Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic indirect determination of total 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters in canned fish oil fraction

A novel, fast, and cost-effective indirect enzymatic method was successfully developed to assess the total 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in canned food's oil fraction by the action of Burkholderia cepacia lipase. The total 3-MCPD were derivatized with n-Heptafluorobutyrylimidazole (HFBI) for GC–MS analysis during dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME). An asymmetrical 2213//8 screening design was used to study the influence of critical factors on the method's effectiveness. The analytical features of the proposed method were assessed following Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines using extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as a blank sample. Outstanding results were achieved in terms of linearity (r2 = 0.9995), sensitivity, precision (2.1 % to 10.4 % RSD), and accuracy (98.7 % ≤ recovery ≤ 101.9 %). Method efficacy was tested by comparing the results of 10 edible oils for total 3-MCPD with those reported in previous works. A total of 41 samples were analyzed. The lowest 3-MCPD content was found in samples of albacore canned in EVOO oil, while the highest amounts were found in albacore, mackerel, and Atlantic saury samples, all preserved in refined sunflower oilThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (Project RTI2018‐096450‐B‐I00) and FEDER fundsS

Química Analítica : materiales docentes : grado de Ingeniería Química, 2º curso

El capítulo 1 está dedicado al proceso analítico y a las propiedades analíticas que afectan a la calidad del resultado y del procedimiento de análisis químico. El capítulo 2 describe el muestreo y diferentes procesos de preparación de muestra. El capítulo 3 trata de los diferentes métodos volumétricos de análisis, incluyendo las valoraciones ácido-base, de formación de complejos, en medio heterogéneo y de oxidaciónreducción. Los tres capítulos siguientes están relacionados con los métodos espectroscópicos. El capítulo 4 es un tema de introducción a los métodos instrumentales en el que se describen los métodos de calibración, las fuentes de ruido y las características, especificaciones y clasificación de los analizadores de procesos y incluyendo el analizador continuo de flujo no segmentado. El capítulo 5 describe los métodos espectroscópicos en UV-Visible e IR, sus principios básicos, IV Prólogo componentes, función y requerimientos. El capítulo 6 está dedicado a los métodos espectroscópicos de análisis molecular, fundamento, aplicaciones y manejo de instrumentos. En el capítulo 7 se describe las características generales y aplicaciones de las técnicas de espectroscopía atómica o elemental. El capítulo 8 se dedica a las generalidades de la cromatografía, incluyendo el fundamento y aplicaciones de la cromatografía de gases y la detección por espectrometría de masas. El capítulo 9 describe los aspectos básicos e instrumentación de la cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución y su acoplamiento a espectrometría de masas. Finalmente, en el capítulo 10 se describe el fundamento clasificación y aplicaciones de los sensores electroanalíticos.En el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), cobra especial relevancia el impacto de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs) con posibilidades tanto para la elaboración del conocimento como para su adquisición y transmisión, mediante métodos pedagógicos más innovadores, adcesibles e interactivos que se adapten a los diferentes tipos de estudiantes. El acceso a las redes de la información dotan al docente y al alumnado de poderosas herramientas que abren un gran abanico de posibilidades metodológicas. Siguiendo esta línea, el ámbito de aplicación de este material docente corresponde a la materia de enseñanza-aprendizaje de “Química Analítica” de segundo curso (primer semestre) de la titulación de Grado en Ingeniería Química impartida en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería (ETSE) de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela

Development of a QuEChERS method for simultaneous analysis of 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol monoesters and Glycidyl esters in edible oils and margarine by LC-APCI-MS/MS

A simple, fast and effective direct method based on HPLC-APCI-QqQ-MS/MS has been developed to simultaneously determine four 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol monoesters (3-MCPDE) esterified with palmitic, linoleic, stearic, and oleic acid, and two glycidyl esters (GE) with palmitic and oleic acid in margarine and olive oil using a QuEChERS approach. Factors affecting the efficiency of the extraction process were assessed, including type and amount of salt, extraction solvent, test portion amount, and clean-up sorbent. The analytical method was validated according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines using matrix-matched calibration with internal standards and showed good results in terms of linearity (r2 > 0.9992), accuracy (80<Recovery<120%), and precision (RSD<15%). The method was successfully applied for the first time to 11 margarine samples for simultaneous analysis of 3-MCPDE and GEThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (Project RTI2018‐096450‐B‐I00) and FEDER fundsS

Determination of synthetic opioids in oral fluid samples using fabric phase sorptive extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

New psychoactive substances (NPS) continue to emerge in the drug market every year, becoming a global threat to public health and safety. These compounds are mostly synthetic cannabinoids and designer cathinones. However, synthetic opioids have appeared on the recreational drug markets in recent years, particularly fentanyl and its derivatives (“fentanyls”). Fentanyl and its analogs are related to harmful intoxications and an increase in opioid-related mortality in many countries, such as in the United States and Europe in the last years. Taking the drug related global crisis into consideration, this work developed and validated an effective and sensitive method based on fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the simultaneous determination of 11 fentanyl analogs in oral fluid samples. The extraction was carried out using a sol-gel Carbowax 20 M sorbent immobilized on 100% cellulose fabric substrate and using ethyl acetate as the desorption solvent. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranged from 1 to 15 ng mL−1 and 5 to 50 ng mL−1, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision were found within 8.2% and 8.6%, respectively, while accuracy ranged from -5.5 to 9.1%, in accordance with the established criteria. The absolute recovery values were in the range of 94.5%–109.1%. The validated method demonstrated its great potential to detect and quantify fentanyl analogs in possible forensic work and off-site analysis in road traffic casesThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (Project RTI2018‐096450‐B‐I00) and FEDER fundsS

Diseño de un servicio de nutrición en una farmacia comunitaria de Sevilla (España) y análisis descriptivo de los resultados del primer año

Introducción: Un alto porcentaje de pacientes registrados en la base de datos de la farmacia mostraron sobrepeso asociado a malas prácticas alimentarias. Por ello, nos propusimos instaurar un servicio de nutrición para contribuir a mejorar sus hábitos nutricionales.Material y métodos: Durante noviembre-diciembre 2014, se impartieron charlas explicativas y se publicitó el servicio entre los usuarios. En enero de 2015 se inauguró la consulta. Con los datos registrados durante el primer año, a través de entrevistas personalizadas, se realizó un estudio observacional-descriptivo y longitudinal, analizando los hábitos alimentarios del paciente, sus parámetros antropométricos: índice de masa corporal (IMC) y perímetro de la cintura (PC) y clínicos: presión arterial (PA), así como su evolución en controles sucesivos.Resultados: La muestra (n=77, 25-64 años), 66 mujeres (85,7%) y 11 varones (14,3%), presentaba un IMC=33,2±5,6 kg/m2 y un PC=97,2±13,9 cm. El 24,1% mostró sobrepeso, el 57,5% algún tipo de obesidad (I o II) y el 11,5% obesidad mórbida (IMC&gt;40). Ansiedad, estreñimiento y enfermedades del tiroides predominaron entre las mujeres (56,6%, 38,2% y 19,7%) y la HTA en los varones (54,5%  p&lt;0,05); no hubo diferencia en el porcentaje de dislipémicos (27,3% y 27,6%), diabéticos (9,1% y 6,6%) ni fumadores (18,2% y 15,8%), pero sí entre los consumidores de bebidas alcohólicas (63,6% hombres y 36,8% mujeres, p&lt;0,05). Una mayoría de entrevistados reconocieron no realizar ejercicio físico.Se registraron 8,6±5,5 visitas/paciente consiguiéndose una pérdida de 4,5±3,8 kg de peso, 1,7±1,5 kg/m2 de IMC (p&lt;0,05) y 4,8±3,8 cm de PC (p&lt;0.05). El 71,4% de ellos alcanzaron los objetivos de peso propuestos. Algunos aceptaron adherirse a otros servicios de la farmacia: seguimiento farmacoterapéutico (SFT) (5%) y prevención de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) (6%).Conclusiones: Después de un año, el servicio está claramente instaurado, ha beneficiado a gran parte de sus usuarios y ha permitido algunas derivaciones a otros servicios farmacéuticos

