117 research outputs found
Chemically Sensitive Polymer Coatings For SH-Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for the Detection of Benzene in Water
Polymer-coated shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) sensors are investigated for the detection of benzene in aqueous samples. The SH-SAW sensors using three-layer geometry have a single polymer sensing layer which absorbs the analyte and interacts with the surface wave. Several polymers are identified as potential improvements over current sensing films based on glass transition temperature and Hildebrand solubility parameter. The polymers investigated in this work include poly (methyl acrylate) (PMA), poly (butyl acrylate) (PBA), poly (ethylene co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA), bisphenol-A poly (dimethylsiloxane) (BPA PDMS), and bisphenol-A poly (hexamethyltrisiloxane) (BPA HMTS).
The polymers are spin coated on a lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) SH-SAW dual delay-line device at thicknesses between 0.3 ”m and 1.0 ”m. Each film\u27s thickness is measured and the film is exposed to multiple concentrations of the aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTEX). The added mass and viscoelastic changes in the sensing layer result in a change in center frequency and acoustic loss of the device. The frequency change is measured and used to determine sensitivity of the coated sensor to each analyte.
BPA PDMS and BPA HMTS show larger sensitivities to each of the BTEX analytes than PBA, PMA, or PEVA. However, both BPA PDMS and BPA HMTS were observed to lose sensitivity during the aging process. It is shown that the aging effect on BPA HMTS can be mitigated by baking the film after it is applied to the device
Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering: Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment
The OLYMPUS collaboration reports on a precision measurement of the
positron-proton to electron-proton elastic cross section ratio, ,
a direct measure of the contribution of hard two-photon exchange to the elastic
cross section. In the OLYMPUS measurement, 2.01~GeV electron and positron beams
were directed through a hydrogen gas target internal to the DORIS storage ring
at DESY. A toroidal magnetic spectrometer instrumented with drift chambers and
time-of-flight scintillators detected elastically scattered leptons in
coincidence with recoiling protons over a scattering angle range of to . The relative luminosity between the two beam species
was monitored using tracking telescopes of interleaved GEM and MWPC detectors
at , as well as symmetric M{\o}ller/Bhabha calorimeters at
. A total integrated luminosity of 4.5~fb was collected. In
the extraction of , radiative effects were taken into account
using a Monte Carlo generator to simulate the convolutions of internal
bremsstrahlung with experiment-specific conditions such as detector acceptance
and reconstruction efficiency. The resulting values of , presented
here for a wide range of virtual photon polarization ,
are smaller than some hadronic two-photon exchange calculations predict, but
are in reasonable agreement with a subtracted dispersion model and a
phenomenological fit to the form factor data.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
MAGIC observations of very high energy gamma-rays from HESS J1813-178
Recently, the HESS collaboration has reported the detection of gamma-ray
emission above a few hundred GeV from eight new sources located close to the
Galactic Plane. The source HESS J1813-178 has sparked particular interest, as
subsequent radio observations imply an association with SNR G12.82-0.02.
Triggered by the detection in VHE gamma-rays, a positionally coincident source
has also been found in INTEGRAL and ASCA data. In this Letter we present MAGIC
observations of HESS J1813-178, resulting in the detection of a differential
gamma-ray flux consistent with a hard-slope power law, described as dN/(dA dt
dE) = (3.3+/-0.5)*10^{-12} (E/TeV)^{-2.1+/-0.2} cm^(-2)s^(-1)TeV^(-1). We
briefly discuss the observational technique used, the procedure implemented for
the data analysis, and put this detection in the perspective of multifrequency
observations.Comment: Accepted by ApJ Letter
MAGIC upper limits on the very high energy emission from GRBs
The fast repositioning system of the MAGIC Telescope has allowed during its
first data cycle, between 2005 and the beginning of year 2006, observing nine
different GRBs as possible sources of very high energy gammas. These
observations were triggered by alerts from Swift, HETE-II, and Integral; they
started as fast as possible after the alerts and lasted for several minutes,
with an energy threshold varying between 80 and 200 GeV, depending upon the
zenith angle of the burst. No evidence for gamma signals was found, and upper
limits for the flux were derived for all events, using the standard analysis
chain of MAGIC. For the bursts with measured redshift, the upper limits are
compatible with a power law extrapolation, when the intrinsic fluxes are
evaluated taking into account the attenuation due to the scattering in the
Metagalactic Radiation Field (MRF).Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures, final version accepted by ApJ. Changet title to
"MAGIC upped limits on the VERY high energy emission from GRBs", re-organized
chapter with description of observation, removed non necessaries figures,
added plot of effective area depending on zenith angle, added an appendix
explaining the upper limit calculation, added some reference
Discovery of Very High Energy -Rays from Markarian~180 Triggered by an Optical Outburst
The high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object Markarian~180 (Mrk~180) was
