Bioprospecção da flora regional

-Atualmente, o uso de plantas é comum em vários países como alternativa para tratar problemas de saúde estando já bem estabelecido em algumas culturas e tradições. As plantas podem conter substâncias com significativo potencial biológico, dentre os quais, antimicrobiano e antioxidante. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante de extratos metanólicos de diferentes espécies de plantas da flora regional. Para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foi empregado o método de microdiluição em caldo. Foram utilizadas sete cepas de bactérias: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella thyphimurium, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli e Bacillus cereus e duas cepas de fungos: Candida albicans e Cryptococcus neoformans. A atividade foi estimada por meio da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) dos extratos. A atividade antioxidante foi realizada de acordo com o método de Brand-Willianms que tem por base a redução do radical livre 2,2’-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH). Os extratos de folhas de Tibouchina granulosa e Samanea tubulosa apresentaram atividade para B. cereus (CIM: 0,039 mg/ml). Extratos de folhas de Chamaecrista desvauxii, T. granulosa e S. tubulosa foram significativamente ativos sobre P. aeruginosa, com valores de CIM iguais a 0,005; 0,039 e 0,039 mg/ml, respectivamente. Sobre S. sonnei foram mais ativos os extratos dos frutos de Ficus lyrata e das folhas de C. desvauxii e T. granulosa, com valores de CIM iguais a 0,005; 0,05 e 0,039 mg/ml, respectivamente. Sobre S. aureus, somente o extrato de S. tubulosa foi significativamente ativo (CIM: 0,039 mg/ml). Nenhum dos extratos demonstrou atividade significativa sobre as cepas de K. pneumoniae e E. coli. Atividade anti-Candida foi encontrada para os extratos de folhas e frutos de F. lyrata e Anthemis cotula, folhas de Carduus marianus, Rubus rasaefolius e Solidago chilensis, e partes aéreas de Alternanthera brasiliana (CIM: 0,039 mg/ml). Somente o extrato das folhas de Alchornea triplinervia inibiu o crescimento de C. neoformans (CIM: 0,039 mg/ml). Resultados significativos para a atividade antioxidante foram encontrados nos extratos das folhas de F. lyrata, Alpinia zerumbet, S. sellowianum, Nectandra rígida, Alchornea triplinervia e T. granulosa com IC50 variando de 1 a 15 microg/ml). Estudos fitoquímicos devem ser realizados com a finalidade de se isolar e identificar as substâncias ativas nos extratos com atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante

Difficult group goal improves serve reception of experienced volleyball players

This study investigated the effects of group goals difficulty on volleyball jump topspin serve reception with 36 experienced volleyball players. The volunteers performed an initial evaluation, whose results were organized in accordance to the level of performance and them divided into three similar groups: no goal, 10% and 30% group goal difficulty. Volunteers performed 810 receptions divided in 10 sessions during acquisition phase whose performance was scored from zero to 14 points. On retention test, the 30% of goal difficulty showed higher performance accuracy than 10% or no goal at all

El impacto de las expectativas sobre la adaptación académica de los estudiantes en la Educación Superior

Os desafios enfrentados pelos jovens, decorrentes do ingresso no Ensino Superior, têm sido alvo de inúmeras pesquisas, destacando a confluência de variáveis pessoais e contextuais nesse processo de transição e adaptação ao Ensino Superior. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como as expectativas afetam a qualidade das vivências adaptativas dos acadêmicos que iniciam o Ensino Superior. Participaram deste estudo 182 estudantes brasileiros (M=26,2; DP=8,76), sendo 146 mulheres e 36 homens, que responderam a dois questionários reportados às expectativas e vivências acadêmicas. Os resultados indicaram que as expectativas iniciais dos ingressantes foram correlacionadas com a qualidade das suas vivências acadêmicas. Em particular, as expectativas de envolvimento nas relações com os colegas, no projeto vocacional de carreira e nas atividades curriculares do seu curso foram associadas à adaptação acadêmica dos estudantes.Many studies have addressed the challenges faced by students when they access higher education, describing the influence of personal and contextual factors on the transition and adaptation to Higher Education. The present study aimed to investigate how expectations impact the quality of first-year students’ experiences. Participants included 182 Brazilian students (M=26,2; DP=8,76), 146 women and 36 men, who answered two questionnaires focusing on academic expectations and experiences. Results suggest that initial expectations of first-year students are correlated with the quality of their academic experiences. Specifically, expectations about students’ engagement with colleagues, career project, and curricular activities in their undergraduate program, seem to be related with students’ academic adaptation.Los desafíos que enfrentan los jóvenes que resultan del ingreso a la educación superior han sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones, destacando la convergencia de variables personales y contextuales en este proceso de transición y adaptación a la educación superior. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar cómo las expectativas afectan la calidad de las experiencias de adaptación de los estudiantes que inician la educación superior. Participaron 182 estudiantes brasileños (M=26,2; DP=8,76), siendo 146 mujeres y 36 hombres, que respondieron dos cuestionarios direccionados a las expectativas y experiencias académicas. Los resultados indicaron que las expectativas iniciales de los estudiantes ingresantes se correlacionaron con la calidad de sus experiencias académicas. En particular, las expectativas de participación en las relaciones con los compañeros, en el proyecto de la carrera y en las actividades curriculares del curso fueron relacionadas con la adaptación académica de los estudiantes.Universidade do MinhoUniversidade Salgado de Oliveir

The retrocondylar retinaculum (Osborne’s ligament) and Struther's ligament

Many of the musculofascial and osteofibrous structures of the upper limbs, and which are of the normal human structural constituent (pattern), are notably neglected in general anatomical descriptions. Their complex structures, and sometimes controversial or incomplete descriptions, have significant implications in important neurovascular conditions, such as compressive trauma, and those of orthopedic reconstructions. Thus, we objective a detailed study, structural and historical, of the literature, on two of the most important osteofibrous formations - the retrocondylar retinaculum (Osborne's ligament), together with the aponeurosis of the flexor carpi ulnar muscle (Osborne's fascia), and the Struther's ligament in association with the supracondylar process and foramen homonym

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt