Heat Stress: A Critical Medical Condition – The Key Role of Emergency Medical Services in Managing the Case

Heat stress is a critical and potentially life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the body’s thermoregulatory mechanisms fail to dissipate excessive heat, resulting in elevated core body temperature and systemic dysfunction. This paper explores heat stress as a medical emergency, highlighting its pathophysiology, epidemiological trends, and the essential role of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in early recognition, prehospital management, and coordination of care. The study synthesizes current evidence from international health authorities, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH), to establish a comprehensive understanding of heat-related illness management. It emphasizes the integration of EMS systems in Saudi Arabia, where environmental heat exposure and mass gatherings present unique challenges. The findings underscore the importance of timely field cooling, rapid transport, and continuous training for EMS personnel to mitigate morbidity and mortality associated with heat emergencie

Excessive Q-Angle and its association with sports injury risk: A literature review

Background: The quadriceps angle (Q-angle) is an anatomical parameter reflecting lower extremity alignment and knee biomechanics. Abnormal or excessive Q-angle has been proposed as an intrinsic risk factor for sports-related injuries, particularly involving the knee joint. Objective: This review aimed to summarize current evidence regarding the association between Q-angle and the risk of sports-related injuries in athletes and physically active individuals. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were identified using relevant keywords related to Q-angle, injury risk, and sport. Original research and review articles involving human participants were included and analyzed descriptively. Results: Most studies reported that increased and abnormal Q-angle values are associated with altered lower extremity alignment, increased patellofemoral stress, impaired patellar tracking, and a greater tendency toward dynamic knee valgus. These biomechanical alterations were linked to a higher risk of patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome, patellar instability, and knee ligament injuries. Higher and asymmetric Q-angle values were more frequently observed in female athletes and in sports involving repetitive and high-impact movements. Conclusion: Excessive Q-angle appears to be an important anatomical factor associated with increased lower extremity injury risk.&nbsp

Comprehensive theraphy for adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depression reaction in post debridement transhumeral amputation ec crush injury right arm patient’s: A case report

Adjustment Disorder with Mixed Anxiety and Depression Reaction in Post Debridement Transhumeral Amputation ec Crush Injury Right Arm is a debilitating condition that significantly impairs daily functioning and quality of life. Comprehensive therapy in a multidisciplinary team is vital for the patient. Supportive psychotherapy is an evidence-based intervention known for its efficacy in treating anxiety-related disorders. This case report presents the treatment process and outcomes of a male patient diagnosed with adjustment disorder and Post-Transhumeral Amputation. The patient underwent physical rehabilitation, such as physiotherapy ultrasound on the right shoulder, Range of Movement (ROM) exercises, strengthening the periscapular muscles, right rotator cuff, and sensory desensitization, evaluating after 2 weeks of therapy, and evaluating the need for prosthesis if the shoulder condition is optimal. The treatment goal for improving functional shoulder ROM, independent Activity Daily Living (ADL) with the left hand. pharmacological therapy is given, supportive psychotherapy to the patient and the family is given, psychoeducation about the psychological impact, and it is very important to accompany the patient as they undergo the process of further medical physical rehabilitation therapy, and supporting the patient in the future

The effect of turmeric tamarind drink on pain scale changes in 12th grade female students at Fahd Islamic School Health Vocational High School with primary dysmenorrhea

Each woman experiences menstruation differently. Some undergo menstruation without complaints, while others face discomfort, including dysmenorrhea. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The subjects were divided into two groups: the treatment group and the control group, with both groups undergoing pretest and posttest evaluations. The data collection was conducted at SMK Kesehatan Fahd Islamic School during the 2023 period. A total of 32 female students participated in the study, with 16 students assigned to the treatment group and 16 to the control group. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The instruments included a general data sheet and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain measurement. The general data sheet contained information such as age, age at menarche, menstrual dates, duration of menstruation, menstrual pain, pain duration, family health history, and therapies used. The reliability test results showed a coefficient of 0.820 for the knowledge questionnaire and 0.785 for the attitude questionnaire, indicating that the instruments were reliable. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (p ? 0.05) with SPSS 16 software at a significance level of ? = 0.05.&nbsp

Antenatal ultrasonographic detection of a rare intrauterine unilateral renal mass: A case of Congenital Wilms' Tumor

Congenital Wilms’ tumor is an exceptionally rare variant of nephroblastoma, diagnosed either in utero or within the first 30 days of life. Its clinical presentation and biological behavior may differ from the typical pediatric form, requiring a specialized approach to diagnosis and treatment. We present a case of a full-term newborn with a unilateral congenital Wilms’ tumor, initially detected during prenatal ultrasonography as an abdominal mass. Postnatal evaluations, including contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and laboratory studies, confirmed the presence of a renal tumor confined to the left kidney. The patient underwent surgical resection via nephrectomy on day seven of life. Histopathological examination revealed Wilms’ tumor stage II based on surgical and pathological findings. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was started on adjuvant chemotherapy according to pediatric oncology protocols. This case underscores the value of early prenatal detection, multidisciplinary management, and individualized therapeutic planning in achieving favorable outcomes for neonates with congenital Wilms’ tumor

The impact of gait disorders on executive functions in neurological patients: A literature review

This is a literature review covering the intricate and two-way association between gait disorders and executive functioning deficits in individuals with neurological disorders. The review begins by defining executive functions, followed by a discussion of its fundamental components (inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility), and finally, the neural foundation of EF is outlined, focusing on the frontal lobes and related brain networks. A typology of neurological gait disorders (e.g., Parkinsonian, hemiplegic, ataxic) is then described, which is then correlated with their respective etiologies. The cognitive-motor interference model of gait-executive functions interaction and the shared neural resource theories are explored as frameworks explaining the phenomenon, and the dual-task paradigm as a methodological instrument is considered specifically. In the review, the authors examined how this interaction manifests in neurological diseases, including Parkinson's, stroke, and multiple sclerosis, and noted the peculiarities and mechanisms in each instance. Lastly, the clinical implications of this interaction on everyday functioning, risk of falls, and quality of life are addressed, along with what they mean regarding rehabilitation approaches, with a particular focus on integrated motor-cognitive interventions, including dual-task training and novel technologies (e.g., exergaming, virtual reality).

Photoprotective effects of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera) extract on UV-B–exposed skin: A systematic review

Background: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and extracellular matrix degradation in skin tissues, primarily through the upregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and the reduction of type I collagen density. Moringa oleifera leaf extract contains abundant phenolic and flavonoid compounds, demonstrating strong antioxidant and photoprotective potential. Objective: To systematically evaluate experimental and clinical evidence on the photoprotective effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against UVB-induced skin damage. Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2010–2024). Eligible studies included in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research evaluating MMP-1 expression, collagen density, antioxidant biomarkers, or SPF using Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 (clinical), SYRCLE (animal), and an adapted ToxRTool framework (in vitro). Results: Of 167 records screened, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. One human clinical trial reported improved skin elasticity (R2 ? increased by 18.6%) and firmness (R5 ? increased by 24.5%) following the application of a 3% Moringa cream. In vitro studies demonstrated SPF values of 22–23 and strong antioxidant activity (IC?? 47–58 µg/mL). In vivo data showed significant enhancement of endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, TAC) and reduction of lipid peroxidation (MDA).&nbsp

Autism and its impact on school development

This article investigates the influence of autism on school development, addressing both the challenges and opportunities that Autism presents in the field of academic performance and the relevance of the interaction between education. Through a theoretical review and qualitative research, the characteristics of autism and its effect on teachers and families are examined to promote inclusion. The main objective is to analyze the influence of autism on school development, identifying the challenges that students face and intervention strategies that promote their inclusion and academic performance. The methodology used included semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and analysis of school documents, which made it possible to comprehensively capture the experiences and needs of the different actors involved. The results reveal that, although ASD brings with it difficulties in communication, socialization, and curricular adaptation, the implementation of inclusive pedagogical strategies, such as Universal Design for Learning, together with strengthening communication between home and school, can significantly improve the integration and academic performance of students with autism. In addition, recommendations are presented aimed at teacher training, the adaptation of resources, and the personalization of learning, with the aim of optimizing the educational environment for this population

New technologies in health sustainability in vulnerable areas inspired by the qualities of bees

The distribution of medicines in rural, isolated, or disaster-affected areas represents one of the logistical challenges facing healthcare systems. In response to this problem, an initiative based on the development of bee-inspired drones is proposed. The objective is to create an efficient, autonomous, and sustainable medical transport network within the healthcare system. Methodologies used included a literature review, qualitative analysis, and deductive research. The results show that these medical pollinating drones will combine advanced technology with biological design principles, offering an innovative solution to improve access to vital treatments and supplie

The effect of individualized sensory retraining on the rehabilitation of adults with functional neurological disorders: An unexplored field in physical therapy practice

The purpose of this article is to introduce a new integrated model of physical therapy in managing adults with Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), which is a disabling, common health issue with no form of standardized treatment. The approach includes integrating incongruent lines of evidence through adopting a complete synthesis of the qualitative research of the lived experience of the patient, neurobiological research on sensory perception, and clinical research regarding physical and mental therapy. The primary results of this synthesis argument lead to a paradigm shift towards the participatory model of sensory retraining that rejects pure motor-based rehabilitation. This model is constructed on the base of co-creation, in which the patient-narrative construction and subjective state are the central sequences in creating a treatment alliance and the improvement of treatment compliance. The main ones are the introduction of affordably individualized classical sensory retraining focused on retraining the central nervous system-interpretation, the use of a personalized dental, or sensory diet to enhance self-regulation, and the introduction of what we call the sensory mindfulness to uncouple painful sensations with maladaptive/ unresponsive movements/dissociation reactions.