observed to have an optical outburst in 2006 March, triggering a Target of
Opportunity observation with the MAGIC telescope. The source was observed for
12.4 hr and very high energy -ray emission was detected with a
significance of 5.5 . An integral flux above 200 GeV of
was measured, corresponding to
11% of the Crab Nebula flux. A rather soft spectrum with a photon index of
has been determined. No significant flux variation was found.Comment: Accepted by ApJ Letters, minor revision
Measurement of the inelastic pp cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV
The cross-section for inelastic proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV is measured with the LHCb detector. The fiducial cross-section for inelastic interactions producing at least one prompt long-lived charged particle with momentum p > 2 GeV/c in the pseudorapidity range 2 < η < 5 is determined to be Ï acc = 62:2 ± 0:2 ± 2:5mb. The first uncertainty is the intrinsic systematic uncertainty of the measurement, the second is due to the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The statistical uncertainty is negligible. Extrapolation to full phase space yields the total inelastic proton-proton cross-section Ï inel = 75:4 ± 3:0 ± 4:5mb, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second due to the extrapolation. An updated value of the inelastic cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV is also reported
Dynamics and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing on symptomatic individuals attending healthcare centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil
RT-PCR testing data provides opportunities to explore regional and individual determinants of test positivity and surveillance infrastructure. Using Generalized Additive Models, we explored 222,515 tests of a random sample of individuals with COVID-19 compatible symptoms in the Brazilian state of Bahia during 2020. We found that age and male gender were the most significant determinants of test positivity. There was evidence of an unequal impact among socio-demographic strata, with higher positivity among those living in areas with low education levels during the first epidemic wave, followed by those living in areas with higher education levels in the second wave. Our estimated probability of testing positive after symptom onset corroborates previous reports that the probability decreases with time, more than halving by about two weeks and converging to zero by three weeks. Test positivity rates generally followed state-level reported cases, and while a single laboratory performed ~90% of tests covering ~99% of the state's area, test turn-around time generally remained below four days. This testing effort is a testimony to the Bahian surveillance capacity during public health emergencies, as previously witnessed during the recent Zika and Yellow Fever outbreaks
Observation of VHE gamma-ray emission from the Active Galactic Nucleus 1ES1959+650 using the MAGIC telecope
The MAGIC Cherenkov telescope has observed very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray
emission from the Active Galactic Nucleus 1ES1959+650 during six hours in
September and October 2004. The observations were carried out alternated with
the Crab Nebula, whose data were used as reference source for optimizing
gamma/hadron separation and for flux comparison. The data analysis shows VHE
gamma-ray emission of 1ES1959+650 with ~ 8 sigma significance, at a time of low
activity in both optical and X-ray wavelengths. An integral flux above ~ 180
GeV of about 20% of the Crab was obtained. The light curve, sampled over 7
days, shows no significant variations. The differential energy spectrum between
180 GeV and 2 TeV can be fitted with a power law of index -2.72 +/- 0.14. The
spectrum is consistent with the slightly steeper spectrum seen by HEGRA at
higher energies, also during periods of low X-ray activity.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure
Observation of Gamma Rays from the Galactic Center with the MAGIC Telescope
Recently, the Galactic Center has been reported to be a source of very high
energy (VHE) gamma-rays by the VERITAS, CANGAROO and HESS experiments. The
energy spectra as measured by these experiments show substantial differences.
In this Letter we present MAGIC observations of the Galactic Center, resulting
in the detection of a differential gamma-ray flux consistent with a steady,
hard-slope power law, described as dN/(dA dt dE) = (2.9+/-0.6)*10^{-12}
(E/TeV)^{-2.2+/-0.2} cm^{-2}s^{-1}TeV^{-1}. The gamma-ray source is centered at
(Ra, Dec)=(17h 45m 20s, -29deg 2'. This result confirms the previous
measurements by the HESS experiment and indicates a steady source of TeV
gamma-rays. We briefly describe the observational technique used, the procedure
implemented for the data analysis, and discuss the results in the perspective
of different models proposed for the acceleration of the VHE gamma-rays.Comment: ApJL submitte
Variable Very High Energy Gamma-ray Emission from the Microquasar LS I +61 303
Microquasars are binary star systems with relativistic radio-emitting jets.
They are potential sources of cosmic rays and laboratories for elucidating the
physics of relativistic jets. Here we report the detection of variable
gamma-ray emission above 100 gigaelectron volts from the microquasar LS I +61
303. Six orbital cycles were recorded. Several detections occur at a similar
orbital phase, suggesting the emission is periodic. The strongest gamma-ray
emission is not observed when the two stars are closest to one another,
implying a strong orbital modulation of the emission or the absorption
processes.Comment: 11 pages with 4 figure
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