108 research outputs found

    Scalar field exact solutions for non-flat FLRW cosmology: A technique from non-linear Schr\"odinger-type formulation

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    We report a method of solving for canonical scalar field exact solution in a non-flat FLRW universe with barotropic fluid using non-linear Schr\"{o}dinger (NLS)-type formulation in comparison to the method in the standard Friedmann framework. We consider phantom and non-phantom scalar field cases with exponential and power-law accelerating expansion. Analysis on effective equation of state to both cases of expansion is also performed. We speculate and comment on some advantage and disadvantage of using the NLS formulation in solving for the exact solution.Comment: 12 pages, GERG format, Reference added. accepted by Gen. Relativ. and Gra

    Averaging Robertson-Walker Cosmologies

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    The cosmological backreaction arises when one directly averages the Einstein equations to recover an effective Robertson-Walker cosmology, rather than assuming a background a priori. While usually discussed in the context of dark energy, strictly speaking any cosmological model should be recovered from such a procedure. We apply the Buchert averaging formalism to linear Robertson-Walker universes containing matter, radiation and dark energy and evaluate numerically the discrepancies between the assumed and the averaged behaviour, finding the largest deviations for an Einstein-de Sitter universe, increasing rapidly with Hubble rate to a 0.01% effect for h=0.701. For the LCDM concordance model, the backreaction is of the order of Omega_eff~4x10^-6, with those for dark energy models being within a factor of two or three. The impacts at recombination are of the order of 10^-8 and those in deep radiation domination asymptote to a constant value. While the effective equations of state of the backreactions in Einstein-de Sitter, concordance and quintessence models are generally dust-like, a backreaction with an equation of state w_eff<-1/3 can be found for strongly phantom models.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, ReVTeX. Updated to version accepted by JCA

    Energy Conditions in f(G)f(G) Modified Gravity with Non-minimal Coupling to Matter

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    In this paper we study a model of modified gravity with non-minimal coupling between a general function of the Gauss-Bonnet invariant, f(G)f(G), and matter Lagrangian from the point of view of the energy conditions. Such model has been introduced in Ref. [21] for description of early inflation and late-time cosmic acceleration. We present the suitable energy conditions for the above mentioned model and then, we use the estimated values of the Hubble, deceleration and jerk parameters to apply the obtained energy conditions to the specific class of modified Gauss-Bonnet models.Comment: 12 pages, no figur, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Scienc

    Dark Energy from structure: a status report

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    The effective evolution of an inhomogeneous universe model in any theory of gravitation may be described in terms of spatially averaged variables. In Einstein's theory, restricting attention to scalar variables, this evolution can be modeled by solutions of a set of Friedmann equations for an effective volume scale factor, with matter and backreaction source terms. The latter can be represented by an effective scalar field (`morphon field') modeling Dark Energy. The present work provides an overview over the Dark Energy debate in connection with the impact of inhomogeneities, and formulates strategies for a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of backreaction effects both in theoretical and observational cosmology. We recall the basic steps of a description of backreaction effects in relativistic cosmology that lead to refurnishing the standard cosmological equations, but also lay down a number of challenges and unresolved issues in connection with their observational interpretation. The present status of this subject is intermediate: we have a good qualitative understanding of backreaction effects pointing to a global instability of the standard model of cosmology; exact solutions and perturbative results modeling this instability lie in the right sector to explain Dark Energy from inhomogeneities. It is fair to say that, even if backreaction effects turn out to be less important than anticipated by some researchers, the concordance high-precision cosmology, the architecture of current N-body simulations, as well as standard perturbative approaches may all fall short in correctly describing the Late Universe.Comment: Invited Review for a special Gen. Rel. Grav. issue on Dark Energy, 59 pages, 2 figures; matches published versio

    Time-integrated luminosity recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e- collider

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    This article is the Preprint version of the final published artcile which can be accessed at the link below.We describe a measurement of the time-integrated luminosity of the data collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at the ϒ(4S), ϒ(3S), and ϒ(2S) resonances and in a continuum region below each resonance. We measure the time-integrated luminosity by counting e+e-→e+e- and (for the ϒ(4S) only) e+e-→μ+μ- candidate events, allowing additional photons in the final state. We use data-corrected simulation to determine the cross-sections and reconstruction efficiencies for these processes, as well as the major backgrounds. Due to the large cross-sections of e+e-→e+e- and e+e-→μ+μ-, the statistical uncertainties of the measurement are substantially smaller than the systematic uncertainties. The dominant systematic uncertainties are due to observed differences between data and simulation, as well as uncertainties on the cross-sections. For data collected on the ϒ(3S) and ϒ(2S) resonances, an additional uncertainty arises due to ϒ→e+e-X background. For data collected off the ϒ resonances, we estimate an additional uncertainty due to time dependent efficiency variations, which can affect the short off-resonance runs. The relative uncertainties on the luminosities of the on-resonance (off-resonance) samples are 0.43% (0.43%) for the ϒ(4S), 0.58% (0.72%) for the ϒ(3S), and 0.68% (0.88%) for the ϒ(2S).This work is supported by the US Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physiquedes Particules (France), the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands), the Research Council of Norway, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain), and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the A.P. Sloan Foundation (USA)

    Exotic ρ±ρ0\rho^\pm\rho^0 state photoproduction

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    It is shown that the list of unusual mesons planned for a careful study in photoproduction can be extended by the exotic states X±(1600)X^\pm(1600) with IG(JPC)=2+(2++)I^G(J ^{PC})=2^+(2^{++}) which should be looked for in the ρ±ρ0\rho^\pm\rho^0 decay channels in the reactions γNρ±ρ0N\gamma N\to\rho^\pm\rho^0N and γNρ±ρ0Δ\gamma N\to\rho^\pm \rho^0\Delta. The full classification of the ρ±ρ0\rho^\pm\rho^0 states by their quantum numbers is presented. A simple model for the spin structure of the γpf2(1270)p \gamma p\to f_2(1270)p, γpa20(1320)p\gamma p\to a^0_2(1320)p, and γNX±(N,Δ)\gamma N\to X^\pm (N, \Delta) reaction amplitudes is formulated and the tentative estimates of the corresponding cross sections at the incident photon energy Eγ6E_\gamma\approx 6 GeV are obtained: σ(γpf2(1270)p)0.12\sigma(\gamma p\to f_2(1270)p)\approx0.12 μ\mub, σ(γpa20(1320)p)0.25 \sigma(\gamma p\to a^0_2(1320)p)\approx0.25 μ\mub, σ(γNX±Nρ±ρ0N)0.018\sigma(\gamma N\to X^\pm N\to\rho^\pm\rho^0N)\approx0.018 μ\mub, and σ(γpXΔ++ρρ0Δ++)0.031\sigma(\gamma p\to X^-\Delta^{++ }\to\rho^-\rho^0\Delta^{++})\approx0.031 μ\mub. The problem of the X±X^\pm signal extraction from the natural background due to the other π±π0π+π\pi^\pm\pi^0 \pi^+\pi^- production channels is discussed. In particular the estimates are presented for the γph1(1170)π+n\gamma p\to h_1(1170)\pi^+n, γpρ+nπ+π0π+πn\gamma p\to\rho'^{+}n\to \pi^+\pi^0\pi^+\pi^-n, and γpωρ0p\gamma p\to\omega\rho^0p reaction cross sections. Our main conclusion is that the search for the exotic X±(2+(2++))X^\pm(2^+(2^{++})) states is quite feasible at JEFLAB facility. The expected yield of the γNX±Nρ±ρ0N\gamma N\to X^\pm N\to\rho^\pm\rho^0N events in a 30-day run at the 100% detection efficiency approximates 2.8×1062.8\times10^6 events.Comment: 19 pages, revtex, 1 figure in postscipt, some comments and references added, a few minor typos corrected, to be published in Phys. Rev.

    Observation of the baryonic decay B \uaf 0 \u2192 \u39bc+ p \uaf K-K+

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    We report the observation of the baryonic decay B\uaf0\u2192\u39bc+p\uafK-K+ using a data sample of 471 7106 BB\uaf pairs produced in e+e- annihilations at s=10.58GeV. This data sample was recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at SLAC. We find B(B\uaf0\u2192\u39bc+p\uafK-K+)=(2.5\ub10.4(stat)\ub10.2(syst)\ub10.6B(\u39bc+)) 710-5, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the uncertainty of the \u39bc+\u2192pK-\u3c0+ branching fraction, respectively. The result has a significance corresponding to 5.0 standard deviations, including all uncertainties. For the resonant decay B\uaf0\u2192\u39bc+p\uaf\u3c6, we determine the upper limit B(B\uaf0\u2192\u39bc+p\uaf\u3c6)<1.2 710-5 at 90% confidence level

    Search for Darkonium in e+e- Collisions

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    Collider searches for dark sectors, new particles interacting only feebly with ordinary matter, have largely focused on identifying signatures of new mediators, leaving much of dark sector structures unexplored. In particular, the existence of dark matter bound states (darkonia) remains to be investigated. This possibility could arise in a simple model in which a dark photon (A0 ) is light enough to generate an attractive force between dark fermions. We report herein a search for a JPC ¼ 1−− darkonium state, the ϒD, produced in the reaction eþe− → γϒD, ϒD → A0 A0 A0 , where the dark photons subsequently decay into pairs of leptons or pions, using 514 fb−1 of data collected with the BABAR detector. No significant signal is observed, and we set bounds on the γ − A0 kinetic mixing as a function of the dark sector coupling constant for 0.001 < mA0 < 3.16 GeV and 0.05 < mϒD < 9.5 GeV.publishedVersio

    Measurement of the CP-Violating Asymmetry Amplitude sin2β\beta

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    We present results on time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in neutral B decays to several CP eigenstates. The measurements use a data sample of about 88 million Y(4S) --> B Bbar decays collected between 1999 and 2002 with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We study events in which one neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in a final state containing a charmonium meson and the other B meson is determined to be either a B0 or B0bar from its decay products. The amplitude of the CP-violating asymmetry, which in the Standard Model is proportional to sin2beta, is derived from the decay-time distributions in such events. We measure sin2beta = 0.741 +/- 0.067 (stat) +/- 0.033 (syst) and |lambda| = 0.948 +/- 0.051 (stat) +/- 0.017 (syst). The magnitude of lambda is consistent with unity, in agreement with the Standard Model expectation of no direct CP violation in these modes

    The Physics of the B Factories

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