La ODA como estrategia pedag?gica para fortalecer la comprensi?n lectora, en los estudiantes de grado s?ptimo de la instituci?n educativa departamental Gustavo Uribe Ram?rez, ubicada en el municipio de Granada Cundinamarca

184 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl presente proyecto de intervenci?n tiene como objetivo utilizar el subg?nero l?rico de la Oda como estrategia pedag?gica para fortalecer la comprensi?n lectora en estudiantes del grado s?ptimo de la INSTITUCI?N EDUCATIVA DEPARTAMENTAL GUSTAVO URIBE RAM?REZ, ubicada en el municipio de Granada Cundinamarca. Esta l?nea de acci?n surge de la observaci?n y an?lisis realizado, donde se identific? como problem?tica principal que el estudianteno entiende lo que lee, en consecuencia, no es capaz de comprender la tem?tica del texto, adem?s las estrategias del docente son poco llamativas. Metodol?gicamente esta investigaci?n se enmarca dentro del paradigma cualitativo, teniendo como base la IAP (investigaci?n acci?n participativa), debido a que el proceso ense?anza aprendizaje de la lectura significa el hecho de intercambiar y capturar experiencias en el lenguaje de los propios individuos, cu?les son susintereses y qu? implica el comprender la situaci?n y las condiciones del investigado. Para determinar la problem?tica y siguiendo la metodolog?a investigativa se llev? un proceso secuencial que permiti? obtener informaci?n: el Diario de campo dio vista global, el estudio de caso estableci? problem?ticas generales, la entrevista ampli? la magnitud del problema y el grupo focal determin? la falencia a fortalecer. El uso del subg?nero l?rico de la Oda es unametodolog?a innovadora; es un tipo de texto que requiere de una lectura inferencial para determinar el verdadero sentido de lo que est? plasmado, adem?s por su gran variedad de tem?ticas, contextos y estilos, permite el trabajo din?mico mediante nuevas estrategias que logran captar la atenci?n del estudiante. Palabras clave:Oda, poes?a, comprensi?n lectora, l?rica, pedagog?a, IAP, intervenci?n, interacci?n, comunicaci?n, lectura, educaci?n, estrategia.The present project of intervention has as aim use the lyric subkind of the Ode as pedagogic strategy to strengthen the reading comprehension in students of the seventh degree of the EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENTAL INSTITUTION GUSTAVO URIBE RAMIREZ, located in the municipality of Granada Cundinamarca. This line of action arises from the observation and realized analysis, where there was identified as principal problematic that the student does not understand what he reads, in consequence, is not capable of understanding the subject matter of the text, in addition the slightly showy strategies of the educational sound. Methodologically this investigation places inside the qualitative paradigm, having as base the IAP (investigation participative action), due to the fact that the process education learning of the reading means the fact of exchanging and capturing experiences in the language of the own individuals, which are his interests and what implies understanding the situation and the conditions of the investigated one. To determine the problematic and following the methodology investigative one took a sequential process that allowed obtaining information: the Field diary gave global sight, the study of case established problematic personal details, the interview extended the magnitude of the problem and the focal group determined the failing to strengthen The use of the lyric subkind of the Ode is an innovative methodology; it is a type of text that it needs of a reading inferential to determine the real sense of what is formed, in addition for his great variety of subject matters, contexts and styles, allows the dynamic work by means of new strategies that manage to catch the attention of the student. Keywords: Ode, poetry, reading, lyric comprehension, pedagogy, IAP, intervention, interaction, communication, reading, education, strategy

TOR as a regulatory target in Rhipicephalus microplus embryogenesis

Embryogenesis is a metabolically intensive process carried out under tightly controlled conditions. The insulin signaling pathway regulates glucose homeostasis and is essential for reproduction in metazoan model species. Three key targets are part of this signaling pathway: protein kinase B (PKB, or AKT), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and target of rapamycin (TOR). While the role of AKT and GSK-3 has been investigated during tick embryonic development, the role of TOR remains unknown. In this study, TOR and two other downstream effectors, namely S6 kinase (S6K) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), were investigated in in vitro studies using the tick embryonic cell line BME26. First, we show that exogenous insulin can stimulate TOR transcription. Second, TOR chemical inhibition led to a decrease in BME26 cell viability, loss of membrane integrity, and downregulation of S6K and 4E-BP1 transcription. Conversely, treating BME26 cells with chemical inhibitors of AKT or GSK-3 did not affect S6K and 4E-BP1 transcription, showing that TOR is specifically required to activate its downstream targets. To address the role of TOR in tick reproduction, in vivo studies were performed. Analysis of relative transcription during different stages of tick embryonic development showed different levels of transcription for TOR, and a maternal deposition of S6K and 4E-BP1 transcripts. Injection of TOR double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into partially fed females led to a slight delay in oviposition, an atypical egg external morphology, decreased vitellin content in eggs, and decreased larval hatching. Taken together, our data show that the TOR signaling pathway is important for tick reproduction, that TOR acts as a regulatory target in Rhipicephalus microplus embryogenesis and represents a promising target for the development of compounds for tick control

Oxazole Dyes With Potential For Photoluminescence Bioprobes: A Two-Photon Absorption Study

In this work, six π-conjugated oxazole compounds dissolved in dichloromethane were characterized with linear and nonlinear optical measurements. Z-scan with femtosecond laser pulses was employed to determine the two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra. Other photophysical parameters, such as absorbance, solvatochromism, lifetime fluorescence, and fluorescence anisotropy, were evaluated with linear optical techniques. The experimental TPA cross section spectra were adjusted by the sum-over-states (SOS) model, by which important parameters such as transition dipole moments and broadening parameters were determined. To better understand the TPA spectra of the oxazole compounds, quantum-chemical calculations using the response function formalism and the density functional theory level of theory were performed. Using the results provided by the quantum-chemical calculations and the broadening parameters estimated through the application of the SOS model, the TPA spectra were simulated by the superposition (summation) of individual homogeneous Lorentzian absorption profiles

The modulation of the symbiont/host interaction between wolbachia pipientis and aedes fluviatilis embryos by glycogen metabolism

Wolbachia pipientis, a maternally transmitted bacterium that colonizes arthropods, may affect the general aspects of insect physiology, particularly reproduction. Wolbachia is a natural endosymbiont of Aedes fluviatilis, whose effects in embryogenesis and reproduction have not been addressed so far. In this context, we investigated the correlation between glucose metabolism and morphological alterations during A. fluviatilis embryo development in Wolbachia-positive (W+) and Wolbachia-negative (W2) mosquito strains. While both strains do not display significant morphological and larval hatching differences, larger differences were observed in hexokinase activity and glycogen contents during early and mid-stages of embryogenesis, respectively. To investigate if glycogen would be required for parasite-host interaction, we reduced Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) levels in adult females and their eggs by RNAi. GSK-3 knock-down leads to embryonic lethality, lower levels of glycogen and total protein and Wolbachia reduction. Therefore, our results suggest that the relationship between A. fluviatilis and Wolbachia may be modulated by glycogen metabolism

Experiencias adversas y protectoras durante el desarrollo temprano: Un modelo transaccional de mecanismos psicobiológicos

Despite the empirical evidence on the important role of early adverse experiences in physical and mental health of the last three decades, some confusion about concepts still persists concerning the complex relationship between adversity, stress, and trauma. Conceptual advances are needed favoring an approach from primary, secondary, and tertiary health models. In line with this, the main goal of the present paper is to develop a transactional synthesis of the existing relationship between early adversity, stress system, trauma and attachment system, involved neurobiological mechanisms, as well as their consequences and challenges for mental health during development and later life. Using the narrative revision method, fundamental literature will be suggested and critically discussed in a selective way. We propose that a transactional and multilevel approach is useful to highlight the possibilities that emerge from analyzing the continuum between protective factors, adversity, and trauma, emphasizing the complex structure of their connections with trauma psychobiology.Pese a la evidencia empírica del importante papel de las experiencias adversas tempranas sobre la salud física y mental en las tres últimas décadas, todavía persisten algunas confusiones conceptuales en la compleja relación entre adversidad, estrés y trauma. Avances conceptuales son necesarios a favor de un abordaje desde los modelos primarios, secundarios y terciarios para la salud. En línea con ello, el objetivo principal del presente artículo es desarrollar una síntesis transaccional de la relación existente entre adversidad temprana, sistema de estrés, trauma y sistema de apego, los mecanismos neurobiológicos implicados, así como sus consecuencias y desafíos para la salud mental durante el desarrollo y la vida. Utilizando la metodología de revisión narrativa, se propondrá y discutirá críticamente literatura fundamental de manera selectiva. Se propone que una aproximación transaccional y multinivel logra resaltar las posibilidades que emergen de profundizar sobre el continuo entre factores protectores, adversidad y trauma, resaltando el complejo entramado de sus conexiones con la psicobiología del trauma

Atherosclerosis and Bone Loss in Humans–Results From Deceased Donors and From Patients Submitted to Carotid Endarterectomy

Funding: We wish to thank all the collaborators (administrative staff, nurses, etc.) of the surgery block, as well as the doctors of the vascular surgery and transplantation departments of the Hospital of Santa Maria for the availability and assistance in the collection of the samples. We also thank Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia for funding with two fellowships: Fundo de Apoio à Investigação 2014 and SPR/MSD 2015. DC-F received funding from a PhD grant from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/80940/2011).Background and Aims: Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis share common risk factors, as well as inflammatory mechanisms. Our aim was to understand how atherosclerotic lesions are related with disturbances in bone. Methods: Gene expression of pro-inflammatory and bone metabolism related proteins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF, RANKL, OPG, COL1, CTSK, OCL, TRAP, CBFA1, DKK1, SOST, ADIPOQ, and ADIPOR1) were analyzed in arteries and bones from 45 deceased donors and adipose tissue was used as control. Additionally, in 139 patients with advanced atherosclerosis submitted to carotid endarterectomy we compared calcium content (Alizarin red) and plaque inflammatory scores (CD3+, CD68+, and adiponectin) of patients with normal bone mineral density (BMD) with those with low BMD and explored the associations between gene expression in atherosclerotic plaques and BMD. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory and bone related proteins were measured both in donors and patients. Associations were investigated by the Pearson or Spearman correlation tests, and multivariate regression analyzes were performed when justified. Results: Gene expression of bone remodeling and pro-inflammatory proteins correlated positively in bone and aorta, independently of age and sex of donors, but not in adipose tissue. The expression of bone formation genes was significantly higher in atheroma plaques from endarterectomized patients with normal vs. low BMD as well as inflammatory CD68+ scores, regardless of patients' age and sex, but not of body mass index. No relationship was observed between serum levels and gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory or bone remodeling proteins. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the relationship between bones and vessels in the context of atherosclerotic disease and osteoporosis may rely on the intrinsic connection between the tissues involved, independently of disease stage. Serum measurements of pro-inflammatory and bone-remodeling proteins do not accurately translate tissue pathologic processes.publishersversionpublishe

Observation of Pulsed Gamma-rays Above 25 GeV from the Crab Pulsar with MAGIC

One fundamental question about pulsars concerns the mechanism of their pulsed electromagnetic emission. Measuring the high-end region of a pulsar's spectrum would shed light on this question. By developing a new electronic trigger, we lowered the threshold of the Major Atmospheric gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescope to 25 GeV. In this configuration, we detected pulsed gamma-rays from the Crab pulsar that were greater than 25 GeV, revealing a relatively high cutoff energy in the phase-averaged spectrum. This indicates that the emission occurs far out in the magnetosphere, hence excluding the polar-cap scenario as a possible explanation of our measurement. The high cutoff energy also challenges the slot-gap scenario.Comment: Slight modification of the analysis: Fitting a more general function to the combined data set of COMPTEL, EGRET and MAGIC. Final result and conclusion is unchange

First bounds on the high-energy emission from isolated Wolf-Rayet binary systems

High-energy gamma-ray emission is theoretically expected to arise in tight binary star systems (with high mass loss and high velocity winds), although the evidence of this relationship has proven to be elusive so far. Here we present the first bounds on this putative emission from isolated Wolf-Rayet (WR) star binaries, WR 147 and WR 146, obtained from observations with the MAGIC telescope.Comment: (Authors are the MAGIC Collaboration.) Manuscript in press at The Astrophysical Journal Letter

Genotyping of polymorphisms associated with male-sterility systems in onion accessions adapted for cultivation in Brazil

A produção em escala comercial de sementes híbridas de cebola (Allium cepa) tem sido conduzida com o emprego de dois sistemas de macho-esterilidade do tipo genética-citoplasmática (CMS-S e CMS-T) em associação ao citoplasma normal (macho-fértil). No entanto, a análise molecular desses diferentes tipos citoplasmáticos ainda não está disponível para um grande número de acessos de cebola adaptados para cultivo em regiões tropicais. Além de adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas do Brasil, muitos desses acessos apresentam tolerância a doenças, sendo de potencial valor como genitores de híbridos. O presente trabalho visou identificar os tipos citoplasmáticos de acessos de cebola de diferentes grupos morfoagronômicos de interesse para o melhoramento genético no Brasil, usando a reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR) com 'primers' específicos para regiões polimórficas do genoma mitocondrial de cebola. Foi observada, nos 66 acessos amostrados, a presença dos três principais tipos de citoplasma descritos para cebola (S, N e T). Foi constatada maior frequência do citoplasma S (56%) seguido do citoplasma T (25,8%). Em 18,2% das amostras, foi encontrado exclusivamente o citoplasma N. Essa caracterização pode ser útil para guiar a escolha de materiais genéticos dentro dos programas de melhoramento com objetivo de desenvolver cultivares híbridas adaptadas às condições tropicais