O UNIVERSO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS: MARCO TEÓRICO, APLICAÇÃO PELA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS E PELO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL

SUMÁRIO: 1. Introdução. 2. Metodologia e Marco Teórico: 2.1. Metodologia. 2.2. Marco Teórico: 2.2.1. Ronald Dworkin. 2.2.2. Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade. 2.2.3. Flávia Piovesan. 3. Direitos Humanos: Conceito e Breve Percurso Histórico: 3. 1. Conceito. 3. 2. Breve Percurso Histórico. 4. A Questão da Efetividade: 4. 1. Noções Pontuais. 4. 2. A Divergência sobre o Caso da Possibilidade da Prisão Civil do Depositário Infiel. 4. 3. A Polêmica Possibilidade de Revisão da Lei de Anistia. 5. Conclusão. 6. Bibliografia

Spatial variability of physical and chemical attributes of some forest soils in southeastern of Brazil

Capão Bonito forest soils, São Paulo state, Brazil, have been used for forestry purposes for almost one century. Detailed knowledge about the distribution of soil attributes over the landscape is of fundamental importance for proper management of natural resources. The purpose of this study was to identify the variability and spatial dependence of chemical and physical attributes of Capão Bonito forest soils. A large soil database of regional land was raised and organized. Most of the selected variables were close to the lognormal frequency range. Soil texture presented a higher range in the A horizon, and the nugget effect and sill were greater in the B horizon. These differences are attributed to the parent material of the region (Itararé Geologic Formation), which presents uneven distribution of sediments. Chemical attributes related to soil fertility presented a higher spatial dependence range in the B horizon, probably as a result of more intensive management and erosion history of the superficial soil layer. Maps for some attributes were interpolated. These had specific areas of occurrence and a wide distribution along the perimeter of the Capão Bonito District Forest, allowing a future site-specific soil management

Disponibilidade de alimento e abundância de Ortalis canicollis durante a estação seca em matas no Pantanal Sul, Brasil

Frugivorous birds may respond to the seasonal variation of food resources either by temporarily changing their diet and/or by moving between areas with different spatial-temporal fruit availability. The Pantanal is a highly suitable ecosystem for evaluating both of these strategies, due to the seasonal availability of plant food resources in sites such as forest patches and gallery forest. In the present study, we investigated the abundance and the feeding habits of Ortalis canicollis (Wagler, 1830) during the dry season in two habitat types in the Southern Pantanal. The study was carried out between April and November 2002. We sampled the availability of fruits and flowers of nine tree species (149 individuals). The monthly abundance of O. canicollis was evaluated by means of an abundance index (15 points per environment), and food consumption was recorded through direct observation. In both environments, flowers were more abundant from the middle to end of the dry season. However, in the gallery forest fruits predominated from the beginning to the middle of the dry season, while they were often produced in the forest patches during the dry season. In both areas, O. canicollis occurred throughout the entire study. The local variations of O. canicollis abundance potentially resulted from the availability of their food resources because oscillations in O. canicollis food resources use overlapped both the fruiting and flowering patterns in both sites. The generalist feeding habits of O. canicollis, at least in part, may explain their persistence in forest habitats of southern Pantanal in the harshest period of the year.Key words: Chaco chachalaca, birds, cracidae, phenology, frugivory.Aves frugívoras podem responder à sazonalidade do recurso alimentar alterando sua dieta e/ou se deslocando entre áreas com diferentes disponibilidades espaço-temporais do recurso. Essa resposta pode ser bem avaliada no Pantanal, onde ocorrem ambientes que se diferenciam quanto à disponibilidade sazonal de recursos vegetais (e.g. matas ciliares e capões de mata). Neste estudo, avaliamos a variação na abundância de Ortalis canicollis (Wagler, 1830) e o consumo de flores e frutos durante o período de maior escassez de alimento (estação seca) em dois ambientes do Pantanal Sul. Desenvolvemos este estudo em áreas de mata ciliar e de capões entre abril e novembro de 2002. Amostramos a disponibilidade de frutos e flores em nove espécies arbóreas (149 indivíduos). Avaliamos a abundância mensal de O. canicollis através do índice pontual de abundância (15 pontos por ambiente) e registramos o consumo de frutos e flores através de observação direta. Flores foram mais abundantes entre o meio e o fim da estação seca nos dois ambientes, enquanto frutos predominaram entre o início e o meio da seca na mata ciliar, porém, a oferta foi praticamente constante em capões. As variações na abundância local de O. canicollis, em princípio, ocorreram em resposta à oferta de flores e/ou frutos, uma vez que, em certa extensão, as flutuações tanto na abundância quanto na intensidade de consumo de recurso alimentar pela ave coincidiram com picos de produção de frutos e flores. Os hábitos alimentares generalistas de O. canicollis, pelo menos em parte, explicam sua permanência nos ambientes florestais do Pantanal sul no período mais rigoroso do ano.Palavras-chave: Aracuã, aves, cracidae, fenologia, frugivoria

BRAZILIAN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON INFORMATION SECURITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW

An extensive literature review on the organizational culture in Brazil is presented and compared to the information security culture, in the past decade. This article is provided scholars with a new perspective and taxonomy on the case study analysis, and implications of these findings are discussed, as part of the master’s thesis from one of the authors (Vieira, 2008). Recommendations for future investigation and discussion compile the present work

Finite Element Modal Analysis of Transient Water Flow in Aquifers

In this paper a modal superposition method is applied for the numerical modeling of aquifers. The proximity of aquifers to populated regions requires special care in their management to avoid problems that affect the quantity and quality of the water they supply. To contribute to the management of this type of natural resource, we propose a numerical strategy based on modal analysis using the finite element method. This procedure assist water production scenarios, performing the mass balance where water extraction is done through wells, in aquifers that are subject to natural recharge. This mathematical procedure is based on the modal superposition for transient flow in porous media. To evaluate its efficiency, this strategy was compared with the classical finite element method. The advantage of the proposed method resides in the possibility of reusing the properties of the global matrix of the finite element method in transient problems, for different production conditions given by the distributed recharge and by the water extraction rate from the wells, solving the numerical problem with a more efficient use of computational resources. This strategy is useful in studies of uncertainty quantification, history matching and optimization of water production in aquifers, since these types of analysis are resource intensive for the very large number of numerical simulations required for these scenarios

Os efeitos da colaboração na transação entre o fornecedor e o supermercado: um estudo exploratório

Este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito da colaboração no desempenho logístico e nos custos de transação existente no elo fornecedor e supermercado. As teorias são referentes à colaboração na cadeia de suprimentos, ao desempenho logístico e à economia dos custos de transação. A metodologia é composta por um estudo de caso realizado durante nove meses em uma das maiores redes de supermercado do Brasil e por entrevistas realizadas com os principais fornecedores dessa. Os resultados mostraram que a colaboração contribui para uma maior eficiência das entregas de produtos pelos grandes fornecedores, quando aumenta o volume e a freqüência de pedidos. A colaboração contribui para a diminuição da incerteza nas negociações e para o aumento da especificidade de ativos. Conclui-se que o aumento da colaboração contribui para a melhoria do desempenho logístico e, em geral, para a diminuição dos custos de transação

Effect of the coaches' leadership style perceived by athletes on team cohesion among elite Brazilian futsal players

This study investigated the effect of the coach leadership style as perceived by athletes on team cohesion among elite futsal athletes. Participants were 120 athletes from the top-8 teams participating in the Paraná’s state Professional League 2013. Instruments used were the Leadership in Sport Scale and the Group Environment Questionnaire. For data analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling were conducted, as well as Latent Profile Analysis. Results showed significant relationships between leadership style and both social (10%) and task cohesion (31%); in addition, the coach leadership style perceived by athletes characterized as democratic and based on social support, reinforcement and training-instruction influenced positively task cohesion (FL=0.55) and moderately social cohesion (FL=0.31). It is concluded that, for the futsal from the state of Parana, the coach’s leadership style based on democratic, reinforcement, social support and training-instruction behaviours is determinant to the development of task cohesion, however, does not have the same strong influence in social cohesion

Factors associated with self-rated health in older adults receiving oral prosthetic rehabilitation

Objectives: To assess factors associated with self-perception of health in older adults submitted to oral prosthetic rehabilitation in order to contribute to a more contextualized planning of public policies, actions and health services aimed at healthy aging. Design: Analytical cross-sectional study. Setting: Dental specialty centers. Participants: 244 people aged 60 years and older enrolled for oral prosthetic rehabilitation. Intervention: Interviews, oral examination and anthropometric measurements. Measurements: A questionnaire assessed demographic and economic data, general health and oral health and self-perception of oral health-related quality of life was measured by the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Performance in instrumental activities of daily living was assessed by the Lawton and Brody scale, mood was assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale and nutritional status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Results: The multivariate analysis showed that factors such as hospitalization in the previous year, diabetes and risk of malnutrition determined the negative self-perception of general health and current health status compared with 12 months ago. Needing assistance to perform AIDL significantly influenced self-perception of general health while income and vision problems interfered with older adults’ perception of their current health status compared with 12 months ago. Conclusion: Older adults who needed oral prosthetic rehabilitation exhibited a predominantly negative self-perception of oral health.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Composição florística, diversidade e efeitos edáficos em duas comunidades de savanas rochosas na Amazônia e Cerrado, Brasil

Despite the uniqueness and reach of the flora from natural savannas in the Brazilian Amazon, and the existence of studies on its origin and diversity, there are no local studies associating floristic patterns with soil properties in savanna enclaves in the Amazon region of the state of Mato Grosso. Floristic composition and diversity were compared between a woody community from a rocky savanna inselberg in a transition region (RTS) between the two largest South American biomes (Cerrado-Amazon), and an enclave of rocky savanna in the Amazon (RAS), and the effects of soil properties were investigated. Floristic comparisons were also made between the two studied communities and two other rocky savanna communities near the Cerrado-Amazon transition. The flora and physical and chemical soil properties in twenty-five 20 × 20 m subplots (1 ha) in each community were sampled and georeferenced. An evident floristic distinction was found between the two studied communities, with low similarity values and a high number of indicator species. The observed and estimated richness and Rényi diversity profiles indicated lower species diversity in RAS than in RTS. Soils were found to be litholic, poorly drained, dystrophic, alic, extremely acidic, sandy and nutrient poor. Species composition and abundance was associated with soil properties in both communities. The clear difference in species composition and diversity between RTS and RAS seem to be shaped by soil properties, geographic isolation and floristic influence from the Cerrado and the Amazon. These results broaden the knowledge regarding the composition and diversity of woody plants of savannas in Amazonian enclaves and Cerrado inselbergs, and provide an important set of floristic and edaphic descriptors for the phytogeography of rocky savannas.Apesar da singularidade e extensão da flora de savanas naturais na Amazônia brasileira, e da existência de trabalhos sobre sua origem e diversidade, não há estudos locais que associam padrões florísticos com propriedades do solo em enclaves de cerrado na região amazônica no estado de Mato Grosso. Comparamos a composição florística e a diversidade entre uma comunidade lenhosa de um inselberg de savana rochosa em uma região de transição (STR) entre os dois maiores biomas sul-americanos (Cerrado-Amazônia) e um enclave de savana rochosa na Amazônia (SAR) e investigamos os efeitos das propriedades do solo. Além disso, comparamos as duas comunidades estudadas com outras duas comunidades de savanas rochosas próximos da transição Cerrado-Amazônia. A flora e as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo de vinte e cinco subparcelas de 20 × 20 m (1 ha), em cada comunidade foram amostradas e georreferenciadas. Uma evidente distinção florística foi encontrada entre as duas comunidades estudadas, com baixos valores de similaridade e um número elevado de espécies indicadoras. A riqueza observada e estimada e os perfis de diversidade de Rényi indicaram menor diversidade de espécies na SAR do que na STR. Os solos são litólicos, pouco drenados, distróficos, álicos, extremamente ácidos, arenosos e pobres em nutrientes em ambas as comunidades. A composição e a abundância de espécies foram associadas às propriedades do solo. A clara diferença na composição e diversidade entre STR e SAR parecem ser moldadas pelas propriedades do solo, isolamento geográfico e influências florísticas do Cerrado e Amazônia. Esses resultados ampliam o conhecimento sobre a composição e diversidade de plantas lenhosas de savanas em enclaves da Amazônia e inselbergs do Cerrado e fornecem um importante conjunto de descritores florísticos e edáficos para a fitogeografia de savanas rochosas