Remembering Kate Gleason: Introducing a Twentieth-Century Businesswoman to Twenty-First Century Students

In the fall of 2015, the faculty of the Museum Studies Program at RIT mounted an exhibition titled Kate Gleason, Visionary: A Tribute on Her 150th Birthday. While Kate Gleason’s name is familiar on the RIT campus because the College of Engineering is named for her, this association obscures recognition of her many and varied accomplishments. The challenge we undertook was to contextualize her work in engineering within her other entrepreneurial endeavors in manufacturing, banking, and building, focusing on the innovation and vision that united them. In addition, we wanted Gleason’s career and accomplishments to be compelling and relevant to our students. To this end we created an exhibition in two different formats: first, a mobile pop-up exhibition that traveled to several venues on campus to encounter students in the course of their daily campus routine and second, a formal gallery exhibition in the campus library. These articles reflect on the process of creating the exhibition’s underlying thesis, bringing the concept to life in two different types of exhibitions, engaging students in the creative process, and reflecting on the exhibition’s impact on its audience

Uncertainty, market disequilibrium and the firm's decision process : applications to the Pacific salmon market

The Pacific salmon market may often be characterized by disequilibrium conditions and less than perfect information. Thus the study of the decision-making behavior, especially short-run pricing, of wholesale market participants in this industry requires the use of alternative models to the conventional, price-taking, perfect competition model of the firm. This study makes use of concepts advanced in the previous literature on disequilibrium markets and imperfect information, as well as known characteristics of the Pacific- salmon industry, to hypothesize a model of decision-making by buyers and sellers. Sellers determine an optimal asking price based on various indicators to the firm of where its unknown, but downward sloping, demand curve lies, as well as on costs. The reaction of buyers to the asking price is specified, as is implicitly the reaction, in turn, of sellers to buyers' decisions. The model is estimated empirically with the use of weekly data from invoices of wholesale transactions of Pacific salmon for a number of firms. These data represent a unique and rich source of information to the researcher examining decision-making in the firm. Additional information, such as dates of fishing seasons and landings, costs to processors and certain proxy variables, assist in the analysis of the invoice data. Empirical estimation of the model is performed on nineteen subsets of the data, classified by type of salmon product and by firm. The results for the asking price equation reveal that for certain cases seller behavior is consistent with the model of price-searching behavior developed here. Furthermore, these results support previous studies which hypothesize the role of various indicators in the decision-making of the seller. In the case of the buyers' responses to the asking price, however, the model does not appear to be capturing some important factors. Some of the probable issues not incorporated are discussed. Ultimately, then, this research is designed to provide a better understanding of the relationship between decision-making at the firm level and associated market processes in a particular setting: the U.S. Pacific salmon industry

Carbon Footprint of Commercial Fishing In the Northeast United States

Environmental concerns about seafood consumption generally are associated with the status of target stocks as well as bycatch and/or habitat issues. The more recent concept of "food miles" hails from terrestrial food production, and focuses on "consuming locally" in an effort to reduce the carbon footprint of a consumer's diet. Fish is one of the most heavily traded food products in the world. The idea of consumers considering food miles in their consumption decisions has tremendous implications for seafood. Over 40 percent of global production of seafood is traded internationally, and the distances between fishing vessel and dinner plate only seem to grow. But how important is the carbon footprint of shipping relative to the production of seafood? This paper examines the share of energy consumption associated with the harvest of seafood in the Northeast U.S. Fishing vessel fuel consumption and landings are used to assess energy use per landed (live) weight of seafood. Such information should shed light on the true nature of the carbon footprint of seafood trade

