Evaluation of the limestone anoxic drain, as a complementary technique to the closure of the BQH5 Bocamina of Colquirrumi [Evaluación del drenaje anóxico Calizo, como técnica complementaria al cierre de la Bocamina BQH5 de Colquirrumi]

This investigation was carried out in Bocamina 5 of Quebrada Honda (BQH5) of Colquirrrumi Minning Company (CMC), district of Hualgayoc in the Cajamarca region. This underground mining work was closed with an airtight plug; however, to date due to the type of fractured rock it continues with leaks of acidic water that do not comply with the Maximum Permitted Limits (LMP) required by Peruvian legislation. The objective of this work was to evaluate if with the application of the Limestone Anoxic Drains (DAC), it is possible to neutralize the pH and precipitate the metals present in the acid waters, so that they comply with the LMP; for which 2 anoxic limestone drainage systems were designed, to which were added reactive barriers (sea shells, organic matter and sawdust). There were a total of 6 treatments with 6 replications each, the best results were obtained with the Z treatment (large drainage with barriers) of dimensions 1.60 cm long, 40 cm wide and 15 cm high, with a bed of limestone and 10 cm barriers. The design has been made based on the metallic content of Iron with the method provided by the mining office of the Department of the Interior of the United States (USBM, 1994). In this drainage, it was possible to reduce the Al by 97%, 98%, the Cd by 99%, the Cu by 99%, Fe by 99.5% and Zn by 98% and increase the pH to neutral values. The implementation and operation of this system in the field would represent a socially acceptable and viable solution.Esta investigación se realizó en la Bocamina 5 de Quebrada Honda (BQH5) de Compañía Minera Colquirrrumi (CMC), distrito de Hualgayoc en la región Cajamarca. Esta bocamina tuvo un cierre con tapón hermético, sin embargo, a la fecha por el tipo de roca fracturada continua con filtraciones de agua ácida que no cumplen con los Límite Máximos Permisibles (LMP) exigidos por la legislación peruana. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si con la aplicación de Drenaje Anóxico Calizo (DAC), es posible neutralizar el pH y precipitar lo metales presentes en las aguas ácidas, de manera que cumplan con los LMP; para lo cual se diseñan 2 sistemas drenajes anóxicos calizos a los cuales se les agregó barreras reactivas (Conchas de Mar, Materia orgánica, y Aserrín). Se tuvieron un total de 6 tratamientos con 6 réplicas por cada uno, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con el tratamiento Z (Drenaje grande con barreras) de dimensiones 1.60 cm de largo, 40 cm de ancho y 15 cm de alto, con una cama de calizas y barreras de 10 cm. El diseño ha sido realizado en base al contenido metálico de Hierro con el método proporcionado por la oficina de minas del departamento del interior de los Estados Unidos (USBM, 1994). En este drenaje se logró reducir el Al en un 97%, As en un 98%, Cd en 99%, Cu en 99%, Fe 99.5 % y Zn en 98% y aumentar el pH hasta alcanzar los valores neutros. La implementación y funcionamiento de este sistema en campo representaría una solución socialmente aceptable y viable

Comportamiento agronómico de variedades de maíz amiláceo tradicionales y mejoradas evaluadas en diferentes ambientes de Tayacaja

El maíz constituye uno de los granos más cultivados en el mundo dada su importancia para la alimentación tanto humana como animal, predominando en la dieta de países latinoamericanos. Esta investigación se propuso como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de variedades de maíz amiláceo tradicionales y mejoradas en diferentes condiciones ambientales en 5 localidades de la provincia de Tayacaja, Perú. Se estudiaron un total de 25variedades,19 experimentales recolectadas en Tayacaja y 6 variedades mejoradas utilizadas como testigos. Los ensayos se establecieron y cosecharon manualmente y el manejo agronómico se ajustó a las recomendaciones técnicas establecidas para cada sitio de prueba. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques incompletos, Alfa Látice 5x5, con tres repeticiones y una población de 62500 plantas/ha. Se realizaron análisis de varianza individual y combinado, basados en la media de cada unidad experimental, utilizando el procedimiento GLM. Los resultados mostraron que el desempeño agronómico de las variedades varió según las condiciones ambientales de la localidad. Entre las variedades experimentales Astilla Blanca-DH, Chullpi-Q, Cusqueado-P, Carhuay-P, Astilla Blanca-Cusqueado y Astilla Blanca-Astilla Amarilla presentaron mayor productividad promedio, mientras las variedades testigos alcanzaron resultados iguales o superiores; las variedades testigos Choclero-101 y INIA-603 Choclero  revelaron superioridad en la productividad de las variedades mejoradas genéticamente siendo Choclero-101 significativamente superior con excelente potencial agronómico.INIA-601 resaltó como la que podría ser de mayor rentabilidad dado sus valores agregados esencialmente por los contenidos de antocianina. Los resultados demostraron la importancia del mejoramiento genético para desarrollar genotipos de superior desempeño agronómico

TNF-α and IL-10 downregulation and marked oxidative stress in Neuromyelitis Optica

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Neuromyelitis optica is a central nervous system demyelinating and inflammatory syndrome. The objective of this study is to identify cytokines related to the cellular immune response as well as blood brain barrier integrity and oxidative stress.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a molecular characterization of cellular immune response and oxidative stress in serum from relapsing-NMO (R-NMO) patients and established the correlations between the clinical measurements and molecular parameters using the Bayesian approach.</p> <p>Serum samples from 11 patients with R-NMO diagnosed according to Wingerchuk criteria and matched in terms of age, gender and ethnicity with the healthy controls were analyzed. The levels of TNF-<it>α</it>, IFN-<it>γ</it>, IL-10, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and oxidative stress markers: malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, peroxidation potential, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total hydroperoxides were measured.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found almost undetectable levels of TNF-<it>α</it>, a decreased production of IL-10 and a significant up-regulation of every oxidative stress biomarker studied. The insufficient production of TNF-<it>α </it>and IL-10 in R-NMO patients, which are two important players of T cell mediated immunoregulation, suggest an effector – regulator imbalance. The overproduction of oxygen reactive species as a consequence of the chronic inflammatory milieu is reflected on the excess of oxidative damage mediators detected. Furthermore, Multidimensional Scaling and a Bayesian linear regression model revealed a significant linear dependence between Expanded Disability Status Scale Kurtzke and TIMP-1; pointing to a possible predictive or prognostic value of this clinical-molecular relationship.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that there is a breakdown in immunoregulatory mechanisms and noteworthy pro-oxidant environment contributing to NMO pathogenesis.</p

ERK5/BMK1 is a novel target of the tumor suppressor VHL: implication in clear cell renal carcinoma

Hi ha quatre pàgines de material suplementari sense numeracióExtracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1, is implicated in a wide range of biologic processes, which include proliferation or vascularization. Here, we show that ERK5 is degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, in a process mediated by the tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, through a prolyl hydroxylation-dependent mechanism. Our conclusions derive from transient transfection assays in Cos7 cells, as well as the study of endogenous ERK5 in different experimental systems such as MCF7, HMEC, or Caki-2 cell lines. In fact, the specific knockdown of ERK5 in pVHL-negative cell lines promotes a decrease in proliferation and migration, supporting the role of this MAPK in cellular transformation. Furthermore, in a short series of fresh samples from human clear cell renal cell carcinoma, high levels of ERK5 correlate with more aggressive and metastatic stages of the disease. Therefore, our results provide new biochemical data suggesting that ERK5 is a novel target of the tumor suppressor VHL, opening a new field of research on the role of ERK5 in renal carcinomas

Gaseous emissions during the solid state fermentation of different wastes for enzyme production at pilot scale

The emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), CH₄, N₂O and NH₃ during the solid state fermentation process of some selected wastes to obtain different enzymes have been determined at pilot scale. Orange peel + compost (OP), hair wastes + raw sludge (HW) and winterization residue + raw sludge (WR) have been processed in duplicate in 50 L reactors to provide emission factors and to identify the different VOC families present in exhaust gaseous emissions. Ammonia emission from HW fermentation (3.2 ± 0.5 kg Mg⁻¹ dry matter) and VOC emission during OP processes (18 ± 6 kg Mg⁻¹ dry matter) should be considered in an industrial application of these processes. Terpenes have been the most emitted VOC family during all the processes although the emission of sulphide molecules during HW SSF is notable. The most emitted compound was dimethyl disulfide in HW and WR processes, and limonene in the SSF of OP

A 3-biomarker 2-point-based risk stratification strategy in acute heart failure

[Abstract] Introduction and Objectives: Most multi-biomarker strategies in acute heart failure (HF) have only measured biomarkers in a single-point time. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic yielding of NT-proBNP, hsTnT, Cys-C, hs-CRP, GDF15, and GAL-3 in HF patients both at admission and discharge. Methods: We included 830 patients enrolled consecutively in a prospective multicenter registry. Primary outcome was 12-month mortality. The gain in the C-index, calibration, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was calculated after adding each individual biomarker value or their combination on top of the best clinical model developed in this study (C-index 0.752, 0.715–0.789) and also on top of 4 currently used scores (MAGGIC, GWTG-HF, Redin-SCORE, BCN-bioHF). Results: After 12-month, death occurred in 154 (18.5%) cases. On top of the best clinical model, the addition of NT-proBNP, hs-CRP, and GDF-15 above the respective cutoff point at admission and discharge and their delta during compensation improved the C-index to 0.782 (0.747–0.817), IDI by 5% (p < 0.001), and NRI by 57% (p < 0.001) for 12-month mortality. A 4-risk grading categories for 12-month mortality (11.7, 19.2, 26.7, and 39.4%, respectively; p < 0.001) were obtained using combination of these biomarkers. Conclusion: A model including NT-proBNP, hs-CRP, and GDF-15 measured at admission and discharge afforded a mortality risk prediction greater than our clinical model and also better than the most currently used scores. In addition, this 3-biomarker panel defined 4-risk categories for 12-month mortality.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; RD06-0003-0000Instituto de Salud Carlos III; RD12/0042/000

Genotype by environment interaction and productive potential of 25 starch maize assessed at the Tayacaja Province, Peru

La interacción genotipo por ambiente (IGA) representa el principal obstáculo en la selección de los genotipos promisorios para diversos ambientes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la IGA y el potencial productivo de 25 variedades de maíz amiláceo, utilizando el modelo de efectos principales aditivos e interacción multiplicativa (AMMI). Se utilizó la información generada en cinco ensayos establecidos en diferentes localidades de la provincia de Tayacaja, Huancavelica, Perú, en el ciclo del cultivo 2018–2019, bajo un diseño alfa látice 5x5, con tres repeticiones y unidades experimentales de dos hileras de 4 m de longitud, con arreglos espaciales de 0,80 m entre hileras y 0,20 m entre puntos de siembra. El potencial productivo de los cultivares se midió a través del rendimiento de grano, ajustado a 15 % de humedad. Definida la IGA, se realizó el análisis multivariado, para obtener los valores singulares de los primeros términos significativos del modelo para genotipos y ambientes. La IGA resultó altamente significativa y explicó alrededor del 14 % de la variación fenotípica del rendimiento, mostrando algunas variedades con adaptación específica y otras con amplia adaptación a los ambientes de prueba. El modelo AMMI explicó alrededor del 96 % de la variación debida a la IGA, observándose que sólo los dos primeros ejes concentraron cerca del 85 % de dicha variación. Las variedades locales Chullpi-Q, Carhuay-P, Astilla Blanca-Cusqueado, Astilla Blanca-DH, Cusqueado-P y Astilla Blanca-Astilla Amarilla mostraron el mejor potencial productivo, pero sólo las tres primeras fueron estables a través de los ambientes de evaluación

Socialización escolar : procesos, experiencias y trayectos

En los artículos que forman parte de este libro se despliega un conjunto de temas, problemas y debates que, en un primer momento, se hicieron presentes entre el equipo coordinador del libro y que luego fueron compartidos con los investigadores miembros del Grupo de Trabajo "Juventudes, Infancias: Políticas, Culturas e Instituciones Sociales" (GT) del Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO). En tal sentido, el propósito de la compilación consiste en aportar a la actualización de un área o campo que, desde sus inicios, fue y es pensado por las ciencias sociales: la escuela y los sistemas educativos. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, el campo de estudios sobre la escuela se ha diversificado y especializado, encontrando nuevos objetos de estudio y ampliando los ya existentes, al tiempo que los temas y problemas educativos se hablan y debaten por toda la sociedad

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe