13 research outputs found
RNA expression of TLR10 in normal equine tissues
Background: Toll like receptors are one of the major innate immune system pathogen recognition systems. There is little data on the expression of the TLR10 member of this family in the horse.
Results: This paper describes the genetic structure of the Equine TLR10 gene and its RNA expression in a range of horse tissues. It describes the phylogenetic analysis of the Equine TLR1,6,10,2 annotations in the horse genome, firmly identifying them in their corresponding gene clades compared to other species and firmly placing the horse gene with other TLR10 genes from odd-toed ungulates. Additional 3’ transcript extensions to that annotated for TLR10 in the horse genome have been identified by analysis of RNAseq data. RNA expression of the equine TLR10 gene was highest in peripheral blood mononucleocytes and lymphoid tissue (lymph nodes and spleen), however some expression was detected in all tissues tested (jejunum, caudal mesenteric lymph nodes, bronchial lymph node, spleen, lung, colon, kidney and liver). Additional data on RNAseq expression of all equine TLR genes (1–4 and 6–10) demonstrate higher expression of TLR4 than other equine TLRs in all tissues.
Conclusion: The equine TLR10 gene displays significant homology to other mammalian TLR10 genes and could be reasonably assumed to have similar fuctions. Its RNA level expression is higher in resting state PBMCs in horses than in other tissues
The impact of immediate breast reconstruction on the time to delivery of adjuvant therapy: the iBRA-2 study
Background:
Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is routinely offered to improve quality-of-life for women requiring mastectomy, but there are concerns that more complex surgery may delay adjuvant oncological treatments and compromise long-term outcomes. High-quality evidence is lacking. The iBRA-2 study aimed to investigate the impact of IBR on time to adjuvant therapy.
Methods:
Consecutive women undergoing mastectomy ± IBR for breast cancer July–December, 2016 were included. Patient demographics, operative, oncological and complication data were collected. Time from last definitive cancer surgery to first adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing mastectomy ± IBR were compared and risk factors associated with delays explored.
Results:
A total of 2540 patients were recruited from 76 centres; 1008 (39.7%) underwent IBR (implant-only [n = 675, 26.6%]; pedicled flaps [n = 105,4.1%] and free-flaps [n = 228, 8.9%]). Complications requiring re-admission or re-operation were significantly more common in patients undergoing IBR than those receiving mastectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was required by 1235 (48.6%) patients. No clinically significant differences were seen in time to adjuvant therapy between patient groups but major complications irrespective of surgery received were significantly associated with treatment delays.
Conclusions:
IBR does not result in clinically significant delays to adjuvant therapy, but post-operative complications are associated with treatment delays. Strategies to minimise complications, including careful patient selection, are required to improve outcomes for patients
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Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation
Human alterations to nutrient cycles[superscript 1,2] and herbivore communities³⁻⁷
are affecting global biodiversity dramatically². Ecological theory predicts
these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition
drives plant species loss through intensified competition for
light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing
ground-level light, particularly in productive systems[superscript 8,9]. Here we
use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions
to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused
by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to
herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents,
demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting
forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation,
independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and
climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through
light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated
light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication
can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases
ground-level light.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Nature Publishing Group and can be found at: http://www.nature.com/nature/index.htm
sj-tiff-1-ini-10.1177_17534259231205959 - Supplemental material for Obesity Alters cytokine signaling and gut microbiome in septic mice
Supplemental material, sj-tiff-1-ini-10.1177_17534259231205959 for Obesity Alters cytokine signaling and gut microbiome in septic mice by Lauren Bodilly, Lauren Williamson, Patrick Lahni and
Matthew N. Alder, David B. Haslam, Jennifer M. Kaplan in Innate Immunity</p
MOESM2 of RNA expression of TLR10 in normal equine tissues
Additional file 2. TLR 1-4 and 6-10 RNA expression in horse tissues. Peripheral blood mononucleolyte cells (PBMC) from two horses (A–B) and tissues (Kidney (C), Liver (D), Mesenteric Lymph Node (E), Spleen (F) and Jejunum (G)) from a third. Y axis = Reads per kilobase per million base pairs (RPKM), X axis = TLR gene
MOESM1 of RNA expression of TLR10 in normal equine tissues
Additional file 1. Additional tables