La intertextualidad en la crítica literaria argelina moderna: el ejemplo de ‘Abd al-Mālik Murtāḍ

Esta investigación trata de describir el fenómeno de la intertextualidad en la crítica literaria contemporánea tanto en los estudios occidentales como en los argelinos. El artículo pretende dar al lector una idea general sobre esta teoría, atendiendo especialmente a los trabajos del crítico argelino ‘Abd al-Mālik Murtāḍ. Este intelectual argelino ha investigado las bases de la intertextualidad y ha profundizado en sus características. Con ello, ha llegado a demostrar que la literatura árabe medieval empleó el concepto de esta teoría con diferentes usos, de lo cual se abunda en los libros de retórica árabe (balāga), en donde se da una idea muy cercana al concepto tal y como lo conocemos hoy en día

Leadership Administrative Creativity in Algerian Institutions

ان المهمة الأساسية للقادة هي شحن الأحاسيس الطيبة في نفوس أولئك الذين يقودونهم، وذلك عندما يخلق القائد شكلا من أشكال الرنين – والذي هو عبارة عن مخزون من الإيجابية تؤدي إلى تحقيق الاهداف على مستوى الفرد والمنظمة وبالتالي فإن جذور وظيفة القيادة هي في أساسها عاطفية، التي تتوقف على الجانب الابداعي الذي يبرز في التميز في التفكير والندرة والقدرة على النفاذ إلى ما وراء المباشر والمألوف من الأفكار الجديدة والمفيدة ومتصلة بحل مشكلات معينة أو تجميع وإعادة تركيب الأنماط المعروفة من المعرفة في أشكال فريدة، ولا يقتصر الإبداع على الجانب التكنيكي فحسب بل يتعدى أيضا الألات والمعدات وطرائق التصنيع والتحسينات في التنظيم نفسه ونتائج التدريب والرضا عن العمل بما يؤدي إلى ازدياد الإنتاجية بلالرغبة العارمة في استخدام قدرات العقل في تطبيقات جديدة، لإيجاد وتنفيذ أفكار، عمليات ومنتجات وخدمات جديدة، وهو يكون على مستوى الفرد أو المنظمة.The primary task of the leaders is charging sensations good in the hearts of those who lead them, and so when it creates a commander form of resonance which give rise for stocks of the positive lead to the achievement of goals at the individual level and Almntmh so the roots of the function of leadership is essentially emotional, which depends on the creative side, which highlights the excellence in thinking and scarcity and the ability to access to the direct and familiar behind new ideas and useful and connected to solving specific problems or assembly and reinstallation of the known knowledge of the styles in unique forms, not only creativity is limited at the technical side but also exceed the Machinery and equipment and methods of manufacturing and improvements in the organization itself and the results of training and job satisfaction, leading to an increase in productivity Blalrgbh overwhelming in the use of reason capabilities in new applications, to find and implement ideas, operations and new products and services, and it will be on an individual or organizational level.    &nbsp

Re-use of wastewater for a sustainable forest production and climate change mitigation under arid environments

Over the last decades biotic and abiotic constrains together with human actions are determining a substantial environmental pressure, particularly in dry lands as the south of the Mediterranean region. From very long time, indeed, simultaneous drivers such as demographic growth, climate change and socio-economic factors are weakening the previous homeostasis between human needs and natural resources on the regional scale.Resulting pressures are determining environmental degradation and increase of desertification risk for the arid and semiarid lands. Water quality and availability are both crucial points limiting people well-being and livelihoods in the same context. Scarcity of fresh water and heavy and mismanaged production of wastewater are the main factors affecting water resources. Increasing pollution of soil and ground waters reduces the possibility of sustainable development of local communities with relevant social consequences. The FAO's supporting program in north Africa aims to: a) develop new and cheaper phytotechnologies (e.g. constructed wetland system; innovative treatment system for reuse of waste water for fertigation); b) treat wastewater for water quality protection; c) promote land recovery by means of sustainable multipurpose forestry; d) adopt bioengineering interventions to stop slopes erosion and protect urban, and semi-urban infrastructures; e) create pilot demonstrative areas to test multi-purpose sustainable agroforestry systems. Within this frame, an integrated approach was designed to promote innovative sustainable water management and multipurpose forestry, in order to mitigate the effects of climate change, promote land recovery, and improve the livelihoods of local population. The present paper aims to provide an overview of the FAO project GCP/RAB/013/ITA. Particularly, two pilot studies are shown and discussed

Robust bayesian analysis of an autoregressive model with exponential innovations

In this work, robust Bayesian analysis of the Bayesian estimation of an autoregressive model with exponential innovations is performed. Using a Bayesian robustness methodology, we show that, using a suitable generalized quadratic loss, we obtain optimal Bayesian estimators of the parameters corresponding to the smallest oscillation of the posterior risks.Keywords: Autoregressive process; Bayes; Estimation; Exponential; Loss function; Robustnes

New approach to study HTS bulk behavior for a fully superconducting motor design

The originality of this work is to applied Amperian Approach for modelling HTS bulk especially in electrical motor applications. This approach has proven its efficiency in electrical materials having a constant conductivity. For HTS materials, the resistivity change brutally and have a non linear comportment through any external magnetic field variations. To success the modelisation, we have to create an iterative procedure. All simulation steps are based on the power law model for computing resistivity and current densities adding the fixed point method for non linear iterations. The majority of our results concern the current densities in the HTS bulk rotor with different critical currents constatations under mgnetic field created by three phase coils of the proposed superconducting synchronous motor (SSM) prototype. Some results are consolidated by numerical way using flux 2D software

Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

International audienceThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed