147 research outputs found

    Thermodynamic study of heavy metals behavior during municipal waste incineration

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    The incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) contributes significantly to the presence of heavy metals in urban area aerosols. It is thus important to ascertain the quantities and chemical forms of the heavy metals (HM) that are emitted from the incineration plant stacks. The behaviour of HM, which depends strongly on the thermal and chemical environments, was investigated herein with a modelling approach, consisting of several parts. First, a refuse bed combustion model was developed for simulating on-grate MSW incineration. It describes most of the physico-chemical and thermal phenomena occurring during waste combustion. Second, results from the bed model were taken as boundary conditions to perform 3D simulations of the post-combustion zone and of the boiler. The case studied was of the Strasbourg incineration plant. Finally, the local thermal conditions and the local elementary compositions of gas and solid phases obtained from these simulations were used to carry out thermodynamic calculations of the speciation of HM at each point in the incinerator. The results for four metals (Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr) are presented, discussed and compared to available data. Predicted species are in agreement with observations for volatile metals, except lead, whose volatilization seems overestimated

    Formation and Growth of Oligomers: A Monte Carlo Study of an Amyloid Tau Fragment

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    Small oligomers formed early in the process of amyloid fibril formation may be the major toxic species in Alzheimer's disease. We investigate the early stages of amyloid aggregation for the tau fragment AcPHF6 (Ac-VQIVYK-NH2) using an implicit solvent all-atom model and extensive Monte Carlo simulations of 12, 24, and 36 chains. A variety of small metastable aggregates form and dissolve until an aggregate of a critical size and conformation arises. However, the stable oligomers, which are ÎČ-sheet-rich and feature many hydrophobic contacts, are not always growth-ready. The simulations indicate instead that these supercritical oligomers spend a lengthy period in equilibrium in which considerable reorganization takes place accompanied by exchange of chains with the solution. Growth competence of the stable oligomers correlates with the alignment of the strands in the ÎČ-sheets. The larger aggregates seen in our simulations are all composed of two twisted ÎČ-sheets, packed against each other with hydrophobic side chains at the sheet–sheet interface. These ÎČ-sandwiches show similarities with the proposed steric zipper structure for PHF6 fibrils but have a mixed parallel/antiparallel ÎČ-strand organization as opposed to the parallel organization found in experiments on fibrils. Interestingly, we find that the fraction of parallel ÎČ-sheet structure increases with aggregate size. We speculate that the reorganization of the ÎČ-sheets into parallel ones is an important rate-limiting step in the formation of PHF6 fibrils

    Stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-palladium(0) complexes as active catalysts for olefin cyclopropanation reactions with ethyl diazoacetate

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    The Pd(0) complexes NHCPdLn (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene ligand; L = styrene for n = 2 or PR3 for n = 1) efficiently catalyze the olefin cyclopropanation using ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) as the carbene source with activities that improve any other previous described catalytic system based on this metal. Mechanistic studies have shown that all those catalyst precursors deliver in solution the same catalytic species (IPr)Pd(sty), a 14e, unsaturated intermediate that further reacts with EDA to afford (IPr)Pd(=CHCO2Et)(sty), from which cyclopropane is formed.We thank Prof. P. J. PĂ©rez (Univ. Huelva) for helpful and constructive comments on these studies. We thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn (grants CTQ2008–00042BQU and CTQ2011–24502) and the Junta de AndalucĂ­a (Proyecto P07-FQM-02794) for financial support. CM thanks the MEC for a research fellowshipWe thank Prof. P.J. Perez (Univ. Huelva) for helpful and constructive comments on these studies. We thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (grants CTQ2008-00042BQU and CTQ2011-24502) and the Junta de Andalucia (Proyecto P07-FQM-02794) for financial support. CM thanks the MEC for a research fellowship

    Etude de l’immunitĂ© anti-tumorale et des altĂ©rations gĂ©nomiques et protĂ©iques sur une cohorte de tumeurs de vessie avec implication pronostique et thĂ©ranostique

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    Bladder cancer is the sixth higher cause of cancer death in France. The lack of individual prognostic factors encourages the search for new theranostic markers also allowing to identify therapeutic targets. The genome-wide analyzes, like those of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), allow to identify new genomic alterations that could be potential biomarkers. The emergence of immune-targeting immunotherapy (ICI) PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA4 has led to pan-cancer therapeutic trials sometimes oriented by the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 and their ligands. Regarding bladder cancer, immunotherapy is an old-fashioned approach with intra-vesical BCGtherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). ICI give very good results in bladder cancer but there is no clear identification of predictive markers of response, whether in the expression of PD-L1, mutational load assessment or molecular classifications. Our work is set in this situational analysis. We wanted to study the involvement of the immune environment and its link with oncogenic alterations and to correlate those results with the prognosis and the response to the treatment by BCGtherapy. [...] Regarding DNA mutations, 3 tumor samples (2.9%) were mutated for HRAS, 28 (27.2%) for FGFR3 and 18 (14.2%) for PIK3CA.Regarding the expression of tumor genes and immunity, for NMIBC, a multivariate analysis enabled to identify RXRA, FGFR3, the FOXP3/CD8 ratio and OX40L as independent prognostic factors significantly correlated with recurrence-free survival (p=0.0022, p=0.0069, p=0.016 and p=0.0039 respectively) and RXRA as an independent prognostic factor associated with progression-free survival to muscle infiltration (p=0.0068). An expression signature composed of RXRA, FGFR3 and CCNE1 has been identified as an independent prognostic factor in terms of both recurrence-free and progression-free survival to muscle infiltration (p=0.04 and p=0.047 respectively). Only alone the expression of FGFR3 was correlated with response to BCG treatment (p=0.037). For MIBC, a multivariate analysis enabled to identify overexpression of ERCC2 as an independent prognostic factor significantly correlated with recurrence-free survival (p=0.0011) and EGFR and E2F3 as independent prognostic factors significantly correlated with overall survival (p=0.035 and p=0.014 respectively). An expression signature composed of OX40L, CD8 and TIGIT was identified as an independent prognostic factor in terms of both recurrence-free and overall survival (p=0.0007 and p=0.007 respectively). There was a significant association between gene expression (mRNA) and protein (immunohistochemistry) for FGFR3, PD-1, PD-L1, CD8 and FOXP3 (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001 and p= 0.00000016 and p=0.00000093 respectively). Our study enabled to identify different prognostic factors in NMIBC and MIBC. In NMIBC, these are genes linked to the tumor cell, in MIBC these are genes related to the immune environment. This confirms the need for different therapeutic management based on tumor biology.Le cancer de vessie reprĂ©sente la 6Ăšme cause de mortalitĂ© par cancer en France. Le manque de facteurs pronostiques individuels incite Ă  chercher de nouveaux marqueurs thĂ©ranostiques permettant Ă©galement d’identifier des cibles thĂ©rapeutiques. Les analyses pangĂ©nomiques, comme celles du TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), ont permis d’identifier de nouvelles altĂ©rations gĂ©nomiques qui seraient de potentiels biomarqueurs. L’émergence d’immunothĂ©rapie ciblant le verrou immunitaire (ICI) PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA4 a conduit des essais thĂ©rapeutiques pan-cancers parfois orientĂ©s par l’expression de PD-1/PD-L1 et de CTLA4 et de leurs ligands. Dans le cancer de vessie, l’immunothĂ©rapie est une approche ancienne avec la BCG-thĂ©rapie intra-vĂ©sicale pour les tumeurs de vessie non infiltrant le muscle (TVNIM). Les ICI ont montrĂ© de trĂšs bons rĂ©sultats dans le cancer de vessie mais il n’est pas clairement identifiĂ© de marqueurs prĂ©dictifs de la rĂ©ponse, que ce soit l’expression de PD-L1, l’évaluation de la charge mutationnelle ou les classifications molĂ©culaires. Nos travaux s’inscrivent dans cet Ă©tat des lieux. Nous souhaitions Ă©tudier l’implication de l’environnement immunitaire et son lien avec les altĂ©rations oncogĂ©niques et corrĂ©ler ces rĂ©sultats au pronostic et Ă  la rĂ©ponse au traitement par BCG-thĂ©rapie. Concernant les mutations ADN, 3 (2,9%) Ă©chantillons tumoraux Ă©taient mutĂ©s pour HRAS, 28 (27.2%) pour FGFR3 et 18 (14,2%) pour PIK3CA. [...]Concernant l’expression des gĂšnes tumoraux et de l’immunitĂ©, pour les TVNIM, une analyse multivariĂ©e a permis d’identifier RXRA, FGFR3, le ratio FOXP3/CD8 et OX40L comme facteurs pronostiques indĂ©pendants significativement corrĂ©lĂ©s Ă  la survie sans rĂ©cidive (p=0,0022, p=0,0069, p=0,016 et p=0,0039 respectivement) et RXRA comme facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant associĂ© Ă  la survie sans progression vers l’infiltration du muscle (p=0,0068). Une signature d’expression des gĂšnes RXRA, FGFR3 et CCNE1 a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© comme facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant aussi bien en termes de survie sans rĂ©cidive qu’en termes de survie sans progression vers l’infiltration du muscle (p=0,04 et p=0,047 respectivement). Seule l’expression de FGFR3 Ă©tait corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă  la rĂ©ponse au traitement par BCG (p=0,037). Pour les TVIM, une analyse multivariĂ©e a permis d’identifier la surexpression d’ERCC2 comme Ă©tant un facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant significativement corrĂ©lĂ© Ă  la survie sans rĂ©cidive (p=0,0011) et EGFR et E2F3 comme Ă©tant des facteurs pronostiques indĂ©pendants significativement corrĂ©lĂ©s Ă  la survie globale (p=0,035 et p=0,014 respectivement). Une signature d’expression des gĂšnes OX40L, CD8 et TIGIT a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© comme facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant aussi bien en termes de survie sans rĂ©cidive qu’en termes de survie globale (p=0,0007 et p=0,007 respectivement). Il y avait une association significative entre l’expression des gĂšnes (ARNm) et protĂ©ique (immunohistochimie) pour FGFR3, PD-1, PD-L1, CD8 et FOXP3 (p<0,001, p<0,001, p<0,001 et p=0,00000016 et p=0,00000093 respectivement). Notre Ă©tude a permis d’identifier des facteurs pronostiques diffĂ©rents dans les TVNIM et les TVIM. Dans les TVNIM, il s’agit de gĂšnes liĂ©s Ă  la cellule tumorale, dans les TVIM de gĂšnes liĂ©s Ă  l’environnement immunitaire. Ceci confirme la nĂ©cessitĂ© d’une prise en charge thĂ©rapeutique diffĂ©rente basĂ©e sur la biologie de la tumeur

    Anti-tumor immunity and genomic alterations in bladder tumor with prognostic and therapeutic impact

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    Le cancer de vessie reprĂ©sente la 6Ăšme cause de mortalitĂ© par cancer en France. Le manque de facteurs pronostiques individuels incite Ă  chercher de nouveaux marqueurs thĂ©ranostiques permettant Ă©galement d’identifier des cibles thĂ©rapeutiques. Les analyses pangĂ©nomiques, comme celles du TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), ont permis d’identifier de nouvelles altĂ©rations gĂ©nomiques qui seraient de potentiels biomarqueurs. L’émergence d’immunothĂ©rapie ciblant le verrou immunitaire (ICI) PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA4 a conduit des essais thĂ©rapeutiques pan-cancers parfois orientĂ©s par l’expression de PD-1/PD-L1 et de CTLA4 et de leurs ligands. Dans le cancer de vessie, l’immunothĂ©rapie est une approche ancienne avec la BCG-thĂ©rapie intra-vĂ©sicale pour les tumeurs de vessie non infiltrant le muscle (TVNIM). Les ICI ont montrĂ© de trĂšs bons rĂ©sultats dans le cancer de vessie mais il n’est pas clairement identifiĂ© de marqueurs prĂ©dictifs de la rĂ©ponse, que ce soit l’expression de PD-L1, l’évaluation de la charge mutationnelle ou les classifications molĂ©culaires. Nos travaux s’inscrivent dans cet Ă©tat des lieux. Nous souhaitions Ă©tudier l’implication de l’environnement immunitaire et son lien avec les altĂ©rations oncogĂ©niques et corrĂ©ler ces rĂ©sultats au pronostic et Ă  la rĂ©ponse au traitement par BCG-thĂ©rapie. Concernant les mutations ADN, 3 (2,9%) Ă©chantillons tumoraux Ă©taient mutĂ©s pour HRAS, 28 (27.2%) pour FGFR3 et 18 (14,2%) pour PIK3CA. [...]Concernant l’expression des gĂšnes tumoraux et de l’immunitĂ©, pour les TVNIM, une analyse multivariĂ©e a permis d’identifier RXRA, FGFR3, le ratio FOXP3/CD8 et OX40L comme facteurs pronostiques indĂ©pendants significativement corrĂ©lĂ©s Ă  la survie sans rĂ©cidive (p=0,0022, p=0,0069, p=0,016 et p=0,0039 respectivement) et RXRA comme facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant associĂ© Ă  la survie sans progression vers l’infiltration du muscle (p=0,0068). Une signature d’expression des gĂšnes RXRA, FGFR3 et CCNE1 a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© comme facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant aussi bien en termes de survie sans rĂ©cidive qu’en termes de survie sans progression vers l’infiltration du muscle (p=0,04 et p=0,047 respectivement). Seule l’expression de FGFR3 Ă©tait corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă  la rĂ©ponse au traitement par BCG (p=0,037). Pour les TVIM, une analyse multivariĂ©e a permis d’identifier la surexpression d’ERCC2 comme Ă©tant un facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant significativement corrĂ©lĂ© Ă  la survie sans rĂ©cidive (p=0,0011) et EGFR et E2F3 comme Ă©tant des facteurs pronostiques indĂ©pendants significativement corrĂ©lĂ©s Ă  la survie globale (p=0,035 et p=0,014 respectivement). Une signature d’expression des gĂšnes OX40L, CD8 et TIGIT a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© comme facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant aussi bien en termes de survie sans rĂ©cidive qu’en termes de survie globale (p=0,0007 et p=0,007 respectivement). Il y avait une association significative entre l’expression des gĂšnes (ARNm) et protĂ©ique (immunohistochimie) pour FGFR3, PD-1, PD-L1, CD8 et FOXP3 (p<0,001, p<0,001, p<0,001 et