Сравнительный анализ нелинейных резонансов механической системы с несимметричной кусочно-линейной характеристикой восстанавливающей силы

Представлены результаты численного сравнительного анализа супергармонических резонансов порядка 2/1...5/1 и субгармонического резонанса порядка 1/2 механической колебательной системы с одной степенью свободы с несимметричной кусочно-линейной характеристикой восстанавливающей силы при различных соотношениях жесткости системы на полуциклах и в условиях существенного изменения уровня демпфирования колебаний в системе.Представлено результати числового порівняльного аналізу супергармоніч- них резонансів порядку 2/1...5/1 і субгармонічного резонансу порядку 1/2 механічної коливної системи з одним ступенем вільності з несиметричною кусково-лінійною характеристикою відновлювальної сили при різних співвідношеннях жорсткості системи на півциклах і в умовах суттєвої зміни рівня демпфірування коливань у системі.We present results of the numerical comparative analysis of superharmonic resonances of 2/1-5/1 order and a sub-harmonic resonance of 1/2 order of mechanical vibratory systems with one degree of freedom with asymmetrical piecewise linear performance of recovering force for various system rigidity ratios in half-cycles and for conditions of significant variation of the level of vibration damping in the system

Аналіз провідних складових маркетингового потенціалу аграрного сектора економіки

Визначено та проаналізовано провідні складові маркетингового потенціалу аграрного сектора економіки: трудовий (кадровий), фінансовий потенціал; організаційне, управлінське та інформаційне забезпечення маркетингу; потенціал маркетингових підрозділів. Акцентовано увагу на відсутності маркетингових підрозділів у сільськогосподарських підприємствах, низькому рівні розвитку цього потенціалу в цілому. Наголошено на необхідності розробки заходів щодо підвищення ефективності господарювання підприємств аграрної галузі із застосуванням маркетингуCertainly and the leading constituents of marketing potential of agrarian sector of economy are analyzed. Attention is accented on absence of marketing subsections in agricultural enterprises low level of development of this potential on the whole. It will provide development of measures on the increase of efficienc y of menage enterprises of this industry

Continuous affect state annotation using a joystick-based user interface

Ongoing research at the DLR (German Aerospace Center) aims to employ affective computing techniques to ascertain the emotional states of users in motion simulators. In this work, a novel user feedback interface employing a joystick to acquire subjective evaluation of the affective experience is presented. This interface allows the subjects to continuously annotate their affect states, elicited in this scenario by watching video clips. Several physiological parameters (e.g. heart rate, electrodermal activity, respiration rate, etc.) were acquired during the viewing session. A statistical analysis is presented, which shows expected patterns in data that validate the design and methodology of the experiment and lay the groundwork for further experiments to be undertaken at the DLR

PIP5KIβ Selectively Modulates Apical Endocytosis in Polarized Renal Epithelial Cells

Localized synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] at clathrin coated pits (CCPs) is crucial for the recruitment of adaptors and other components of the internalization machinery, as well as for regulating actin dynamics during endocytosis. PtdIns(4,5)P2 is synthesized from phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate by any of three phosphatidylinositol 5-kinase type I (PIP5KI) isoforms (α, β or γ). PIP5KIβ localizes almost exclusively to the apical surface in polarized mouse cortical collecting duct cells, whereas the other isoforms have a less polarized membrane distribution. We therefore investigated the role of PIP5KI isoforms in endocytosis at the apical and basolateral domains. Endocytosis at the apical surface is known to occur more slowly than at the basolateral surface. Apical endocytosis was selectively stimulated by overexpression of PIP5KIβ whereas the other isoforms had no effect on either apical or basolateral internalization. We found no difference in the affinity for PtdIns(4,5)P2-containing liposomes of the PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding domains of epsin and Dab2, consistent with a generic effect of elevated PtdIns(4,5)P2 on apical endocytosis. Additionally, using apical total internal reflection fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy we found that cells overexpressing PIP5KIβ have fewer apical CCPs but more internalized coated structures than control cells, consistent with enhanced maturation of apical CCPs. Together, our results suggest that synthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 mediated by PIP5KIβ is rate limiting for apical but not basolateral endocytosis in polarized kidney cells. PtdIns(4,5)P2 may be required to overcome specific structural constraints that limit the efficiency of apical endocytosis. © 2013 Szalinski et al

Class I and class III phosphoinositide 3-kinases are required for actin polymerization that propels phagosomes

Phagosomes formed by engagement of complement receptors (CR3) are moved within macrophages by PI3K-driven formation of actin “comet tails” on the phagosomal membrane

Shear Stress-Induced Total Blood Trauma in Multiple Species

The common complications in heart failure patients with implanted ventricular assist devices (VADs) include haemolysis, thrombosis and bleeding, which are linked to shear stress-induced trauma to erythrocytes, platelets and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Novel device designs are being developed to reduce the blood trauma, which will need to undergo in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical testing in large animal models such as cattle, sheep and pig. To fully understand the impact of device design and enable translation of pre-clinical results, it is important to identify any potential species-specific differences in the VAD associated common complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of shear stress on cells and proteins in bovine, ovine, and porcine blood compared to human. Blood from different species was subjected to various shear rates (0 – 8000 s-1) using a rheometer. It was then analysed for complete blood counts, haemolysis by the Harboe assay, platelet activation by flow cytometry, vWF structure by immunoblotting, and function by collagen binding activity ELISA (vWF:CBA). Overall, increasing shear rate caused increased total blood trauma in all tested species. This analysis revealed species-specific differences in shear-induced haemolysis, platelet activation and vWF structure and function. Compared to human blood, porcine blood was the most resilient and showed less haemolysis, similar blood counts, but less platelet activation and less vWF damage in response to shear. Compared to human blood, sheared bovine blood showed less haemolysis, similar blood cell counts, greater platelet activation, and similar degradation of vWF structure, but less impact on its activity in response to shear. The shear-induced effect on ovine blood depended on whether the blood was collected via gravity at the abattoir or by venepuncture from live sheep. Overall, ovine abattoir blood was the least resilient in response to shear and bovine blood was the most similar to human blood. These results lay the foundations for developing blood trauma evaluation standards to enable the extrapolation of in vitro and in vivo animal data to predict safety and biocompatibility of blood-handling medical devices in humans. We discourage the use of ovine abattoir blood and favour the use of bovine blood for in vitro device evaluation but multiple species could be used to create a full understanding of the complication risk profile of new devices. Further, this study highlights that choice of antibody clone for evaluating platelet activation in bovine blood can influence the interpretation of results from different studies

Phospholipase D signaling: orchestration by PIP2 and small GTPases

Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase D (PLD) leads to the generation of the versatile lipid second messenger, phosphatidic acid (PA), which is involved in fundamental cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell proliferation and cell survival. PLD activity can be dramatically stimulated by a large number of cell surface receptors and is elaborately regulated by intracellular factors, including protein kinase C isoforms, small GTPases of the ARF, Rho and Ras families and, particularly, by the phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). PIP2 is well known as substrate for the generation of second messengers by phospholipase C, but is now also understood to recruit and/or activate a variety of actin regulatory proteins, ion channels and other signaling proteins, including PLD, by direct interaction. The synthesis of PIP2 by phosphoinositide 5-kinase (PIP5K) isoforms is tightly regulated by small GTPases and, interestingly, by PA as well, and the concerted formation of PIP2 and PA has been shown to mediate receptor-regulated cellular events. This review highlights the regulation of PLD by membrane receptors, and describes how the close encounter of PLD and PIP5K isoforms with small GTPases permits the execution of specific cellular functions

Studi Perbаndingаn Penerаpаn Prinsip Imunitаs Negаrа (Sovereign Stаte Immunity) Di Indonesiа, Аmerikа Serikаt Dаn Prаncis

Pаdа skripsi ini penulis meneliti mengenаi penerаpаn prinsip imunitаs negаrа di Indonesiа, Аmerikа Serikаt, dаn Prаncis. Hаl ini ini dilаtаrbelаngi oleh tidаk аdаnyа generаl guidelines atau acuan umum mengenаi penerаpаn prinsip imunitаs negаrа di hukum internаsionаl. Rumusаn mаsаlаh dаlаm penelitiаn ini yаkni: 1) Bаgаimаnа prаktek penerаpаn sovereign stаte immunity dаlаm sistem hukum nаsionаl di Indonesiа, Аmerikа Serikаt, dаn Prаncis; sertа 2) Аpаkаh urgensi dari pengаturаn nаsionаl mаupun internаsionаl mengenаi sovereign stаte immunity. Jenis penelitiаn yаng digunаkаn dаlаm penelitiаn ini аdаlаh yuridis normаtif dengаn menggunаkаn metode pendekаtаn perundаng-undаngаn, pendekаtаn konseptuаl, sertа pendekаtаn perbаndingаn. Dаlаm penelitiаn ini untuk pengumpulаn bаhаn hukum bаik itu bаhаn hukum primer mаupun sekunder, peneliti menggunаkаn Studi Kepustаkааn dаn Internet yаng diperoleh oleh penulis diаnаlisа gunа memperoleh jаwаbаn аtаs rumusаn mаsаlаh diаtаs. Hаsil penelitiаn menjelаskаn bаhwа setelаh diаnаlisis secаrа yuridis, penerаpаn prinsip imunitаs negаrа аntаrа Indonesiа, Аmerikа Serikаt, dаn Prаncis telаh menggаmbаrkаn ketidаk-pаstiаn dаlаm prаktek pengаkuаn dаn penerаpаn prinsip. Keberаdааn United Nаtions Convention on Jurisdicitonаl Immunity of Stаtes аnd Their Property (UNCSI) yаng belum berlаku аktif (entry into force) menimbulkаn permаsаlаhаn berupа ketidаk-sesuаiаn dаlаm penerаpаn prinsip imunitаs negаrа sehinggа pengаturаn internаsionаl dаn nаsionаl yаng sesuаi di mаsing-mаsing negаrа аdаlаh urgent atau genting sifаtnyа