Dressage et utilisation du Teckel pour la recherche du grand gibier blessé

Pour des raisons de gestion de la faune sauvage, mais aussi pour des raisons éthiques, le contrôle du tir et la recherche du gibier blessé doit être aujourd'hui la continuité obligatoire du tir. Cette activité ancestrale requiert certaines aptitudes et capacités de la part du chien mais également du conducteur. Après s'être intéressé au standard et aux aptitudes du Teckel à la recherche du grand gibier blessé, l'auteur nous décrit différentes méthodes de dressage, en s'appuyant sur la connaissance de l'apprentissage chez les canidés et sur des techniques d'éducation comme le conditionnement opérant, le shaping ou façonnement. Le dressage progressif commence tout d'abord par un travail à l'artificiel, permettant l'éducation du chien et du conducteur pour arriver au résultat final voulu : un couple chien-conducteur fiable à la recherche au naturel. Afin de contrôler cette fiabilité, les associations de chiens de sang ont mis en place des épreuves qualificatives permettant de juger du travail du couple. Ainsi dans les clubs canins ayant mis en place depuis de longue date ce type d'épreuves grâce à la sélection, on obtient des chiens issus de plusieurs générations de chiens de sang et présentant de grandes aptitudes et capacités à la recherche du grand gibier blessé

Syndeticity and independent substitutions

We associate in a canonical way a substitution to any abstract numeration system built on a regular language. In relationship with the growth order of the letters, we define the notion of two independent substitutions. Our main result is the following. If a sequence $x$ is generated by two independent substitutions, at least one being of exponential growth, then the factors of $x$ appearing infinitely often in $x$ appear with bounded gaps. As an application, we derive an analogue of Cobham's theorem for two independent substitutions (or abstract numeration systems) one with polynomial growth, the other being exponential

Indicios preliminares de variaciones ontogenéticas y espaciales en las señales isotópicas y elementales de otolitos de Solea solea del Golfo de León (Mediterráneo noroccidental)

Knowledge of fish life cycles is important for exploited species. In the Mediterranean Sea, catches of common sole (Solea solea) have fluctuated widely since the 1970s. Solea solea displays an ontogenetic shift in habitat: sole larvae are marine, juveniles inhabit shallow marine waters and coastal lagoons and adults inhabit deeper marine waters. Although the results of this study were obtained using only a small set of individuals, the otolith elemental composition and isotopic ratios were investigated for the three life stages (post-larval, juvenile and adult) in order to acquire a better knowledge of the variability in environmental conditions experienced by the common sole at each life stage in the NW Mediterranean. Moreover, this study provides the first evaluation of the potential of whole otolith microchemistry for investigating habitat connectivity in sole populations from the Gulf of Lions. The elemental and isotopic signatures of otoliths of post-larvae captured in various environments appear to show variations related to the River Rhône inputs (high Ba/Ca and low Sr/Ca ratios). Juveniles appear to show significant variations in otolith elemental and isotopic compositions depending not only on the physico-chemical properties of water in the nurseries they inhabit (Rhône River, Thau or Mauguio lagoons), but also as a result of variations in the chemical composition of their surrounding sediments and in their benthic prey. Adults exhibit otolith differences for isotopic ratios only, which is probably linked to the River Rhône inputs. Finally, several significant relationships were observed between otolith elemental composition and fish size in specimens captured at the River Rhône mouth. However, these variations seem to be an indication of the composition acquired in each environment rather than a sign of ontogeny.El conocimiento del ciclo de vida es importante para las especies comerciales de peces. En el mar Mediterráneo, las capturas de lenguado común (Solea solea) han fluctuado ampliamente desde la década de los 70. Solea solea presenta un cambio de hábitat ontogenético, las larvas son marinas, los juveniles viven en aguas marinas y en lagunas costeras, y los adultos viven en aguas marinas más profundas. Aunque los resultados de este estudio fueron obtenidos usando sólo un número pequeño de individuos, la composición de elemental los otolitos y las relaciones isotópicas fueron investigados en las tres etapas de vida (post-larval, juveniles y adultos) con el fin de adquirir un mejor conocimiento de la variabilidad en las condiciones ambientales que experimenta el lenguado común en cada etapa de la vida en el mediterráneo noroccidental. Por otra parte, este trabajo permite una primera evaluación del potencial de toda la microquímica de otolitos para la investigación de la conectividad del hábitat en las poblaciones de lenguado en el Golfo de León. Las señales elementales e isotópicos de los otolitos de las post-larvas capturadas en diferentes entornos muestran variaciones en relación a los materiales aportados por del río Ródano (alta relación Ba/Ca y baja relación Sr/Ca). Los juveniles parecen mostrar variaciones significativas en la composición elemental e isotópica de los otolitos dependiendo no sólo de las propiedades físico-químicas del agua en los viveros que habitan (Thau, Mauguio o el río Ródano), sino también como resultado de las variaciones en la composición química de los sedimentos circundantes y de su presa béntica. Los adultos presentan únicamente diferencias en las relaciones isotópicas de los otolitos, que está probablemente vinculado a por materiales aportados por el río Ródano. Por último, se observaron varias relaciones significativas entre la composición elemental de los otolitos y el tamaño de los peces en las muestras capturadas en la desembocadura del río Ródano. Sin embargo, estas variaciones parecen ser una indicación de la composición adquirida en cada entorno, más que ser debidas a la ontogenia

Image-derived input function in dynamic human PET/CT: methodology and validation with 11C-acetate and 18F-fluorothioheptadecanoic acid in muscle and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in brain

