Modernização na fabrica segundo a otica de operarios e operarias

Orientador: Liliana Rolfsen Petrilli SegniniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoMestrad

Perseverança e resistencia : a engenharia como profissão feminina

Orientador: Liliana Rolfsen Petrilli SegniniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoResumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as relações de gênero na engenharia brasileira contemporânea, focalizando as décadas de 80 e 90, anos em que o ambiente econômico e o grupo profissional dos engenheiros passaram por importantes transformações. Entende-se que a gradativa feminização do trabalho no campo da engenharia significa rompimento dos valores que tendem a discriminar as mulheres em carreiras predominantemente masculinas como é o caso da engenharia ainda hoje. Há que se considerar também que as mulheres que fizeram essa opção profissional tiveram que enfrentar padrões de gênero aceitos no interior das famílias, das escolas e do mundo do trabalho. Nesse sentido, o estudo procurou compreender quais as possibilidades de inserção das mulheres na engenharia, sob que condições constróem suas carreiras, como se percebem como estudantes e profissionais da engenharia, como são percebidas pelo coletivo masculino nos espaços escolares e nos ambientes de trabalho e, enfim, como vivenciam subjetivamente essas experiências. A investigação combinou a análise de dados estatísticos sobre formação escolar e emprego com a realização de entrevistas com profissionais de ambos os sexos e dirigentes sindicais. No sentido de captar a evolução dos padrões de gênero imbricados nas engenharias, procurou-se incluir na pesquisa de campo engenheiros(as) formados(as) nas décadas de 70, 80 e 90Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the gender relations in Brazilian contemporary engineering, focusing on the decades of 1980 and 1990, years in which the economic atmosphere and the professional group of engineers went through important changes. It is understood that the gradual work feminisation in engineering area means the rupture with values which tend to discriminate women in careers where men are the majority, as it is the case of engineering even nowadays. It must also be taken into account that the women who have made such professional choice had to face the gender standards accepted in the core of the families, of the schools and in the labour world. In this sense, the study tried to understand which insertion possibilities the women have in engineering, under which conditions they build their careers, how they see themselves as engineering students and professionals, how they are seen by the male groups at college and at work places and finally, how they live subjectively these experiences. The investigation has combined the statistical data analysis about academic education and employment with interviews made with professionals, males and females, as well as with trade union leaders. Aiming to gather the evolution of gender standards imbricated in the different fields of engineering, engineers (of both sexes) who finished university in the decades of 1970, 1980 and 1990 were included in the field researchDoutoradoEducação, Sociedade, Politica e CulturaDoutor em Educaçã

SMART TECHNOLOGIES, DIGITALIZZAZIONE E CAPITALE INTELLETTUALE. Sinergie e opportunità

Il volume offre una visione d’insieme delle smart technologies, della digitalizzazione e del capitale intellettuale nelle aziende, al fine di delinearne i profili emergenti in chiave economico-aziendale. L’analisi di tali tematiche riveste particolare importanza nell’attuale scenario, in cui le aziende sono chiamate ad accogliere la quarta rivoluzione industriale e a fronteggiare un’emergenza mondiale di natura sociosanitaria ed economica. Pertanto, la riflessione scientifica su questioni relative all’analisi e alla definizione delle sfide e delle opportunità derivanti dalle smart technologies, dai processi e percorsi di digitalizzazione aziendali e dal capitale intellettuale rappresenta un contributo fondamentale per supportare le aziende nelle necessarie valutazioni di convenienza, nelle decisioni consapevoli e condivise, e nella attivazione di comportamenti coerenti. I contributi di ricerca raccolti in questo volume rappresentano il fruttuoso lavoro del Gruppo di Studio “Smart Technologies, Digitalization & Intellectual Capital” (STEDIC) della Società Italiana dei Docenti di Ragioneria e di Economia Aziendale (SIDREA) coordinato dai curatori del volume

Conceitos e perspectivas de estudantes brasileiros sobre a profissão de professor na ótica das relações de gênero

A atividade de professor na Educação Básica é particularmente emblemática no tocante às correlações entre formação profissional, relações sociais de sexo e representações sociais. Utilizando essas duas categorias analíticas conjuntamente, o artigo analisa algumas representações das perspectivas profissionais de estudantes brasileiros dos primeiros anos de cursos de Pedagogia e Licenciaturas, com base em um recorte de dados de pesquisa proveniente da 1ª. Fase do Programa de Pesquisa “Representações sociais de estudantes de pedagogia e de licenciaturas sobre o trabalho docente” desenvolvido no Centro Internacional de Estudos em Representações Sociais e Subjetividade-Educação (CIERS-ed) da Fundação Carlos Chagas (São Paulo, Brasil). Os resultados indicaram que, de forma geral, prevalece entre os respondentes da pesquisa, a representação da docência consoante a um modelo do feminino e a uma feminilidade convencionais, ativos na sociedade brasileira. Assim, elas, mais do que eles, pretendem trabalhar como professoras do ensino fundamental após a conclusão do curso, além de associarem a atividade docente com afetividade e a uma vocação feminina “natural” de cuidar do outro. Mesmo considerando as limitações teórico-empíricas desta análise exploratória, pôde-se perceber que a abordagem das representações sociais e das relações sociais de sexo, focadas conjuntamente no campo educacional, são promissoras. Elas possibilitam ultrapassar a usual separação entre individual e coletivo, bem como questionar abordagens que ignoram que os indivíduos se constituem socialmente, produzem, reproduzem e transformam relações sociais, por meio de idéias, representações e pela sua ação cotidiana.L’activité d’enseignant dans l’éducation de base au Brésil est particulièrement emblématique en ce qui concerne les corrélations entre la formation professionnelle, les relations sociales de genre et les représentations sociales. L’analyse conjointe de ces deux catégories analytiques nous permet de mieux saisir les représentations des perspectives professionnelles des étudiants brésiliens en première année de pédagogie et de licence. Ce travail utilise une partie d’une base de données issue du questionnaire de la première phase du programme de recherche appelé « Les représentations sociales des étudiants de pédagogie et de licence sur le travail de l’enseignement » développé au Centre International d’Études des Représentations Sociales et de la Subjectivité-Education (Ciers-ed) de la Fondation Carlos Chagas (São Paulo, Brésil). Les résultats ont indiqué que, parmi la majorité des enquêtés, la représentation de l’enseignement est associée à un modèle féminin renvoyant à une féminité classique, active dans la société brésilienne. De cette façon, les femmes, plus que les hommes, indiquent avoir l’intention de travailler comme enseignantes à l’école primaire après avoir fini leur parcours universitaire. De plus, elles associent l’activité d’enseignement à une vocation féminine « naturelle » pour prendre soin de l’autre. Même si l’on prend en compte les limites d’une analyse théorique et empirique exploratoire, nous pouvons constater que l’approche des questions d’éducation et de formation par les représentations sociales et les rapports sociaux de genre, est prometteuse. Elle permet de dépasser la séparation courante entre l’individuel et le collectif, et questionnent les approches ignorant que les individus, constitués par la société, produisent, se reproduisent, transforment les relations sociales par leurs idées, leurs représentations et par leur action quotidienne.The teaching activity in basic education is emblematic of the correlations between professional training, the social relations of gender and social representations. The joint analysis of these two analytical categories will allow us to better understand the representations of Brazilain students’ professional perspectives in the first year of their bachelor’s degree in pedagogy. This work is based on a part of a database compiling the answers to a survey as part of the first phase of research programmes called “The social representations of students in pedagogy on teacher work” and developed at the international research centre in social representations and subjectivity-Education (Ciers-ed) of the Carlos Chagas foundation (Sao Paulo, Brazil). Findings revealed that for most of the people surveyed the representation of teaching is linked to a female model and traditional femininity that still prevail in Brazilian society. That’s why female more than male students intend to work as primary school teachers after having completed their academic course. In addition, they associate the teaching activity to affection and natural female vocation. Even if the limits of this theoretical and empirical exploratory analysis are taken into account, the education-focused approach to the social representations and the social relations of gender is promising. It is a way to go beyond the traditional separation between the individual and the collective and question the approaches that overlook the fact that individuals are shaped by society. They produce, reproduce and transform social relations through its ideas, representations and their daily action.Die Lehrertätigkeit in der Grundausbildung ist besonders repräsentativ für die Verbindungen zwischen Beruflicher Ausbildung, sozialen Gender-Beziehungen und sozialen Vorstellungen. Die gleichzeitige Analyse dieser beiden Kategorien erlaubt uns, die Vorstellungen brasilianischer Studenten im ersten PH-Semester über berufliche Perspektiven. Diese Arbeit benutzt einen Teil aus einer Datenbank, die aus dem Fragebogen der Ersten Phase des Forschungsprogramms „Soziale Vorstellungen der Pädagogik- und Bachelorstudenten über den Lehrerberuf“ stammt, die im Internationals Zentrum zur Forschung der Sozialen Vorstellung und der Subjektivität-Erziehung der Stiftung Carlos Chagas (São Paulo, Brasilien) durchgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass im allgemeinen die meisten Befragten die Vorstellung des Lehrerberufs mit einem weiblichen Modell und einer klassischen Weiblichkeit verbinden, die in der brasilianischen Gesellschaft gültig sind. Auf diese Weise haben hauptsächlich Frauen (mehr als Männer) vor, als Grundschullehrerinnen nach dem Studium zu arbeiten. Dazu assoziieren sie die Lehrertätigkeit mit der Zuneigung und einer „natürlichen“ weiblichen Neigung, sich um die anderen zu kümmern. Auch wenn man die Grenzen dieser empirischen und theoretischen Forschungsanalyse berücksichtigt, so wurde doch festgestellt, dass die Herangehensweise an soziale Vorstellungen und an soziale Gender-Beziehungen, die die Erziehung betreffen, vielversprechend sind. Sie ermöglichen es, die gängige Trennung zwischen Individuellem und Kollektivem zu überwinden, sowie sie die Auffassungen in Frage stellt, die ignorieren, dass die Individuen von der Gesellschaft erzeugt werden : sie produzieren, reproduzieren sich, verändern die sozialen Beziehungen durch ihre Ideen, ihre Vorstellungen und ihre alltägliche Aktion.La actividad docente en la educación básica es particularmente emblemática en lo que concierne las relaciones entre la formación profesional, las relaciones sociales de género y las representaciones sociales. El análisis simúltaneo de estas dos categorías analíticas nos permitirá comprender mejor las representaciones de las perspectivas profesionales de los estudiantes brasileños en primer año de Pedagogía y de Licenciatura. Este trabajo utiliza una parte de una base de datos sacada del cuestionario de la Pimera Fase de los Programas de Investigación llamado “Las representaciones sociales de los estudiantes de pedagogía y de licenciatura sobre el trabajo de la enseñanza”, desarrollado en el Centro Internacional de las Representaciones Sociales y de la Sujetividad-Educación (Ciers-ed) de la Fudación Carlos Chaga (Sao Paolo, Brasil). Los resultados han indicado, de manera general, que entre la mayoría de los encuestados, la representación de la enseñanza es asociada a un modelo femenino y a una femeneidad clásica, activas en la sociedad brasileña. De este modo, las mujeres, más que los hombres, tienen la intención de trabajar en tanto que maestras después de terminar la carrera. Además, asocian la actividad docente con el efecto y a una vocación femenina “natural” para cuidar del otro. Aunque se haga caso a los límites de este análisis teórico y empírico exploratorio, hemos podido constatar que los enfoques sobre las representaciones sociales y sobre las relaciones sociales de género atribuidas conjuntamente a la educación son prometedores. Ellos permiten sobrepasar la separación corriente entre lo individual y lo colectivo, así como cuestionan las aproximaciones que ignoran que los indivíduos son constituidos por la sociedad, que producen, se reproducen, y transforman las relaciones sociales por sus ideas, sus representaciones y por sus acciónes cotidianas

Divergent Effect of Cobalt and Beryllium Salts on the Fate of Peripheral Blood Monocytes and T Lymphocytes

Occupational exposure to metals such as cobalt and beryllium represents a risk factor for respiratory health and can cause immune-mediated diseases. However, the way they act may be different. We show here that the two metals have a divergent effect on peripheral T lymphocytes and monocytes: BeSO4 induces cell death in monocytes but not in T lymphocytes, which instead respond by producing Interferon gamma (IFN-γ); conversely, CoCl2 induces apoptosis in T lymphocytes but not in monocytes. Interestingly, both metals induce p53 overexpression but with a dramatic different outcome. This is because the effect of p53 in CoCl2-treated monocytes is counteracted by the antiapoptotic activity of cytoplasmic p21Cip1/WAF1, the activation of nuclear factor κB, and the inflammasome danger signaling pathway leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, CoCl2-treated monocytes do not fully differentiate into macrophage or dendritic cells, as inferred by the lack of expression of CD16 and CD83, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of HLA-class II molecules, as well as the capability of capturing and presenting the antigens, decreased with time. In conclusion, cobalt keeps monocytes in a partially activated, proinflammatory state that can contribute to some of the pathologies associated with the exposure to this meta

Predictivity of clinical, laboratory and imaging findings in diagnostic definition of palpable thyroid nodules. A multicenter prospective study

Abstract PURPOSE: To assess the role of clinical, biochemical, and morphological parameters, as added to cytology, for improving pre-surgical diagnosis of palpable thyroid nodules. METHODS: Patients with a palpable thyroid nodule were eligible if surgical intervention was indicated after a positive or suspicious for malignancy FNAC (TIR 4-5 according to the 2007 Italian SIAPEC-IAP classification), or two inconclusive FNAC at a 653 months interval, or a negative FNAC associated with one or more risk factor. Reference standard was histological malignancy diagnosis. Likelihood ratios of malignancy, sensitivity, specificity, negative (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were described. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and logistic regression were applied. RESULTS: Cancer was found in 433/902 (48%) patients. Considering TIR4-5 only as positive cytology, specificity, and PPV were high (94 and 91%) but sensitivity and NPV were low (61 and 72%); conversely, including TIR3 among positive, sensitivity and NPV were higher (88 and 82%) while specificity and PPV decreased (52 and 63%). Ultrasonographic size 653\u2009cm was independently associated with benignity among TIR2 cases (OR of malignancy 0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.78). In TIR3 cases the hard consistency of small nodules was associated with malignity (OR: 3.51, 95% CI 1.84-6.70, p\u2009<\u20090.001), while size alone, irrespective of consistency, was not diagnostically informative. No other significant association was found in TIR2 and TIR3. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of cytology with clinical and ultrasonographic parameters may improve diagnostic definition of palpable thyroid nodules. However, the need for innovative diagnostic tools is still high

Pericardial rather than epicardial fat is a cardiometabolic risk marker: an MRI vs echo study

Several studies using echocardiography identified epicardial adipose tissue (EPI) as an important cardiometabolic risk marker. However, validation compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography has not been performed. Moreover, pericardial adipose tissue (PERI) has recently been shown to have some correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors. The aims of this study were to validate echocardiographic analyses compared with MRI and to evaluate which cardiac fat depot (EPI or PERI) is the most appropriate cardiovascular risk marker. METHODS: Forty-nine healthy subjects were studied (age range, 25-68 years; body mass index, 21-40 kg/m(2)), and PERI and EPI fat depots were measured using echocardiography and MRI. Findings were correlated with MRI visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, glucose, and 10-year coronary heart disease risk. RESULTS: Most cardiac fat was constituted by PERI (about 77%). PERI thickness by echocardiography was well correlated with MRI area (r = 0.36, P = .009), and independently of the technique used for quantification, PERI was correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and coronary heart disease risk. On the contrary, EPI thicknesses correlated only with age did not correlate significantly with MRI EPI areas, which were found to correlate with age, body mass index, subcutaneous fat, and hip and waist circumferences. CONCLUSIONS: Increased cardiac fat in the pericardial area is strongly associated with features of the metabolic syndrome, whereas no correlation was found with EPI, indicating that in clinical practice, PERI is a better cardiometabolic risk marker than EPI

HLA-DP Allele-Specific T Cell Responses to Beryllium Account for DP-Associated Susceptibility to Chronic Beryllium Disease

Abstract Occupational exposure to small molecules, such as metals, is frequently associated with hypersensitivity reactions. Chronic beryllium (Be) disease (CBD) is a multisystem granulomatous disease that primarily affects the lung, and occurs in ∼3% of individuals exposed to this element. Immunogenetic studies have demonstrated a strong association between CBD and possession of alleles of HLA-DP containing glutamic acid (Glu) at position 69 in the HLA-DPβ-chain. T cell clones were raised from three patients with CBD in whom exposure occurred 10 and 30 years previously. Of 25 Be-specific clones that were obtained, all were restricted by HLA-DP alleles with Glu at DPβ69. Furthermore, the proliferative responses of the clones were absolutely dependent upon DPβ Glu69 in that a single amino acid substitution at this position abolished the response. As befits a disease whose pathogenesis involves a delayed type hypersensitivity response, the large majority of Be-specific clones secreted IFN-γ (Th1) and little or no IL-4 (Th2) cytokines. This study provides insights into the molecular basis of DP2-associated susceptibility to CBD

Morphology of the interstitial cells of rat polycystic ovaries: an experimental study

PURPOSES: To evaluate the histomorphometry of ovarian interstitial cells, as well as the blood sex steroid concentrations of female rats with polycystic ovaries induced by continuous light. METHODS: Twenty female rats were divided into two groups: Control Group - in the estrous phase (CtrlG), and a group of rats with polycystic ovaries induced by continuous illumination (POG). CtrlG animals were maintained on a light period from 07:00 a.m. to 07:00 p.m., and POG animals with continuous illumination (400 Lux) for 60 days. After this period all animals were anesthetized and blood was collected for the determination of serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T), followed by removal of the ovaries that were fixed in 10% formalin and processed for paraffin embedding. Five-µm histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and used for histomorphometric analysis. Morphological analyses, cyst count, determination of concentration and of the nuclear volume of interstitial cells were performed with the aid of a light microscope adapted to a high resolution camera (AxioCam), whose images were transmitted to and analyzed by the computer using AxioVision Rel 4.8 software (Carl Zeiss). Data were analyzed statistically by the Student's t-test (pCtrlG=73.2±6.5, pCtrlG=80.6±3.9, pPOG=4.2±1.5, pCtrlG=63.6±16.5, pCtrlG=6.9±3.2, pGCtrl=73,2±6,5; pGCtrl=80,6±3,9; pGOP=4,2±1,5; pGCtrl=63,6±16,5; pGCtrl=6,9±3,2; p<0,05) em relação aos animais do GCtrl. CONCLUSÃO: As células intersticiais do ovário policístico da rata provavelmente provêm dos cistos ovarianos devido degeneração das células da granulosa e diferenciação das células da teca interna. As elevações dos níveis séricos de testosterona e de estradiol provavelmente provêm do aumento significativo da atividade celular e da área ocupada pelas células intersticiais.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Morfologia e GenéticaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Obstetrícia e GinecologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Morfologia e GenéticaSciEL