p=0,00000016 et p=0,00000093 respectivement). Notre Ă©tude a permis d’identifier des facteurs pronostiques diffĂ©rents dans les TVNIM et les TVIM. Dans les TVNIM, il s’agit de gĂšnes liĂ©s Ă  la cellule tumorale, dans les TVIM de gĂšnes liĂ©s Ă  l’environnement immunitaire. Ceci confirme la nĂ©cessitĂ© d’une prise en charge thĂ©rapeutique diffĂ©rente basĂ©e sur la biologie de la tumeur.Bladder cancer is the sixth higher cause of cancer death in France. The lack of individual prognostic factors encourages the search for new theranostic markers also allowing to identify therapeutic targets. The genome-wide analyzes, like those of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), allow to identify new genomic alterations that could be potential biomarkers. The emergence of immune-targeting immunotherapy (ICI) PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA4 has led to pan-cancer therapeutic trials sometimes oriented by the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 and their ligands. Regarding bladder cancer, immunotherapy is an old-fashioned approach with intra-vesical BCGtherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). ICI give very good results in bladder cancer but there is no clear identification of predictive markers of response, whether in the expression of PD-L1, mutational load assessment or molecular classifications. Our work is set in this situational analysis. We wanted to study the involvement of the immune environment and its link with oncogenic alterations and to correlate those results with the prognosis and the response to the treatment by BCGtherapy. [...] Regarding DNA mutations, 3 tumor samples (2.9%) were mutated for HRAS, 28 (27.2%) for FGFR3 and 18 (14.2%) for PIK3CA.Regarding the expression of tumor genes and immunity, for NMIBC, a multivariate analysis enabled to identify RXRA, FGFR3, the FOXP3/CD8 ratio and OX40L as independent prognostic factors significantly correlated with recurrence-free survival (p=0.0022, p=0.0069, p=0.016 and p=0.0039 respectively) and RXRA as an independent prognostic factor associated with progression-free survival to muscle infiltration (p=0.0068). An expression signature composed of RXRA, FGFR3 and CCNE1 has been identified as an independent prognostic factor in terms of both recurrence-free and progression-free survival to muscle infiltration (p=0.04 and p=0.047 respectively). Only alone the expression of FGFR3 was correlated with response to BCG treatment (p=0.037). For MIBC, a multivariate analysis enabled to identify overexpression of ERCC2 as an independent prognostic factor significantly correlated with recurrence-free survival (p=0.0011) and EGFR and E2F3 as independent prognostic factors significantly correlated with overall survival (p=0.035 and p=0.014 respectively). An expression signature composed of OX40L, CD8 and TIGIT was identified as an independent prognostic factor in terms of both recurrence-free and overall survival (p=0.0007 and p=0.007 respectively). There was a significant association between gene expression (mRNA) and protein (immunohistochemistry) for FGFR3, PD-1, PD-L1, CD8 and FOXP3 (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001 and p= 0.00000016 and p=0.00000093 respectively). Our study enabled to identify different prognostic factors in NMIBC and MIBC. In NMIBC, these are genes linked to the tumor cell, in MIBC these are genes related to the immune environment. This confirms the need for different therapeutic management based on tumor biology

