita, fibra de coco e tijolo moído em condição de casa-de-vegetação e sala climatizada. Esporos foram distribuídos sobre os substratos úmidos em caixas plásticas fechadas e transparentes. Em casa-de-vegetação, esfagno e xaxim foram superiores aos demais e em sala climatizada, Plantmax HT® apresentou a maior área do substrato coberta por gametófitos. A germinação dos esporos foi favorecida pelo sombreamento. Para a avaliação dos níveis de luz no crescimento inicial das mudas em campo, gametófitos formados in vitro foram transferidos para casa-de-vegetação onde ocorreu a formação dos esporófitos. As plantas foram individualizadas em tubetes (53 cm3) e quando apresentaram pelo menos 5 cm de altura foram plantadas em campo sob 100%, 50%, 20% e 10% da radiação solar. As plantas no campo com 100% da radiação solar apresentaram elevada mortalidade (40%) aos 70 dias e após 367 dias nenhuma planta sobreviveu. O crescimento das plantas foi maior com apenas 20 e 10% da radiação solar. Conclui-se que a germinação dos esporos pode ser realizada em substrato Plantmax HT® em bandejas dentro de sacos plásticos transparentes fechados, com sombreamento. O plantio das mudas de xaxim em campo não pode ser realizado a pleno sol, sendo recomendável sombreamento superior a 80%.

Capacidade de enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas e lenhosas de híbridos de videira

This study aimed to analyze the natural rooting potential of grapevine hybrids using hardwood and semi-hardwood cuttings. The evaluated genotypes were grapevine hybrids from the cross between cultivars of the species Vitis labrusca and Vitis rotundifolia, the rootstocks ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘IAC 766’ and ‘VR043-43’, and the cultivar Magnolia of the species V. rotundifolia. The branches used for the experiments were collected in the Fruit Sector of the Experimental Station of Canguiri of UFPR in Pinhais-PR. The hardwood cuttings were prepared 30 cm long and the semi-hardwood cuttings 6 cm long and a whole leaf at the top of the cutting. The cuttings did not receive rooting inducers. In hardwood cuttings, the hybrids IBRE421 and IBBT481 had the highest percentage of rooted cuttings (23.3%). The other hybrids showed very low or zero rooting rates and high rates of dead cuttings, revealing that the hybrids between V. labrusca and V. rotundifolia have great difficulty in forming roots in hardwood cuttings. With semi-hardwood cuttings, the rooting of the hybrids was better, ranging from 42.5 to 60%, similar to the rootstocks ‘Paulsen 1103’ and ‘VR043-43’. ‘IAC 766’ rootstock showed the highest percentage of rooted cuttings (97.5%). The grapevine hybrids, originated from the cross between V. labrusca and V. rotundifolia, have great difficulty in rooting with hardwood cuttings. Semi-hardwood cuttings allow the propagation of hybrids and grapevine rootstocks.Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o potencial natural de enraizamento de híbridos de videira com uso de estaquia lenhosa e semilenhosa. Os genótipos avaliados foram híbridos de videira oriundos do cruzamento entre cultivares das espécies Vitis labrusca e Vitis rotundifolia, os porta-enxertos ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘IAC 766’ e ‘VR043-43’, e a cultivar Magnolia da espécie V. rotundifolia. Os ramos utilizados para os experimentos foram coletados no Setor de Fruticultura da Estação Experimental do Canguiri da UFPR em Pinhais-PR. As estacas lenhosas foram preparadas com 30 cm de comprimento e as estacas semilenhosas com 6 cm de comprimento e uma folha inteira na parte superior da estaca. As estacas não receberam indutores de enraizamento. Na estaquia lenhosa os híbridos IBRE421 e IBBT481 apresentaram as maiores porcentagem de estacas enraizadas (23,3%). Os demais híbridos apresentaram taxas muito baixas ou nulas de enraizamento e elevadas taxas de estacas mortas, revelando que os híbridos entre V. labrusca e V. rotundifolia possuem grande dificuldade para a formação de raízes em estacas lenhosas. Com estacas semilenhosas, o enraizamento dos híbridos foi melhor, variando entre 42,5 a 60%, semelhante aos porta-enxertos ‘Paulsen 1103’ e ‘VR043-43’. O porta-enxerto ‘IAC 766’ apresentou a maior porcentagem de estacas enraizadas (97,5%). Os híbridos de videira, originados do cruzamento entre V. labrusca e V. rotundifolia, apresentam grande dificuldade de enraizamento por estacas lenhosas. A estaquia semilenhosa permite a propagação dos híbridos e porta-enxertos de videira

MATURAÇÃO DOS FRUTOS DE QUATRO CULTIVARES DE UVAS MUSCADÍNIAS EM PINHAIS, PR

The objective of this work was to evaluate fruit maturation of four muscatine grape cultivars to determine the harvest date for these cultivars. The experiment was performed from March to April 2007 at the Fruit Crop Section of the Canguiri Experimental Station, Federal University of Parana, in Pinhais, PR, Brazil. Grape berry maturation of two white (Dixie and Roanoke) and two red (Bontiful and Regale) muscadine cultivars were monitored from veraison to ripe berry. Five replications of five randomly selected clusters from each cultivar were collected once a week, for seven weeks. The analyzed variables were soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity (TA) and SS/TA ratio. Dixie presented the highest SS, pH and SS/TA ratio and the lowest TA of the four tested cultivars during the whole maturation process. The red cultivars presented lower SS/TA ratio than the white ones. Dixie and Bontiful were the most precocious cultivars, reaching the harvest point 215 days after bud break. Regale and Roanoke could be harvested at end of April, 229 days after bud break.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a evolução da maturação dos frutos de quatro cultivares de uvas muscadínias para determinar o ponto ideal de colheita. O trabalho foi realizado durante o período de março a abril de 2007, com duas cultivares brancas (Dixie e Roanoke) e duas cultivares tintas (Bontiful e Regale) do setor de Fruticultura da Estação Experimental Cangüiri, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, em Pinhais (PR), Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, formadas por cinco cachos cada. Os cachos foram coletados semanalmente a partir do início da maturação totalizando sete avaliações. As variáveis analisadas foram teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), pH, acidez titulável (AT) e relação SS/AT. Verificou-se que a cultivar Dixie apresentou o maior teor de sólidos solúveis, maior pH, maior relação SS/AT e menor acidez durante a maturação dos frutos. As cultivares tintas apresentaram menor relação SS/AT do que as brancas. As cultivares Dixie e Bontiful foram mais precoces, sendo indicada a colheita 215 dias após a brotação e as cultivares Regale e Roanoke podem ser colhidas no final do mês de abril, com 229 dias após a brotação

Efeito das folhas no enraizamento de estacas de alfavaca-cravo e alfavaca-anis

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the presence of leaves on rooting of basil (O. gratissimum L.) and anis (O. selloi Benth.) cuttings. Ten-cm-long cuttings from the median region of branches were prepared through bevel cut in the base and right cut above the last axillary bud. The treatments consisted of cuttings with a pair of leaves, a pair of half leaves and non-leaves. Plastic trays containing commercial substrate were used in the planting. The cuttings were kept in a greenhouse under intermittent nebulisation and, at 45 days after planting, the following variables were evaluated: percentage of rooting, root number per cutting, mortality rate of the cuttings, the percentage of live cuttings without roots and percentage shoots. For both basil and anis for the best rooting results, it was found keeping a pair of leaves on the cuttings cut either in half or not. The absence of leaves drastically reduced the percentage of rooted cuttings of basil with high mortality of the cuttings (30%).O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da presença de folhas nas estacas de alfavaca-cravo (O. gratissimum L.) e alfavacaanis (O. selloi Benth.). Estacas da região mediana dos ramos foram confeccionadas com 10 cm de comprimento, cortadas em bisel na base e reto acima da última gema axilar. Os tratamentos consistiram em estacas com um par de folhas, um par de folhas cortadas ao meio e ausência de folhas. Para o plantio foram utilizados tubetes plásticos contendo substrato comercial. As estacas foram mantidas em casa de vegetação com nebulização intermitente e após 45 dias do plantio, foram avaliadas as variáveis: porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, número de raízes por estaca, porcentagem de mortalidade das estacas, porcentagem de estacas vivas não enraizadas e porcentagem de brotações. Tanto para alfavaca-cravo quanto para alfavaca-anis os melhores resultados de enraizamento foram encontrados mantendo-se um par de folhas nas estacas cortadas ao meio ou não. A ausência de folhas reduziu drasticamente a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas de alfavaca-cravo, apresentando alta mortalidade das estacas (30%)