‘We ate bread and salt together’: communal cooking and eating as a model for developing trust between hosts and asylum seekers in London, UK

This paper explores the ways in which communal cooking and eating can offer an environment in which trust can be built between asylum seekers and host nationals. The pervasive culture of generalised mistrust towards refugees and asylum seekers that currently exists in the UK compels us to find ways in which trust can be (re)built. Trust is conceptualised as a two-part journey that begins from a starting point of a ‘posture of mistrust’ that is transformed into one of trust. This posture then lays the foundation for an ‘assessment of trustworthiness’ that can lead to a reciprocal trust relationship. These two stages represent two broad approaches to trust in the literature. First, that of trust as a pre-conscious, emotionally-driven, largely intuitive process and, second, that of trust as a cognitive, information driven, deliberate decision. Features of cooking and eating together were identified in the literature, mapped onto the components that have been identified in the literature as being necessary for trust, and explored in interviews and observations across several communal cook-and-eat events in London, UK. The offerings of communal cooking and eating include social contact, routine, normality, physical and emotional safety and a sense of home. Meals are also explored as a means to reclaim autonomy and personal and cultural identity in a universally acceptable context, in addition to having the power to evoke strong memories. In exploring the overlaps between trust and food, this paper concludes that communal cooking and eating can offer a rich sensory and social environment in which trusting relationships can form between asylum seekers and host nationals. In addition, it is proposed that shared meals offer a simple, accessible and culturally-appropriate context in which trust can be fostered between asylum seekers and those conducting research with them

Differences between homeless and non-homeless people in a matched sample referred for mental health reasons in police custody

Introduction: Homelessness has risen across high-income countries in the last decade, and in the United Kingdom, there has been a drastic increase in people living on the streets. Due to these increases, policy responses from public services are required to address the needs of this group. The risk factors for homelessness and conditions that this group live in mean they are at elevated risk of both mental health problems and contact with the criminal justice system. Despite this, there is little previous research on the homeless in police custody. Methods: Our study used a matched sample of homeless (n = 77) and non-homeless (n = 77) individuals to examine whether there were different needs across this group and whether the responses of a criminal justice mental health service differ for this group. This study is a secondary data analysis of a more extensive study. Results: Homeless and non-homeless detainees referred to the mental health service were broadly similar. However, differences in some variables show that homeless detainees had higher rates and frequency of substance misuse as well as some suggestion of more acute immediate need. Onward referrals were lower for homeless people, and it is not clear why this is the case. In addition, for those referred contact with services over time was reduced compared to the non-homeless group. Discussion: Our findings indicate that mental health services in police custody may need adaptations to ensure homeless individuals’ higher level of need is addressed and that they receive appropriate care both during and after detention. Further quantitative and qualitative research is needed to confirm why responses differ and to assess what can be done to address this issue

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

The mental health of foreign national prisoners

Foreign national prisoners include people who are subject to criminal proceedings and have been deprived of their liberty in a state in which they are neither a national nor a resident. In the United Kingdom, they constitute approximately 10,000 individuals and represent around 12% of the total prison population. Significant health disparity exists within the general prison population compared to society at large and foreign national prisoners suffer even higher rates of both physical and mental health disorders. The impact of detention; extradition, deportation and administrative removal legislation; and mental health service provision for foreign national prisoners is discussed. The right to health encompasses access to appropriate healthcare independent of legal status and like all human rights, extends to foreign national prisoners. Change is required and the provision of equivalent care for foreign national prisoners requires global attention

Solar-like oscillations and ellipsoidal variations in TESS observations of the binary 12 Bootis

Binary stars in which oscillations can be studied in either or both components can provide powerful constraints on our understanding of stellar physics. The bright binary 12 Bootis (12 Boo) is a particularly promising system because the primary is roughly 60 per cent brighter than the secondary despite being only a few per cent more massive. Both stars have substantial surface convection zones and are therefore, presumably, solar-like oscillators. We report here the first detection of solar-like oscillations and ellipsoidal variations in the TESS light curve of 12 Boo. Though the solar-like oscillations are not clear enough to unambiguously measure individual mode frequencies, we combine global asteroseismic parameters and a precise fit to the spectral energy distribution (SED) to provide new constraints on the properties of the system that are several times more precise than values in the literature. The SED fit alone provides new effective temperatures, luminosities, and radii of 6115 +/- 45 K, 7.531 +/- 0.110 L-circle dot, and 2.450 +/- 0.045 R-circle dot for 12 Boo A and 6200 +/- 60 K, 4.692 +/- 0.095 L-circle dot, and 1.901 +/- 0.045 R-circle dot for 12 Boo B. When combined with our asteroseismic constraints on 12 Boo A, we obtain an age of 2.67(-0.16)(+0.12) Gyr, which is consistent with that of 12 Boo B.UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/R0023297/1]; ERC Consolidator Grant funding scheme (project ASTEROCHRONOMETRY) [772293]; PLATO grant; GOLF CNES grant; grant FPI-SO from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [SEV-2015-0548-17-2, BES-2017-082610]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) [RYC-2015-17697, PID2019-107187GB-I00]; AEI under the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence Programme 2020-2023 [CEX2019000920-S]; TESS GI Program under NASA [80NSSC18K1585, 80NSSC19K0385]; Max Planck Society; Erciyes University Scientific Research Coordination Unit [DOSAP MAP-2020-9749]; NASA Explorer ProgramWHB and WJC thank the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) for support under grant ST/R0023297/1. AM acknowledges support from the ERC Consolidator Grant funding scheme (project ASTEROCHRONOMETRY, https://www.asteroch ronometry.eu, G.A. n. 772293). RAG acknowledges the support from PLATO and GOLF CNES grants. LGC thanks the support from grant FPI-SO from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (research project SEV-2015-0548-17-2 and predoctoral contract BES-2017-082610). SM acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) with the Ram ' on y Cajal fellowship no. RYC-2015-17697 and grant no. PID2019-107187GB-I00, and through AEI under the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence Programme 2020-2023 (CEX2019000920-S). DLB acknowledges support from the TESS GI Program under NASA awards 80NSSC18K1585 and 80NSSC19K0385. JC is supported by a grant from the Max Planck Society to prepare for the scientific exploitation of the PLATO mission. CK is supported by Erciyes University Scientific Research Coordination Unit under grant number DOSAP MAP-2020-9749.; This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program.; This work has used data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement

Robust asteroseismic properties of the bright planet host HD 38529

Deal, Morgan/0000-0001-6774-3587; Celik Orhan, Zeynep/0000-0002-9424-2339; Santos, Angela/0000-0001-7195-6542; Ball, Warrick/0000-0002-4773-1017; Lysgaard Rorsted, Jakob/0000-0001-9234-430X; Cunha, Margarida/0000-0001-8237-7343; Huber, Daniel/0000-0001-8832-4488; Stokholm, Amalie/0000-0002-5496-365X; Basu, Sarbani/0000-0002-6163-3472; Ong, Joel/0000-0001-7664-648XWOS:000599131700104The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is recording short-cadence, high duty-cycle timeseries across most of the sky, which presents the opportunity to detect and study oscillations in interesting stars, in particular planet hosts. We have detected and analysed solar-like oscillations in the bright G4 subgiant HD 38529, which hosts an inner, roughly Jupiter-mass planet on a 14.3d orbit and an outer, low-mass brown dwarf on a 2136 d orbit. We combine results frommultiple stellarmodelling teams to produce robust asteroseismic estimates of the star's properties, including its mass M = 1.48 +/- 0.04 M-circle dot, radius R = 2.68 +/- 0.03 R-circle dot, and age t = 3.07 +/- 0.39 Gyr. Our results confirm that HD 38529 has a mass near the higher end of the range that can be found in the literature and also demonstrate that precise stellar properties can be measured given shorter timeseries than produced by CoRoT, Kepler, or K2.UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/R0023297/1]; Danish National Research FoundationDanmarks Grundforskningsfond [DNRF106]; grant FPI-SO from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [SEV-2015-0548-17-2, BES-2017-082610]; Spanish Ministry with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship [RYC-2015-17697]; NASANational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NNX17AF27G, NNX16AI09G, 80NSSC19K0374]; TESS GI Program under NASA [80NSSC18K1585, 80NSSC19K0385]; Carlsberg FoundationCarlsberg Foundation [CF19-0649]; Independent Research Fund Denmark [7027-00096B]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation at the Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik; national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT); FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) [UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-AST/30389/2017]; Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) through COMPETE2020: Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao [POCI01-0145-FEDER-030389]; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions grant [792848]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK:118F352]; NASA Explorer ProgramNational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); PLATO-CNES grantWHB, WJC, and MBN thank the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) for support under grant ST/R0023297/1. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF106). LGC thanks the support from grant FPI-SO from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO; research project SEV-2015-0548-17-2 and predoctoral contract BES-2017-082610). SM acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697. ARGS acknowledges the support from NASA under grant NNX17AF27G. RAG acknowledges the support of the PLATO-CNES grant. DLB acknowledges support from the TESS GI Program under NASA awards 80NSSC18K1585 and 80NSSC19K0385. JRM acknowledges support from the Carlsberg Foundation (grant CF19-0649). VSA acknowledges support from the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Research grant 7027-00096B). BN acknowledges postdoctoral funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation taken at the Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik. MSC and MD are supported in the form of work contracts funded by national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT). MSC and MD acknowledge support by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) by grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, and PTDC/FIS-AST/30389/2017 and by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) through COMPETE2020: Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao by grant POCI01-0145-FEDER-030389. TC acknowledges support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions grant 792848 (PULSATION). SB acknowledges NASA grants NNX16AI09G and 80NSSC19K0374. ZCO, MY, and SO acknowledge the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK:118F352) This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. Calculations in this paper had used the University of Birmingham's BlueBEAR High-Performance Computing service.1</SUP

Solar-like oscillations and ellipsoidal variations in TESS observations of the binary 12 Boötis

Binary stars in which oscillations can be studied in either or bothcomponents can provide powerful constraints on our understanding of stellarphysics. The bright binary 12 Bo\"otis (12 Boo) is a particularly promisingsystem because the primary is roughly 60 per cent brighter than the secondarydespite being only a few per cent more massive. Both stars have substantialsurface convection zones and are therefore, presumably, solar-like oscillators.We report here the first detection of solar-like oscillations and ellipsoidalvariations in the TESS light curve of 12 Boo. Though the solar-likeoscillations are not clear enough to unambiguously measure individual modefrequencies, we combine global asteroseismic parameters and a precise fit tothe spectral energy distribution (SED) to provide new constraints on theproperties of the system that are several times more precise than values in theliterature. The SED fit alone provides new effective temperatures, luminositiesand radii of $6115\pm45\,\mathrm{K}$, $7.531\pm0.110\,\mathrm{L}_\odot$ and$2.450\pm0.045\,\mathrm{R}_\odot$ for 12 Boo A and $6200\pm60\,\mathrm{K}$,$4.692\pm0.095\,\mathrm{L}_\odot$ and $1.901\pm0.045\,\mathrm{R}_\odot$ for 12Boo B. When combined with our asteroseismic constraints on 12 Boo A, we obtainan age of $2.67^{+0.12}_{-0.16}\,\mathrm{Gyr}$, which is consistent with thatof 12 Boo B