    Etude de l’immunitĂ© anti-tumorale et des altĂ©rations gĂ©nomiques et protĂ©iques sur une cohorte de tumeurs de vessie avec implication pronostique et thĂ©ranostique

    No full text
    Bladder cancer is the sixth higher cause of cancer death in France. The lack of individual prognostic factors encourages the search for new theranostic markers also allowing to identify therapeutic targets. The genome-wide analyzes, like those of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), allow to identify new genomic alterations that could be potential biomarkers. The emergence of immune-targeting immunotherapy (ICI) PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA4 has led to pan-cancer therapeutic trials sometimes oriented by the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 and their ligands. Regarding bladder cancer, immunotherapy is an old-fashioned approach with intra-vesical BCGtherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). ICI give very good results in bladder cancer but there is no clear identification of predictive markers of response, whether in the expression of PD-L1, mutational load assessment or molecular classifications. Our work is set in this situational analysis. We wanted to study the involvement of the immune environment and its link with oncogenic alterations and to correlate those results with the prognosis and the response to the treatment by BCGtherapy. [...] Regarding DNA mutations, 3 tumor samples (2.9%) were mutated for HRAS, 28 (27.2%) for FGFR3 and 18 (14.2%) for PIK3CA.Regarding the expression of tumor genes and immunity, for NMIBC, a multivariate analysis enabled to identify RXRA, FGFR3, the FOXP3/CD8 ratio and OX40L as independent prognostic factors significantly correlated with recurrence-free survival (p=0.0022, p=0.0069, p=0.016 and p=0.0039 respectively) and RXRA as an independent prognostic factor associated with progression-free survival to muscle infiltration (p=0.0068). An expression signature composed of RXRA, FGFR3 and CCNE1 has been identified as an independent prognostic factor in terms of both recurrence-free and progression-free survival to muscle infiltration (p=0.04 and p=0.047 respectively). Only alone the expression of FGFR3 was correlated with response to BCG treatment (p=0.037). For MIBC, a multivariate analysis enabled to identify overexpression of ERCC2 as an independent prognostic factor significantly correlated with recurrence-free survival (p=0.0011) and EGFR and E2F3 as independent prognostic factors significantly correlated with overall survival (p=0.035 and p=0.014 respectively). An expression signature composed of OX40L, CD8 and TIGIT was identified as an independent prognostic factor in terms of both recurrence-free and overall survival (p=0.0007 and p=0.007 respectively). There was a significant association between gene expression (mRNA) and protein (immunohistochemistry) for FGFR3, PD-1, PD-L1, CD8 and FOXP3 (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001 and p= 0.00000016 and p=0.00000093 respectively). Our study enabled to identify different prognostic factors in NMIBC and MIBC. In NMIBC, these are genes linked to the tumor cell, in MIBC these are genes related to the immune environment. This confirms the need for different therapeutic management based on tumor biology.Le cancer de vessie reprĂ©sente la 6Ăšme cause de mortalitĂ© par cancer en France. Le manque de facteurs pronostiques individuels incite Ă  chercher de nouveaux marqueurs thĂ©ranostiques permettant Ă©galement d’identifier des cibles thĂ©rapeutiques. Les analyses pangĂ©nomiques, comme celles du TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), ont permis d’identifier de nouvelles altĂ©rations gĂ©nomiques qui seraient de potentiels biomarqueurs. L’émergence d’immunothĂ©rapie ciblant le verrou immunitaire (ICI) PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA4 a conduit des essais thĂ©rapeutiques pan-cancers parfois orientĂ©s par l’expression de PD-1/PD-L1 et de CTLA4 et de leurs ligands. Dans le cancer de