Comparative analysis of morbidity with temporal loss of working capacity of workers of industrial enterprises

The article presents an analysis of morbidity with temporary disability of workers of metallurgical industrial enterprises. Also, the role of the influence of working conditions of workers in the formation of morbidity levels was evaluated. The indicators and the results of the assessment of working conditions are analyzed on the basis of indicators for 2013-2017.В статье представлен анализ заболеваемости с временной утратой трудоспособности (далее - ЗВУТ) работников цехов металлургического промышленного предприятия. Также, оценивалась роль влияния условий труда работников в формировании уровней заболеваемости. Показатели ЗВУТ и результаты оценки условий труда анализируются на основании показателей за 2013-2017 годы

BRAIN Initiative: Cutting-Edge Tools and Resources for the Community.

The overarching goal of the NIH BRAIN (Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) Initiative is to advance the understanding of healthy and diseased brain circuit function through technological innovation. Core principles for this goal include the validation and dissemination of the myriad innovative technologies, tools, methods, and resources emerging from BRAIN-funded research. Innovators, BRAIN funding agencies, and non-Federal partners are working together to develop strategies for making these products usable, available, and accessible to the scientific community. Here, we describe several early strategies for supporting the dissemination of BRAIN technologies. We aim to invigorate a dialogue with the neuroscience research and funding community, interdisciplinary collaborators, and trainees about the existing and future opportunities for cultivating groundbreaking research products into mature, integrated, and adaptable research systems. Along with the accompanying Society for Neuroscience 2019 Mini-Symposium, "BRAIN Initiative: Cutting-Edge Tools and Resources for the Community," we spotlight the work of several BRAIN investigator teams who are making progress toward providing tools, technologies, and services for the neuroscience community. These tools access neural circuits at multiple levels of analysis, from subcellular composition to brain-wide network connectivity, including the following: integrated systems for EM- and florescence-based connectomics, advances in immunolabeling capabilities, and resources for recording and analyzing functional connectivity. Investigators describe how the resources they provide to the community will contribute to achieving the goals of the NIH BRAIN Initiative. Finally, in addition to celebrating the contributions of these BRAIN-funded investigators, the Mini-Symposium will illustrate the broader diversity of BRAIN Initiative investments in cutting-edge technologies and resources

Long-Term Seizure Suppression and Optogenetic Analyses of Synaptic Connectivity in Epileptic Mice with Hippocampal Grafts of GABAergic Interneurons

Studies in rodent epilepsy models suggest that GABAergic interneuron progenitor grafts can reduce hyperexcitability and seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Although integration of the transplanted cells has been proposed as the underlying mechanism for these disease-modifying effects, prior studies have not explicitly examined cell types and synaptic mechanisms for long-term seizure suppression. To address this gap, we transplanted medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cells from embryonic day 13.5 VGAT-Venus or VGAT-ChR2-EYFP transgenic embryos into the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult mice 2 weeks after induction of TLE with pilocarpine. Beginning 3–4 weeks after status epilepticus, we conducted continuous video-electroencephalographic recording until 90–100 d. TLE mice with bilateral MGE cell grafts in the DG had significantly fewer and milder electrographic seizures, compared with TLE controls. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the transplants contained multiple neuropeptide or calcium-binding protein-expressing interneuron types and these cells established dense terminal arborizations onto the somas, apical dendrites, and axon initial segments of dentate granule cells (GCs). A majority of the synaptic terminals formed by the transplanted cells were apposed to large postsynaptic clusters of gephyrin, indicative of mature inhibitory synaptic complexes. Functionality of these new inhibitory synapses was demonstrated by optogenetically activating VGAT-ChR2-EYFP-expressing transplanted neurons, which generated robust hyperpolarizations in GCs. These findings suggest that fetal GABAergic interneuron grafts may suppress pharmacoresistant seizures by enhancing synaptic inhibition in DG neural circuits

Results of the survey of the balance control system in USMU’s students

The article deals with the results of manual examination of postural disorders in statics and dynamics in students of USMU.В статье рассмотрены результаты мануального обследования постуральных нарушений в статике и динамике у студентов УГМУ

Влияние инокуляции клубней картофеля бактериями рода Bacillus на популяцию ризосферных микроорганизмов

Estimation of the effectiveness and potential mechanism of action of biological agents on various soil profiles and crops allows more accurate recommendations for their application, and ultimately leads to an increase in crop yields. In the article is researched the composition and structure of the soil microbial community during pre-planting inoculation of potato tubers of the Tuleevsky variety with strains of the g. Bacillus: B. thuringiensis ssp. morrisoni; B. thuringiensis sp. dacota; B. subtilis; B. liheniformis during 2019-2020 in the Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk, Educational and Production Facility «Sad Michurintsev» of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. The most effective strain was B. thuringiensis vs. dacota, which has a multilateral positive effect on soil microflora. The strongest effect on ammonifying bacteria was shown by B. thuringiensis vs. morrisoni. All bacterial strains inhibited the development of Fusarium and Penicillium fungi. Bacteria those assimilate the mineral nitrogen developed most actively during application of B. thuringiensis vs. dacota in 2019, and B. thuringiensis vs. morrisoni in 2020. Most of the strains had a positive effect on the group of cellulose-destroying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, but B. thuringiensis vs. dacota showed the highest stimulation of bacterial growth, while B. subtilis oppressed this group. Bacillus liheniformis strain showed antagonistic features against phytopatogens, which also represents a great potential interest for its use in crop production.Понимание эффективности и потенциального механизма действия биологических агентов на различных почвенных профилях и культурах позволяет дать более точные рекомендации по их применению и в конечном итоге приводит к увеличению урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур. В работе исследованы состав и структура микробного сообщества почвы при предпосадочной инокуляции клубней картофеля сорта Тулеевский штаммами рода Bacillus: B. thuringiensis ssp. morrisoni, B. thuringiensis ssp. dacota, B. subtilis, B. liheniformis в 2019–2020 гг. в Новосибирской области, УПХ «Сад мичуринцев» Новосибирского ГАУ. Наиболее эффективным штаммом оказался B. thuringiensis vs. dacota, оказывающий многостороннее положительное влияние на почвенную микрофлору. Наиболее сильный эффект на бактерии-аммонификаторы оказал штамм B. thuringiensis vs. morrisoni. Все бактериальные штаммы угнетали развитие грибов родов Fusarium и Penicillium. Бактерии, усваивающие минеральный азот, развивались активнее всего при применении B. thuringiensis vs. dacota в 2019 г., а B. thuringiensis vs. morrisoni – в 2020 г. На группу целлюлозоразрушающих и азотфиксирующих бактерий большинство штаммов оказали положительное действие, но самую высокую стимуляцию роста бактерий показал B. thuringiensis vs. dacota, а B. subtilis угнетал данную группу. Штамм Bacillus liheniformis проявил антагонистические свойства в отношении фитопатогенов, что также представляет большой потенциальный интерес для его использования в растениеводстве

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

The interrelationship between unemployment and indicators of socio-economic development

Unemployment is a complex socio-economic phenomenon in which a part of the economically active population does not have a job or income. Unemployment has negative socio-economic consequences, among which the main ones are: the growth of marginal population groups, the criminalization of society, the psychological depression of the unemployed is expressed by suicide, alcoholism, drug addiction, and as a result, a decrease in natural population growth and life expectancy. Such a complex and multifaceted phenomenon as unemployment depends not only on the economic indicators of the countries' development, but also on the indicators of the social development of societies. Therefore, the purpose of the work will be to identify the interrelationships of unemployment and socio-economic indicators of the countries' development. For the analysis, data was obtained from the open databases of 2 organizations "The World Bank" and "The Heritage Foundation". Based on this, 162 countries and 84 indicators of socio-economic development were selected. The data was prepared for modeling, the optimal number of clusters was determined. As a result of simulation, 9 different clusters were obtained. During the analysis of clustering results, it was found that countries with a higher index of economic freedom usually have a lower unemployment rate than countries with a lower level of economic freedom. The indicator of economic freedom is only a reflection of state policy at various levels: citizens' rights, judicial efficiency, tax policy, freedom of labor, business and investment, etc. Therefore, in order to reduce the unemployment rate in the country, it is necessary to introduce laws to prevent the improvement of judicial efficiency. It was also found that countries with a higher ratio of GDP per capita have a lower level of unemployment. A lower level of unemployment in countries is also observed with a lower percentage of the self-employed population. The self-employed population has less and less room for work due to new technologies and a very high entry threshold for many activities, such as production, distribution, etc. Positive migration is also interconnected with a decrease in unemployment. A lower unemployment rate is followed by lower loan rates. Lower interest rates on bank loans stimulate business to expand and develop. Along with the decrease in the percentage of the employed population in agriculture, the decrease in the percentage of unemployment in the country is followed. Rather, it is related to a more general and complex process of development of the industrial system of society and scientific and technical development. The presented results can be the basis for further research. For example, developing a factor analysis or building a regression or multifactor model for the countries of the same cluster

REGULATORY T CELLS IN CHILDREN WITH ALLERGY

Abstract. Percentage of CD4+CD25hi is increased in children with allergy, and it is independent on their nosology, severity, sensitization and IgE level in blood. FOXP3 expression virtually was not altered. Inhalation of corticosteroids in asthma causes increase of FOXP3 expression that may represent some mechanisms of their therapeutic effects. The amount of Treg’s gradually decrease with age in non-atopic children; they also decrease in atopic ones until 6 years, followed by their subsequent stabilization. Thus, a hypothesis is proposed, that the initial changes of Treg’s in case of allergy comprise a reduction in their functions, and, upon complete or partial compensation of this defect by increasing of cell amounts, a remission is initiated. However, in absence of compensation, acute attacks of allergic disorders are developed. (Med. Immunol., 2008, vol. 10, N 2-3, pp 159-166)