Economics of Rebuilding Fisheries

The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development saw governments around the world undertake to maintain or restore stocks to levels that can produce the maximum sustainable yield with the aim of achieving these goals for depleted stocks on an urgent basis and where possible not later than 2015. However, progress towards this goal has been slow. The challenge for policy makers is to create an enabling policy environment that balances effective fisheries rebuilding with social and economic considerations, while ensuring that the risks are adequately addressed. The recent OECD workshop on the economics of rebuilding fisheries that took place in Newport, Rhode Island, United States on 21-22 May 2009 highlighted the range of economic and governance challenges that arise in the process of fisheries rebuilding. The following questions would be examined and discussed at the Special Session: "How can the key issues of political economy be adequately considered and addressed in the development of rebuilding plans? Specifically, the institutional and economic issues in national rebuilding programs of OECD member countries would be discussed, as well as the role of stakeholders in the rebuilding process (challenges and opportunities). "How are fishing mortality paths calculated in terms of reference points, limits, targets and timeframes and what are the economic implications of the possible rebuilding scenarios? While the development of such paths has been largely a biological question, there are significant economic consequences that may or may not be considered. In particular, the modelling approaches to assessing rebuilding trajectories will be discussed (e.g. Bioeconomic modelling and management strategy evaluation). "What happens if assumptions about rebuilding are incorrect and the stock is not rebuild as predicted - what are the implications for policy makers and fisheries managers. " Is it correct to assume that all stocks can be rebuilt and what policy issues will need to be addressed if there are irreversible changes to ecosystems

Addressing marine and coastal governance conflicts at the interface of multiple sectors and jurisdictions

Marine and coastal activities are closely interrelated, and conflicts among different sectors can undermine management and conservation objectives. Governance systems for fisheries, power generation, irrigation, aquaculture, marine biodiversity conservation, and other coastal and maritime activities are typically organized to manage conflicts within sectors, rather than across them. Based on the discussions around eight case studies presented at a workshop held in Brest in June 2019, this paper explores institutional approaches to move beyond managing conflicts within a sector. We primarily focus on cases where the groups and sectors involved are heterogeneous in terms of: the jurisdiction they fall under; their objectives; and the way they value ecosystem services. The paper first presents a synthesis of frameworks for understanding and managing cross-sectoral governance conflicts, drawing from social and natural sciences. We highlight commonalities but also conceptual differences across disciplines to address these issues. We then propose a novel analytical framework which we used to evaluate the eight case studies. Based on the main lessons learned from case studies, we then discuss the feasibility and key determinants of stakeholder collaboration as well as compensation and incentive schemes. The discussion concludes with future research needs to support policy development and inform integrated institutional regimes that consider the diversity of stakeholder interests and the potential benefits of cross-sectoral coordination

Organização do trabalho de enfermagem na Atenção Básica: uma questão para a saúde do trabalhador

Contains fulltext : 208073.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Associations of Pulmonary Function with MRI Brain Volumes : A Coordinated Multi-Study Analysis

This study was supported by National Institute of Health (NIH) grant AG059421. Additional study-specific acknowledgements can be found in the Supplementary Material.BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest poor pulmonary function is associated with increased burden of cerebral white matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy among elderly individuals, but the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To study the cross-sectional associations of pulmonary function with structural brain variables. METHODS: Data from six large community-based samples (N = 11,091) were analyzed. Spirometric measurements were standardized with respect to age, sex, height, and ethnicity using reference equations of the Global Lung Function Initiative. Associations of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and their ratio FEV1/FVC with brain volume, gray matter volume, hippocampal volume, and volume of white matter hyperintensities were investigated using multivariable linear regressions for each study separately and then combined using random-effect meta-analyses. RESULTS: FEV1 and FVC were positively associated with brain volume, gray matter volume, and hippocampal volume, and negatively associated with white matter hyperintensities volume after multiple testing correction, with little heterogeneity present between the studies. For instance, an increase of FVC by one unit was associated with 3.5 ml higher brain volume (95% CI: [2.2, 4.9]). In contrast, results for FEV1/FVC were more heterogeneous across studies, with significant positive associations with brain volume, gray matter volume, and hippocampal volume, but not white matter hyperintensities volume. Associations of brain variables with both FEV1 and FVC were consistently stronger than with FEV1/FVC, specifically with brain volume and white matter hyperintensities volume. CONCLUSION: In cross-sectional analyses, worse pulmonary function is associated with smaller brain volumes and higher white matter hyperintensities burden.Peer reviewe

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele