Fermentation kinetics and in vitro degradation of three native creeping legumes of the municipality of Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la cinética de fermentación y la degradación in vitro de tres leguminosas nativas del municipio de Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero. Los sustratos fueron vainas, hojas y planta completa de centrosema (Centrosema plumiere), frijolillo (Phaseolus lunatus var. silvester) y frijolillo-tamarindo (Phaseolus lunatus). Los biodigestores contenían 0.5 g de un sustrato y 50 ml de medio de cultivo. Los biodigestores se incubaron en baño maría a 39 °C por 72 h. La producción de gas se midió a las 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 y 72 h. La producción de gas se usó para obtener los parámetros volumen máximo (Vm), tasa de producción de gas (S) y tiempo lag (λ). La degradación de la materia seca (DEGMS) y degradación de la fibra detergente neutra (DEGFDN) se determinaron por diferencia de peso. El análisis estadístico fue un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3x3. La vaina de centrosema produjo el mayor Vm, la hoja de centrosema y vaina de frijolillo-tamarindo la mayor S, la hoja, planta y vaina de centrosema el menor λ, la vaina de centrosema la mayor DEGMS y DEGFDN. La hoja de centrosema presentó mayor Vm y S, así como menor λ que las hojas de frijolillo y frijolillo-tamarindo. La vaina de centrosema mostró mayor Vm, DEGMS y DEGFDN; además, menor λ que las vainas de frijolillo y frijolillo-tamarindo (pThe objective was to evaluate the fermentation kinetics and the in vitro degradation of the physiological parts of three native legumes of the municipality of Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero. The substrates were pods, leaves and complete plant of centrosema (Centrosema plumiere), bean (Phaseolus lunatus var. silvester) and bean-tamarind (Phaseolus lunatus). The biodigestor contained 0.5 g of a substrate and 50 ml of culture medium. The biodigestor were incubated in a water bath at 39 °C for 72 h. Gas production was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The gas production was used to obtain the parameters maximum volume (mV), rate of gas production (S) and time lag (λ). Dry matter degradation (DEGDM) and degradation of the neutral detergent fibre (DEGNDF) were determined by weight difference. The statistical analysis was a completely randomized design within a 3x3 factorial arrangement. The centrosema pod produced the higher mV, the centroid leaf and bean-tamarind pod the higher S, the leaf, plant and pod of centrosema the less λ, the pod of centrosema the higher DEGDM and DEGNDF. The centrosema leaf presented higher mV and S and less λ than the leaves of bean and bean-tamarind. The centroid sheath showed higher mV, DEGDM and DEGNDF and less λ than the bean and bean-tamarind pods (p<0.05). It is concluded that the evaluated components of the native creeping legume Centrosema plumiere presented better nutritional response in the in vitro evaluation than the other legumes

Primer reporte de Neospora caninum en el ganado bovino de la Costa Chica de Guerrero, México

Objetive: Determine the seropresevalence of N. caninum in multiparous cows with a history of abortions or those with an intergestation interval greater than one year in the municipalities of Cuajinicuilpa and Ometepec, Guerrero. Design/methodology/approach: blood samples were collected from 13 cows and two dogs in the municipalities of Cuajinicuilpa and eight cows and seven dogs in the municipalities of Ometepec. Detection of antibodies against N. caninum was done with an indirect ELISA kit. Results:  A total of 21 cows and nine dogs were sampled in the two municipalities. In Cuajinicuilapa six cows (28.6%) and 2 dogs (32%) were positive, while in Ometepec, two cows (9.5%) and two dogs (32%) were positive for N. caninum. Most of the positive dogs were in contact with positive cows and had free access to different ranches, making them migratory vectors. Limitations/implications: this is the first published record of this parasite in cattle and dogs in Guerrero and allows explaining the cause of abortion or long intervals between deliveries in apparently healthy cows. Conclusions: Overall, 38% of the sampled cows and 64% of the sampled dogs had antibodies against N. caninum, confirming that this parasite is present in two municipalities of the Guerrero state, Mexico.Objetivo: Determinar la seroprevalencia de Neospora caninum en los municipios de Cuajinicuilpa y Ometepec, en la Costa Chica de Guerrero, en vacas multíparas con historial de abortos o no gestantes por un período mayor a un año. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: se tomaron muestras de sangre de 13 vacas y dos perros en el municipio de Cuajinicuilapa y ocho vacas y siete perros en el municipio de Ometepec. Se empleó el kit para ELISA ID Screen Neospora caninum Indirect para detectar anticuerpos contra Neospora caninum. Resultados: Un total de 21 vacas y nueve perros fueron muestreados en los dos municipios. Se encontraron seis vacas (28.6%) y dos perros (32%) resultaron positivos a N. caninum en el municipio de Cuajinicuilapa. En el caso del municipio de Ometepec dos vacas (9.5%) y 2 perros (32%) presentaron anticuerpos en contra de N. caninum. La mayoría de los perros positivos a N. caninum pertenecían a los trabajadores eventuales de los ranchos, permitiendo que estos animales tuvieran libre acceso a diferentes unidades de producción, convirtiéndose en vectores migratorios. Limitaciones/implicaciones: este es el primer reporte de la presencia de N. caninum en Guerrero, permitiendo explicar, parcialmente, la causa de abortos o largos intervalos entre partos en vacas aparentemente sanas. Conclusión: El 38% del total de vacas muestreadas y 64% de los perros presentaron anticuerpos contra N. caninum, confirmando la presencia de éste parásito en dos municipios del estado de Guerrero, México

Frequency of European and African-derived morphotypes and haplotypes in colonies of honey bees (Apis mellifera) from NW Mexico

Africanized honey bees (AHBs Apis mellifera) have been reported in NW Mexico since the mid 90s, but no study on the process of admixture with local European honey bees has been conducted. Morphometrics and haplotype analyses were used to investigate the frequency of African markers in honey bees from Sonora (SON), the north and south of Baja California (BCN and BCS). Morphometrics identified 42% of the samples from SON, 44% from BCN and 15% of BCS as Africanized. Honey bees from BCS had larger body size and formed a separate cluster from BCN and SON which were similar to each other. The molecular analysis revealed a higher frequency of African-derived haplotypes in SON (48%) and BCN (50%) compared to BCS (21%). The morphometric and molecular evidence suggests that the colonization of BCS by AHBs may be recent. Nest and food availability in desert areas and beekeeping practices are evoked to explain the reduced introgression of African genes into honey bee populations from this region of Mexico

Where Brain, Body and World Collide

The production cross section of electrons from semileptonic decays of beauty hadrons was measured at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.8) in the transverse momentum range 1 < pt < 8 Gev/c with the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC in pp collisions at a center of mass energy sqrt{s} = 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 2.2 nb^{-1}. Electrons from beauty hadron decays were selected based on the displacement of the decay vertex from the collision vertex. A perturbative QCD calculation agrees with the measurement within uncertainties. The data were extrapolated to the full phase space to determine the total cross section for the production of beauty quark-antiquark pairs

Heavy flavour decay muon production at forward rapidity in proton–proton collisions at √s=7 TeV

The production of muons from heavy flavour decays is measured at forward rapidity in proton–proton collisions at √s=7 TeV collected with the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The analysis is carried out on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity Lint=16.5 nb−1. The transverse momentum and rapidity differential production cross sections of muons from heavy flavour decays are measured in the rapidity range 2.5<y<4, over the transverse momentum range 2<pt<12 GeV/c. The results are compared to predictions based on perturbative QCD calculations

Coherent J/ψ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

The ALICE Collaboration has made the first measurement at the LHC of J/ψ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV. The J/ψ is identified via its dimuon decay in the forward rapidity region with the muon spectrometer for events where the hadronic activity is required to be minimal. The analysis is based on an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 55 μb−1. The cross section for coherent J/ψ production in the rapidity interval −3.6<y<−2.6 is measured to be dσJ/ψcoh/dy=1.00±0.18(stat)−0.26+0.24(syst) mb. The result is compared to theoretical models for coherent J/ψ production and found to be in good agreement with those models which include nuclear gluon shadowing

Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.7Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation from LisbonSwiss Fonds Kidagan, ArmeniaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)Chinese Ministry of Education (CMOE)Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MSTC)Ministry of Education and Youth of the Czech RepublicDanish Natural Science Research CouncilCarlsberg FoundationDanish National Research FoundationEuropean Research Council under European CommunityHelsinki Institute of PhysicsAcademy of FinlandFrench CNRS-IN2P3Region Pays de LoireRegion AlsaceRegion AuvergneCEA, FranceGerman BMBFHelmholtz AssociationGeneral Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Development, GreeceHungarian OTKANational Office for Research and Technology (NKTH)Department of Atomic EnergyDepartment of Science and Technology of the Government of IndiaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) of ItalyMEXT, JapanJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaNational Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)CONACYTDGAPA, MexicoALFA-ECHELEN Program (High-Energy physics Latin-American-European Network)Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM)Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), NetherlandsResearch Council of Norway (NFR)Polish Ministry of Science and Higher EducationNational Authority for Scientific Research - NASR (Autoritatea Nationala pentru Cercetare Stiintifica - ANCS)Federal Agency of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian FederationInternational Science and Technology Center, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federal Agency of Atomic EnergyRussian Federal Agency for Science and InnovationsCERN-INTASMinistry of Education of SlovakiaDepartment of Science and Technology, South AfricaCIEMATEELAMinisterio de Educacion y Ciencia of SpainXunta de Galicia (Conselleria de Educacion)CEADENCubaenergia, CubaIAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)Swedish Reseach Council (VR)Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW)Ukraine Ministry of Education and ScienceUnited Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)The United States Department of EnergyUnited States National Science FoundationState of TexasState of OhioFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq