7 research outputs found

    Efficacité de la formation par Apprentissages par Problèmes (APP) pour l'acquisition des compétences scientifiques et techniques en Cursus Master Ingénierie

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    International audienceThe aim of this paper is to introduce problem based learning (PBL) as one of the solutions to the lack of satisfaction as regards the traditional teaching (explicit teaching) of disciplinary skills expected from an engineer. The experiment is led in a bachelor's degree in Sciences for the Engineer, within a Master's degree Engineering Program (CMI) on the course entitled Study of mechanical systems. The method held to estimate the efficiency of PBL is based on diverse criteria of efficiency such as learning gain, transfer of knowledge. The partial results obtained show that PBL is effective on the acquisition of disciplinary skills.Cet article a pour objet l'apprentissage par problèmes (APP) qui est une des solutions possible, à partir du constat de non satisfaction de l'enseignement traditionnel (explicite) vis à vis des compétences disciplinaires attendues d'un ingénieur. L'expérimentation est menée en licence sciences pour l'ingénieur dans un Cursus Master Ingénierie (CMI) sur l'UE étude des systèmes mécaniques. La méthode retenue pour évaluer l'efficacité du dispositif en APP est fondée sur divers critères de l'efficacité (exemples : gain d'apprentissage, transfert des connaissances,…). Les résultats partiels obtenus montrent que le dispositif en APP est efficace sur l'acquisition des compétences disciplinaires

    Des modèles en éducation aux analyses multivariées

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    Méthode d'analyse statistique exploratoire pour une étude comparative sur les représentations de la démarche d'investigation d'enseignants de collège

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    International audienceThe use of statistics, and in particular exploratory data analysis, in educational research present interesting perspectives. However, it is also important to discuss its relevance and the meaning of the results obtained. As such, we propose a methodological discussion based on a study concerning the introduction of a shared teaching method in French curricula of biology-geology, technology and physics-chemistry. We made a survey by questionnaire to collect the representations of teachers from the tree school subjects related to inquiry based science education (IBSE). In this communication, we propose a comparative analysis of different types of exploratory data analysis used in our research in order to highlight the different representations of teachers regarding the use of IBSE depending on their subject. We bring out, in particular, some conditions necessary in the design of a questionnaire that will be processed using principal component analysis and factorial discriminant analysis. 100 Magali Coupaud, JereMy Castera, MiChel larini, aliCe delserieys KEywords Methodology, exploratory data analysis, inquiry based science education, teachers representations résumé L'usage des statistiques, notamment exploratoires, dans le traitement de données de la recherche en éducation offre des perspectives intéressantes. Il convient cependant d'en discuter la pertinence et le sens des résultats ainsi obtenus. Dans cette perspective, nous menons une réflexion méthodologique en nous appuyant sur une étude concernant l'introduction dans les programmes d'enseignement français d'une démarche commune à l'enseignement des sciences de la vie et de la Terre, de la technologie et des sciences physiques et chimiques. Nous avons réalisé une enquête par questionnaire sur les représentations des enseignants de ces trois disciplines à propos des démarches d'investigation (DI) au collège. Nous proposons dans cette communication une analyse comparative de méthodes d'analyses statistique exploratoires utilisées dans notre recherche pour mettre en évidence les différences de représentations à propos des DI entre les enseignants des trois disciplines. Nous mettons en particulier en évidence certaines conditions nécessaires à l'élaboration d'un questionnaire destiné à être exploité par analyse en composante principale ou analyse factorielle discriminante

    Fire propagation through a multiphase media

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    Glucose-based spiro-oxathiazoles as in vivo anti-hyperglycemic agents through glycogen phosphorylase inhibition

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    International audienceThe design of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitors targeting the catalytic site of the enzyme is a promising strategy for a better control of hyperglycaemia in the context of type 2 diabetes. Glucopyranosylidene-spiro-heterocycles have been demonstrated as potent GP inhibitors, and more specifically spiro-oxathiazoles. A new synthetic route has now been elaborated through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an aryl nitrile oxide to a glucono-thionolactone affording in one step the spiro-oxathiazole moiety. The thionolactone was obtained from the thermal rearrangement of a thiosulfinate precursor according to Fairbanks’ protocols, although with a revisited outcome and also rationalised with DFT calculations. The 2-naphthyl substituted glucose-based spiro-oxathiazole 5h, identified as one of the most potent GP inhibitors (Ki = 160 nM against RMGPb) could be produced on the gram-scale from this strategy. Further evaluation in vitro using rat and human hepatocytes demonstrated that compound 5h is a anti-hyperglycaemic drug candidates performing slightly better than DAB used as a positive control. Investigation in Zucker fa/fa rat model in acute and subchronic assays further confirmed the potency of compound 5h since it lowered blood glucose levels by ∼36% at 30 mg kg−1 and ∼43% at 60 mg kg−1. The present study is one of the few in vivo investigations for glucose-based GP inhibitors and provides data in animal models for such drug candidates

    Catalytic Selective Synthesis

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