Stigma terhadap Gangguan Jiwa dan Kaitannya dengan Praktik Seksisme dalam Budaya Paternalistik Bali

Stigma toward mental illness is a complex construct incorporating personal, social, and structural. One of the social components that might significantly comprise stigma is the cultural aspect. Asian culture, generally, and Balinese culture, especially, is heavily embedded with the practice of paternalism which is a part of sexism. The practice of sexism as one form of discrimination might imply a high tendency to stigmatize people with mental illness. Therefore, it would be relevant to discuss the possible correlation between stigma and mental illness within the context of the predominant sexism-loaded paternalistic culture in Bali. This literature review covers several subtopics, including stigma and discrimination, sexism and its correlation with mental illness, and cultural aspects that might influence stigma concluded with recommendations for culturally sensitive mental health practice

Competitiveness and Individualism-Collectivism in Bali and the U.S.

Competitiveness is an important individual difference variable that influences behavior across a range of social domains; however, surprisingly few studies have examined competitiveness from a cross-cultural perspective. This study examined the relationship betweendifferent aspects of competitiveness and individualism-collectivism as individual difference variables in two cultures by comparing Balinese (n = 104) and American (n = 124) undergraduate college students. The results indicated that healthy competitiveness was positively related to collectivism for both Balinese and American students; however, unhealthy competitiveness or hypercompetitiveness was only negatively related to collectivism for Balinese students

Concern with COVID-19 pandemic threat and attitudes towards immigrants: The mediating effect of the desire for tightness

Tightening social norms is thought to be adaptive for dealing with collective threat yet it may have negative consequences for increasing prejudice. The present research investigated the role of desire for cultural tightness, triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, in increasing negative attitudes towards immigrants. We used participant-level data from 41 countries (N = 55,015) collected as part of the PsyCorona project, a crossnational longitudinal study on responses to COVID-19. Our predictions were tested through multilevel and SEM models, treating participants as nested within countries. Results showed that people’s concern with COVID19 threat was related to greater desire for tightness which, in turn, was linked to more negative attitudes towards immigrants. These findings were followed up with a longitudinal model (N = 2,349) which also showed that people’s heightened concern with COVID-19 in an earlier stage of the pandemic was associated with an increase in their desire for tightness and negative attitudes towards immigrants later in time. Our findings offer insight into the trade-offs that tightening social norms under collective threat has for human groups

Trust in government regarding COVID-19 and its associations with preventive health behaviour and prosocial behaviour during the pandemic: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Background. The effective implementation of government policies and measures for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires compliance from the public. This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of trust ingovernment regarding COVID-19 control with the adoption of recommended health behaviours and prosocial behaviours, and potential determinants of trust in government duringthe pandemic.Methods. This study analysed data from the PsyCorona Survey, an international project onCOVID-19 that included 23 733 participants from 23 countries (representative in age andgender distributions by country) at baseline survey and 7785 participants who also completedfollow-up surveys. Specification curve analysis was used to examine concurrent associationsbetween trust in government and self-reported behaviours. We further used structural equation model to explore potential determinants of trust in government. Multilevel linear regressions were used to examine associations between baseline trust and longitudinal behavioural changes.Results. Higher trust in government regarding COVID-19 control was significantly associatedwith higher adoption of health behaviours (handwashing, avoiding crowded space, self-quarantine) and prosocial behaviours in specification curve analyses (median standardised β =0.173 and 0.229, p < 0.001). Government perceived as well organised, disseminating clear messages and knowledge on COVID-19, and perceived fairness were positively associated withtrust in government (standardised β = 0.358, 0.230, 0.056, and 0.249, p < 0.01). Higher trustat baseline survey was significantly associated with lower rate of decline in health behavioursover time ( p for interaction = 0.001).Conclusions. These results highlighted the importance of trust in government in the control of Covid-19

COVID-19 stressors and health behaviors. A multilevel longitudinal study across 86 countries

Anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and home confinement has been associated with adverse health behaviors, such as unhealthy eating, smoking, and drinking. However, most studies have been limited by regional sampling, which precludes the examination of behavioral consequences associated with the pandemic at a global level. Further, few studies operationalized pandemic-related stressors to enable the investigation of the impact of different types of stressors on health outcomes. This study examined the association between perceived risk of COVID-19 infection and economic burden of COVID-19 with health-promoting and health-damaging behaviors using data from the PsyCorona Study: an international, longitudinal online study of psychological and behavioral correlates of COVID-19. Analyses utilized data from 7,402 participants from 86 countries across three waves of assessment between May 16 and June 13, 2020. Participants completed self-report measures of COVID-19 infection risk, COVID-19-related economic burden, physical exercise, diet quality, cigarette smoking, sleep quality, and binge drinking. Multilevel structural equation modeling analyses showed that across three time points, perceived economic burden was associated with reduced diet quality and sleep quality, as well as increased smoking. Diet quality and sleep quality were lowest among respondents who perceived high COVID-19 infection risk combined with high economic burden. Neither binge drinking nor exercise were associated with perceived COVID-19 infection risk, economic burden, or their interaction. Findings point to the value of developing interventions to address COVID-related stressors, which have an impact on health behaviors that, in turn, may 111 influence vulnerability to COVID-19 and other health outcomes

Pedofil: Penghancur masa depan anak

Jakartaxv, 59 p.: bibl.; 17 c

Neuropsychiatric factor and polymorphism gene in internet addiction

Internet addiction (IA) has been described as ‘excessive or poorly controlled preoccupation, urges, or behaviors regarding computer use and internet access that lead to impairment or distress. Excessive internet user has emerged as a leading cause of behavioral and developmental problems in adolescents. There are several factors that influence the occurrence of internet addiction. The risk factors can be categorized by a social factor, psychiatric factor and biological factor. Some studies have found varied results. Molecular and functional imaging techniques have been increasingly used for the analysis of neurobiological changes and neurochemical correlates of IA. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) studies demonstrate that structural changes in the frontal cortex are associated with functional abnormalities in Internet-addicted subjects. Recent research has implicated the role of the striatal dopaminergic system in the behavioral maladaptation associated with IA. It provided evidence for a molecular genetic link between serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission and Internet addiction like dopamine polymorphism the DRD2/ANKKI Taq Ia and COMT Val158metpolymorphism &nbsp;and the gene coding for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 4 (CHRNA4). As both the genetic and personality traits are known to play a role in other addiction it is likely that same mechanism (biopsychosocial) underlie Internet addiction

The Potency of Tryptophan Compound in a Combination of Bali Green Banana (

The Bali green banana is commonly given as additional food for babies and the elderly, because of its high nutritional value and safe for digestion. While Java pineapple which is familiar as “nanas madu” has a sweet taste and is rich in an active compound associated with mood. A previous study found that adult people with and without intermittent explosive disorder with lowered serotonin bioavailability tend to selfaggressive behavior. Tryptophan depletion causing low serotonin precursor is associated with aggressive behavior. Adequate intake of tryptophan sourced from fruits is needed for physiological mechanisms, especially in the serotonergic system. The efficacy of antioxidant content in Java pineapples (Ananas comosus L. Merr) combined with tryptophan compound in Bali green banana (Musa acuminata Colla) has the potential to suppress an aggressive behavior through the serotonergic system homeostasis mechanism. This study aimed to find the tryptophan compound in an extract of Bali green banana which is a combination with Java pineapple. Methods: tryptophan compounds in this simplicia extract were analyzed by the Highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Result: the extract of Bali green banana Bali combined with Java pineapple showed the tryptophan content was 0.316 mg/100gr simplicia. Conclusion: an extract of Bali green banana combined with Java pineapple contains 0.316 percent tryptophan. This combination of compounds has the potential as a new combination of natural sources of suppressive self-aggressive behavior