vessie, l’immunothĂ©rapie est une approche ancienne avec la BCG-thĂ©rapie intra-vĂ©sicale pour les tumeurs de vessie non infiltrant le muscle (TVNIM). Les ICI ont montrĂ© de trĂšs bons rĂ©sultats dans le cancer de vessie mais il n’est pas clairement identifiĂ© de marqueurs prĂ©dictifs de la rĂ©ponse, que ce soit l’expression de PD-L1, l’évaluation de la charge mutationnelle ou les classifications molĂ©culaires. Nos travaux s’inscrivent dans cet Ă©tat des lieux. Nous souhaitions Ă©tudier l’implication de l’environnement immunitaire et son lien avec les altĂ©rations oncogĂ©niques et corrĂ©ler ces rĂ©sultats au pronostic et Ă  la rĂ©ponse au traitement par BCG-thĂ©rapie. Concernant les mutations ADN, 3 (2,9%) Ă©chantillons tumoraux Ă©taient mutĂ©s pour HRAS, 28 (27.2%) pour FGFR3 et 18 (14,2%) pour PIK3CA. [...]Concernant l’expression des gĂšnes tumoraux et de l’immunitĂ©, pour les TVNIM, une analyse multivariĂ©e a permis d’identifier RXRA, FGFR3, le ratio FOXP3/CD8 et OX40L comme facteurs pronostiques indĂ©pendants significativement corrĂ©lĂ©s Ă  la survie sans rĂ©cidive (p=0,0022, p=0,0069, p=0,016 et p=0,0039 respectivement) et RXRA comme facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant associĂ© Ă  la survie sans progression vers l’infiltration du muscle (p=0,0068). Une signature d’expression des gĂšnes RXRA, FGFR3 et CCNE1 a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© comme facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant aussi bien en termes de survie sans rĂ©cidive qu’en termes de survie sans progression vers l’infiltration du muscle (p=0,04 et p=0,047 respectivement). Seule l’expression de FGFR3 Ă©tait corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă  la rĂ©ponse au traitement par BCG (p=0,037). Pour les TVIM, une analyse multivariĂ©e a permis d’identifier la surexpression d’ERCC2 comme Ă©tant un facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant significativement corrĂ©lĂ© Ă  la survie sans rĂ©cidive (p=0,0011) et EGFR et E2F3 comme Ă©tant des facteurs pronostiques indĂ©pendants significativement corrĂ©lĂ©s Ă  la survie globale (p=0,035 et p=0,014 respectivement). Une signature d’expression des gĂšnes OX40L, CD8 et TIGIT a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© comme facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant aussi bien en termes de survie sans rĂ©cidive qu’en termes de survie globale (p=0,0007 et p=0,007 respectivement). Il y avait une association significative entre l’expression des gĂšnes (ARNm) et protĂ©ique (immunohistochimie) pour FGFR3, PD-1, PD-L1, CD8 et FOXP3 (p<0,001, p<0,001, p<0,001 et p=0,00000016 et p=0,00000093 respectivement). Notre Ă©tude a permis d’identifier des facteurs pronostiques diffĂ©rents dans les TVNIM et les TVIM. Dans les TVNIM, il s’agit de gĂšnes liĂ©s Ă  la cellule tumorale, dans les TVIM de gĂšnes liĂ©s Ă  l’environnement immunitaire. Ceci confirme la nĂ©cessitĂ© d’une prise en charge thĂ©rapeutique diffĂ©rente basĂ©e sur la biologie de la tumeur

    Sir John Denham

    No full text

    Les tendinopathies dorsales du poignet

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    Prospection d'uranium en Mongolie : découverte majeure dans le désert de Gobi

    No full text
    Les efforts de prospection de cette derniÚre décennie ont permis de découvrir deux gisements en Mongolie, dans le bassin de Sainshand dans le désert de Gobi : Dulaan Uul et Zoovch Ovoo. C'est une nouvelle approche de prospection qui a permis de localiser plus de 60 000 tonnes d'uranium et d'ouvrir d'autres perspectives de découvertes. La technologie ISR (récupération in situ) a été déployée avec succÚs pendant six mois sur le gisement de Dulaan Uul. D'autres essais sont prévus pour évaluer les possibilités d'extraction du minerai de Zoovch Ovoo. Les travaux se poursuivent et pourraient mener à une production dÚs 2020, avec une capacité de rendement qui placerait la Mongolie parmi les premiers grands producteurs d'uranium dans le monde
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