International audienc

Small Molecules That Inhibit Tnf Signalling by Stabilising an Asymmetric Form of the Trimer

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine belonging to a family of trimeric proteins; it has been shown to be a key mediator in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn\u27s disease. While TNF is the target of several successful biologic drugs, attempts to design small molecule therapies directed to this cytokine have not led to approved products. Here we report the discovery of potent small molecule inhibitors of TNF that stabilise an asymmetrical form of the soluble TNF trimer, compromising signalling and inhibiting the functions of TNF in vitro and in vivo. This discovery paves the way for a class of small molecule drugs capable of modulating TNF function by stabilising a naturally sampled, receptor-incompetent conformation of TNF. Furthermore, this approach may prove to be a more general mechanism for inhibiting protein-protein interactions

(Homo)glutathione Deficiency Impairs Root-knot Nematode Development in Medicago truncatula

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligatory plant parasitic worms that establish and maintain an intimate relationship with their host plants. During a compatible interaction, RKN induce the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied giant cells essential for nematode growth and reproduction. These metabolically active feeding cells constitute the exclusive source of nutrients for the nematode. Detailed analysis of glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) metabolism demonstrated the importance of these compounds for the success of nematode infection in Medicago truncatula. We reported quantification of GSH and hGSH and gene expression analysis showing that (h)GSH metabolism in neoformed gall organs differs from that in uninfected roots. Depletion of (h)GSH content impaired nematode egg mass formation and modified the sex ratio. In addition, gene expression and metabolomic analyses showed a substantial modification of starch and γ-aminobutyrate metabolism and of malate and glucose content in (h)GSH-depleted galls. Interestingly, these modifications did not occur in (h)GSH-depleted roots. These various results suggest that (h)GSH have a key role in the regulation of giant cell metabolism. The discovery of these specific plant regulatory elements could lead to the development of new pest management strategies against nematodes

Dressage et utilisation du teckel pour la recherche du grand gibier blessé

TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Réactions de couplage entre des composés organomagnésiens et des halogénures organiques en présence de sels de manganèse

Cette thèse consiste en l'étude d'une nouvelle réaction de couplage aryl-aryle catalysée par des sels de manganèse qui a été mise au point il y a quelques années au sein de notre laboratoire. Cette réaction est actuellement utilisée au stade industriel et il est important de mieux comprendre son fonctionnement. Ce travail a donc eu deux objectifs principaux : Etude du mécanisme Extension de la réaction. Les résultats obtenus ont en effet permis de mieux cerner la mécanisme et d'étendre son domaine d'application (hétérocycles halogénés, halogénures vinyliques). Par ailleurs, les travaux ont débouché sur une réaction très originale : la substitution d'orthohalogénoaryl cétones par des composés organomanganeux.This thesis deals with the development of a new aryl-aryl cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by manganese salts. This reaction was discovered a few years ago in our laboratory and is now developped to an industrial scale. Therefore it is important to understand clearly its mecanism. This work is then divided in two goals : Study of the mecanism. Extension of the reaction to other substrate. Our results lead us to a better understanding of the mecanism and we are now able to apply this method to new substrates (heterocyclic halides, vinyl halides). Besides, this work also leads to a quite unexpected reaction: the substitution of orthochloroaryl ketones by organomanganese reagents.CERGY PONTOISE-BU Saint-Martin (951272103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les impacts du changement climatique sur la culture du pois d’hiver et les stratégies d’adaptation. 21 septembre 2020

Christophe Lecomte, ingénieur de recherche, nous présente les impacts du changement climatique sur la culture du pois d’hiver et les stratégies d’adaptation.Comment va se traduire le changement climatique dans les années à venir ? Que peut-on dire de l’évolution des dégâts du gel hivernal ? Comment va évoluer la date de début floraison ? Quelles stratégies d’adaptation face à ces impacts

Biological control of ornamental plant diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum: A review.

SPE IPMInternational audienceOrnamentals include all decorative plants suitable for indoor or outdoor uses. A large variety of plants is produced and sold on a worldwide market. One of the most destructive pathogenic microorganisms for ornamental production is the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Many F. oxysporum pathogenic strains can infect numerous ornamental plants during production and/or post harvest storage. Once the disease has broken out, plants are rarely suitable for commercialization. No curative control method is currently available. The best management of the diseases can only be achieved through an integrative approach in which biological control can play a major role in complement of varietal selection for resistance, provided that lines are available, which is rarely the case. Biological control methods on ornamentals are limited to the use of microbial biological control agents and botanicals, i.e. essential oils or plant extracts. An overview of the studies about botanical and microorganism use against F. oxysporum on ornamentals highlighted that the use of these methods is less than 2 decades and that they arouse increasing interest. Microorganism and botanical sources are countless; consequently, the choice of a screening method to select good candidates is critical. Both microorganisms and botanicals display various modes of action that are not all fully understood, especially for botanicals. As soon as a promising microorganism or botanical candidate is identified, different parameters linked to the development of the product (mode of application, dose, formulation, production) need to be defined and standardized to optimize the quality of the final product. These steps also determine the success or failure of a product on the market. Once the product has been elaborated, the registration process can start. Depending on the country, requirements are different and the whole process is more or less tedious. However, 26 biological control products are currently available for F. oxysporum control on ornamentals, and the biological control market is growing. Moreover, biological control methods can be combined with one another or with other control methods but much additional research is required to develop methodologies for incorporating biologicals into other control strategies for ornamental disease management