127 research outputs found
On a heady attempt to befiend causal theories of knowledge
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43382/1/11098_2004_Article_BF00473442.pd
The Naturalisms of Hume and Reid
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62461/1/Loeb2007_The_Naturalisms_of_Hume_and_Reid.pd
Causal overdetermination and counterfactuals revisited
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43386/1/11098_2005_Article_BF01855295.pd
On the Lessons Learned from the Operations of the ERBE Nonscanner Instrument in Space and the Production of the Nonscanner TOA Radiation Budget Dataset
Monitoring the flow of radiative energy at top-of-atmosphere (TOA) is essential for understanding the Earths climate and how it is changing with time. The determination of TOA global net radiation budget using broadband nonscanner instruments has received renewed interest recently due to advances in both instrument technology and the availability of small satellite platforms. The use of such instruments for monitoring Earths radiation budget was attempted in the past from satellite missions such as the Nimbus 7 and the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). This paper discusses the important lessons learned from the operation of the ERBE nonscanner instrument and the production of the ERBE nonscanner TOA radiation budget data set that have direct relevance to current nonscanner instrument efforts
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New generation of climate models track recent unprecedented changes in Earth's radiation budget observed by CERES
We compare topâofâatmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes observed by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and simulated by seven general circulation models forced with observed seaâsurface temperature (SST) and seaâice boundary conditions. In response to increased SSTs along the equator and over the eastern Pacific (EP) following the soâcalled global warming âhiatusâ of the early 21st century, simulated TOA flux changes are remarkably similar to CERES. Both show outgoing shortwave and longwave TOA flux changes that largely cancel over the west and central tropical Pacific, and large reductions in shortwave flux for EP lowâcloud regions. A model's ability to represent changes in the relationship between global mean net TOA flux and surface temperature depends upon how well it represents shortwave flux changes in lowâcloud regions, with most showing too little sensitivity to EP SST changes, suggesting a âpattern effectâ that may be too weak compared to observations
The impact of respiratory infections and probiotic use on the nasal microbiota of frail residents in long-term care homes
Background Residents in long-term care (LTC) homes, who tend to be of advanced age and frail, are at increased risk of respiratory infections. The respiratory microbiota is known to change with age, but whether these changes contribute to the risk of infection is not known.Aim Our goal was to determine how the nasal microbiota of frail older adults changes during symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI) and how this may be impacted by enrollment in a placebo-controlled trial testing the feasibility of administering a Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG probiotic to prevent respiratory infection (2014â2017).Methods The microbiome of the nasal (mid-turbinate) of 150 residents of LTC homes was interrogated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results We identified a diverse and individualized microbiota which could be separated into 9 distinct clusters based on Bray Curtis distances. Samples collected during symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI) differed statistically from those collected pre- and post-cold and influenza season, and we observed decreased temporal stability â as measured by movement between clusters â in individuals who experienced ILI compared to those who did not.Conclusions The use of probiotics decreased ILI-induced changes to the microbiota; however, it is not clear whether this decrease is sufficient to prevent respiratory illness
A New Era in Extragalactic Background Light Measurements: The Cosmic History of Accretion, Nucleosynthesis and Reionization
(Brief Summary) What is the total radiative content of the Universe since the
epoch of recombination? The extragalactic background light (EBL) spectrum
captures the redshifted energy released from the first stellar objects,
protogalaxies, and galaxies throughout cosmic history. Yet, we have not
determined the brightness of the extragalactic sky from UV/optical to
far-infrared wavelengths with sufficient accuracy to establish the radiative
content of the Universe to better than an order of magnitude. Among many
science topics, an accurate measurement of the EBL spectrum from optical to
far-IR wavelengths, will address: What is the total energy released by stellar
nucleosynthesis over cosmic history? Was significant energy released by
non-stellar processes? Is there a diffuse component to the EBL anywhere from
optical to sub-millimeter? When did first stars appear and how luminous was the
reionization epoch? Absolute optical to mid-IR EBL spectrum to an
astrophysically interesting accuracy can be established by wide field imagingat
a distance of 5 AU or above the ecliptic plane where the zodiacal foreground is
reduced by more than two orders of magnitude.Comment: 7 pages; Science White Paper for the US Astro 2010-2020 Decadal
Survey. If interested in further community-wide efforts on this topic please
contact the first autho
Wilms' Tumor protein 1 and enzymatic oxidation of 5-methylcytosine in brain tumors: potential perspectives
The patterns of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and its oxidized derivatives, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) are reportedly altered in a range of cancers. Likewise, Wilmsâ Tumor protein 1 (WT1), a transcription factor essential for urogenital, epicardium, and kidney development exhibits aberrant expression in multiple tumors. Interestingly, WT1 directly interacts with TET proteins that catalyze the enzymatic oxidation of 5mC and exhibits high affinity for 5caC-containing DNA substrates in vitro. Here we review recent developments in the fields of Tet-dependent 5mC oxidation and WT1 biology and explore potential perspectives for studying the interplay between TETs and WT1 in brain tumors
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