Function of KAI2 signaling in plant drought adaptation

Drought causes substantial reductions in crop yields worldwide. Therefore, we set out to identify new chemical and genetic factors that regulate drought resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Karrikins (KARs) are a class of butenolide compounds found in smoke that promote seed germination, and have been reported to improve seedling vigor under stressful growth conditions. Here, we discovered that mutations in KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), encoding the proposed karrikin receptor, result in hypersensitivity to water deprivation. We performed transcriptomic, physiological and biochemical analyses of kai2 plants to understand the basis for KAI2-regulated drought resistance. We found that kai2 mutants have increased rates of water loss and drought-induced cell membrane damage, enlarged stomatal apertures, and higher cuticular permeability. In addition, kai2 plants have reduced anthocyanin biosynthesis during drought, and are hyposensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) in stomatal closure and cotyledon opening assays. We identified genes that are likely associated with the observed physiological and biochemical changes through a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of kai2 under both well-watered and dehydration conditions. These data provide evidence for crosstalk between ABA- and KAI2-dependent signaling pathways in regulating plant responses to drought. A comparison of the strigolactone receptor mutant d14 (DWARF14) to kai2 indicated that strigolactones also contributes to plant drought adaptation, although not by affecting cuticle development. Our findings suggest that chemical or genetic manipulation of KAI2 and D14 signaling may provide novel ways to improve drought resistance

Bestiarios. Silva de varia invención

157 páginas.Con el título Bestiarios se pretende aludir a toda esa genealogía que, a lo largo de su presencia en la Tierra, el ser humano ha concebido como un extremo de lo que él mismo es: la bestia que medra en su sino más íntimo. David Hume (apunte de Luis Villoro) afirmaba que todo acto de ficción partía, necesariamente, de lo ya conocido por hombre o mujer, por mayor que fuera su extravagancia. Si imaginamos un cíclope, pongamos por caso, ese cíclope (más allá de las alegorías que pueda suscitarnos) tiene un ojo; y ese bestial ojo es algo que ya existe como ojo en la realidad. Los cuernos demoniacos son cuernos, así como sus patas de cabrío. La bestia es, pues, un extremo de la realidad conocida, y es en esos extremos donde se centran los autores del presente libro. Así pues, el libro cuenta con obras de la imaginación pictórica, la cual, conjuntada con la imaginación que provee el ensayo (especulación teórica y metódica) da como resultado un producto atractivo e interesante Un halago a la inteligencia abierta.Carlos Gómez Carro, coordinador; Guzo, ilustrador; Nicolás Amoroso y Maximino Javier, obra gráfica

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Centro de difusión cultural en San Fermín. Madrid [Hojas Resumen]

Centro de difusión cultural en San Fermín. Madri

Centro de difusión cultural en San Fermín. Madrid [Hojas Resumen]

Centro de difusión cultural en San Fermín. Madri

Functional and transcriptome analysis reveals an acclimatization strategy for abiotic stress tolerance mediated by Arabidopsis NF-YA family members.

Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) is a heterotrimeric complex formed by NF-YA/NF-YB/NF-YC subunits that binds to the CCAAT-box in eukaryotic promoters. In contrast to other organisms, in which a single gene encodes each subunit, in plants gene families of over 10 members encode each of the subunits. Here we report that five members of the Arabidopsis thaliana NF-YA family are strongly induced by several stress conditions via transcriptional and miR169-related post-transcriptional mechanisms. Overexpression of NF-YA2, 7 and 10 resulted in dwarf late-senescent plants with enhanced tolerance to several types of abiotic stress. These phenotypes are related to alterations in sucrose/starch balance and cell elongation observed in NF-YA overexpressing plants. The use of transcriptomic analysis of transgenic plants that express miR169-resistant versions of NF-YA2, 3, 7, and 10 under an estradiol inducible system, as well as a dominant-repressor version of NF-YA2 revealed a set of genes, whose promoters are enriched in NF-Y binding sites (CCAAT-box) and that may be directly regulated by the NF-Y complex. This analysis also suggests that NF-YAs could participate in modulating gene regulation through positive and negative mechanisms. We propose a model in which the increase in NF-YA transcript levels in response to abiotic stress is part of an adaptive response to adverse environmental conditions in which a reduction in plant growth rate plays a key role

Prescripción de psicofármacos en un hogar de asistencia social para adultos mayores de Tabasco, México

Objective: Evaluate psycho-drug prescriptions in users of a social assistance home for elderly people from Tabasco, Mexico. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study. In a universe of 84 users of a social assistance home for elderly people from Tabasco, Mexico, it determinated elderly proportion with psycho-drugs prescriptions, in whose was evaluate prescriptions quality compared these against pharmacopeia and national guidelines, classifying in adequate, inadequate a not-evaluable. It obtained descriptive statistic. Results: 84 aged, 43% females and 57% males, mean age 78,7, interval 60-97, median 79 and mode 76 years-old. Psycho-drugs prescription prevalence: 41,6%. Diagnosis prescriptions’ motives: depression 22,8%, cognitive deterioration 20,0%, Parkinson’s disease 17,1%, epilepsy 14,3%, Alzheimer’s disease 11,4%, others 14,4%. It found 68 psycho-drug prescriptions. Psycho-drugs prescribed: memantine 27,9%, risperidone 11,8%, fluoxetine 10,3%, other psycho-drugs 50,0%. Prescriptions’ quality: adequate 41,0%, inadequate 46,0%, not-evaluable 13,0%. Prescription errors: inadequates dose and duration 48,4%, inadequate dose 22,6%, other errors 29,0%. Conclusions: In this study, the psycho-drugs prescription prevalence if lower that reported in literature, and diagnosis prescription motives and psycho-drugs prescribed are different. Is possible that exist secondary and adverse effects to psycho-drugs, whose presence not was explored. Exist an important proportion of inadequate prescriptions. Educative and/or managerial interventions are required for to solve the identified problem.Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la prescripción de psicofármacos en usuarios de un hogar de asistencia social para adultos mayores de Tabasco, México. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal. En un universo de 84 usuarios de un hogar de asistencia social para adultos mayores de Tabasco, México, se determinó la proporción de adultos mayores con prescripción de psicofármacos, en quienes, comparando las prescripciones contra la farmacopea y las guías de práctica clínica nacionales vigentes, se evaluó la calidad de las prescripciones, que fueron clasificadas en adecuadas, inadecuadas y no evaluables. Se obtuvo estadística descriptiva. Resultados: 84 adultos mayores, 43% femeninos y 57% masculinos, edad media 78,7, intervalo 60-97, mediana 79 y moda 76 años. Prevalencia de prescripción de psicofármacos: 41,6%. Diagnósticos motivo de prescripción: depresión 22,8%, deterioro cognitivo 20,0%, enfermedad de Parkinson 17,1%, epilepsia 14,3%, enfermedad de Alzheimer 11,4%, otros 14,4%. Se encontraron 68 prescripciones de psicofármacos. Psicofármacos prescritos: memantina 27,9%, risperidona 11,8%, fluoxetina 10,3%, otros psicofármacos 50,0%. Calidad de las prescripciones: adecuada 41,0%, inadecuada 46,0%, no evaluable 13,0%. Errores de prescripción: dosis + duración inadecuadas 48,4%, dosis inadecuada 22,6%, otros errores 29,0%. Conclusión: En este estudio, la prevalencia de prescripción de psicofármacos es menor a la reportada en la literatura, y los diagnósticos motivos de prescripción y los psicofármacos prescritos son diferentes. Posiblemente existan efectos secundarios y adversos a los psicofármacos, cuya presencia no fue explorada. Existe una proporción importante de prescripciones inadecuadas. Se requieren intervenciones educativas y/o gerenciales para resolver el problema identificado

Hypothetical Molecular Model of NF-YA action mode.

<p>In WT plants growing under non-stress conditions, the expression of <i>NF-YAs</i> is low due miR169-mediated post-transcriptional down-regulation, but sufficient to activate the transcription of CCAAT-box containing promoters. Upon exposure to abiotic stress, <i>NF-YA</i> levels increase due to the transcriptional activation of <i>NF-YA</i> expression (early) and to the repression of miR169 (late). NF-YAs repress early general stress response genes sequestering NF-YB/NF-YC heterodimer avoiding its interaction probably with bZIPs, and on the other hand, participating in the late down-regulation of cell wall remodeling genes. This last step could be responsible of growth arrest mediated by these TFs when plants face for long time a stressful environment.</p

Plants overexpressing <i>NF-YA</i> display reduced N starvation induced senescence.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Photograph of WT, <i>P35S:NF-YA</i> and <i>P35S:miR169nm</i> plants grown for 2 weeks on N+ (N optimum) or N− (N limited) media under standard light/dark cycle. Bar = 10 mm. (<b>B</b>) Relative chlorophyll contents of WT and overexpressing plants grown on N contrasting conditions. Total chlorophyll content was measured, normalized per gram fresh weight of sample and used to calculate the relative content (expressed as a percent of the value for the same line growing on N optimum, set to 100%). Values are means and SD of three independent experiments. Statistically significant differences using the student t-test between WT and transgenic lines are indicated (*P<0.05, **P<0.01).</p