Impact of oxy-fuel combustion gases on mercury retention in activated carbons from a macroalgae waste: Effect of water

The aim of this study is to understand the different sorption behaviors of mercury species on activated carbons in the oxy-fuel combustion of coal and the effect of high quantities of water vapor on the retention process. The work evaluates the interactions between the mercury species and a series of activated carbons prepared from a macroalgae waste (algae meal) from the agar–agar industry in oxy-combustion atmospheres, focussing on the role that the high concentration of water in the flue gases plays in mercury retention. Two novel aspects are considered in this work (i) the impact of oxy-combustion gases on the retention of mercury by activated carbons and (ii) the performance of activated carbons prepared from biomass algae wastes for this application. The results obtained at laboratory scale indicate that the effect of the chemical and textural characteristics of the activated carbons on mercury capture is not as important as that of reactive gases, such as the SOx and water vapor present in the flue gas. Mercury retention was found to be much lower in the oxy-combustion atmosphere than in the O2 + N2 (12.6% O2) atmosphere. However, the oxidation of elemental mercury (Hg0) to form oxidized mercury (Hg2+) amounted to 60%, resulting in an enhancement of mercury retention in the flue gas desulfurization units and a reduction in the amalgamation of Hg0 in the CO2 compression unit. This result is of considerable importance for the development of technologies based on activated carbon sorbents for mercury control in oxy-combustion processes.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Research Program under the project CTM2011–22921 and the Program FEDER of the Principado de Asturias 2007–2013 under the Project PC10-40.Peer reviewe

Outcomes and prognostic factors of adults with refractory or relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia included in measurable residual disease-oriented trials

Despite high complete remission (CR) rates with frontline therapy, relapses are frequent in adults with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with limited salvage options. We analyzed the outcomes and prognostic factors for CR to salvage therapy and overall survival (OS) of patients with R/R T-ALL included in two prospective measurable residual disease-oriented trials. Seventy-five patients (70 relapsed, 5 refractory) were identified. Relapses occurred in bone marrow, isolated or combined in 50 patients, and in the central nervous system (CNS; isolated or combined) in 20. Second CR was attained in 30/75 patients (40%). Treatment with FLAG-Ida and isolated CNS relapse were independently associated with a higher CR rate after first salvage therapy. The median OS was 6.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9–8.6) months, with a 4-year OS probability of 18% (95% CI, 9%–27%). No differences in survival were observed according to the treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients in CR after first salvage therapy. Multivariable analysis showed a ≥12-month interval between first CR and relapse, CR after first salvage therapy and isolated CNS relapse as favorable prognostic factors for OS with hazard ratios (HR) (95% CI) of 1.931 (1.109–3.362), 2.958 (1.640–5.334), and 2.976 (1.157–7.655), respectively. This study confirms the poor outcomes of adults with R/R T-ALL among whom FLAG-Ida was the best of the rescue therapies evaluated. Late relapse, CR after first rescue therapy and isolated CNS relapse showed prognostic impact on survival. More effective rescue therapies are needed in adults with R/R T-ALL.La Caixa" Foundation and ISCIII, Grant/ Award Number: PI19/01828; Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC), Grant/Award Number: 2017 SGR28

El aprendizaje del derecho a través de la realización de debates

Memoria ID-170. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2010-2011.El objetivo principal de este proyecto era conseguir que el estudiante adquiriera una serie de conocimientos a través de la preparación de un debate en el que los diferentes grupos de las diferentes asignaturas defenderían posturas contrapuestas para intentar convencer al resto de sus compañeros o al profesor de que su planteamiento es el más idóneo, no solo por la calidad de los argumentos utilizados sino también por la forma en que los mismos se han expuesto, ya que se habría formado previamente al estudiante en técnicas de expresión oral y de lenguaje verbal y no verbal

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio