137 research outputs found

    A semantic web model for ad hoc context-aware communities : Application to the Smart Place Scenario

    No full text
    International audienceIn this paper, we propose a model for an open framework that allows mobile users to create and to participate to context-aware virtual communities. The model we propose and implement is a generic data model fully compliant with the semantic web data model RDF. This model is suited to let mobile end-users use, create and customize virtual communities. We combine fundamentals for a decentralized semantic web social network with context-aware virtual communities and services. Smart cities scenarios are typically targeted with this approach. It can be implemented in places like metro stations, museums, squares, cinemas, etc. to provide ad hoc context-aware information services to mobile users

    Acquisition des droits sociaux et égalité entre les femmes et les hommes

    Get PDF
    En France, les droits sociaux s’acquiĂšrent de deux maniĂšres : soit par le statut d’ayant droit obtenu Ă  titre principal via le mariage, soit par son propre travail. Concernant le premier, l’augmentation du nombre de divorces a fragilisĂ© la situation de certains ayants droit et soulĂšve la question de la pertinence de ce statut. Concernant le second, les femmes Ă©tant moins insĂ©rĂ©es sur le marchĂ© du travail que les hommes, elles ont de facto des droits propres moindres. Les retraites constituent le point d’orgue de ces inĂ©galitĂ©s. La rĂ©cente rĂ©forme des retraites a permis de montrer que les pensions perçues par les femmes Ă©taient bien infĂ©rieures Ă  celles perçues par les hommes. Cette situation s’explique en partie par les tĂąches domestiques et parentales qui pĂšsent sur elles et rendent leurs parcours professionnels plus chaotiques que ceux des hommes. Les compensations qui ont Ă©tĂ© introduites pour attĂ©nuer l’effet des charges familiales sur l’acquisition des droits sociaux font l’objet de discussions. La difficultĂ© consiste Ă  compenser les charges familiales, sans pour autant enfermer les femmes dans le rĂŽle qui leur est traditionnellement attribuĂ©. Le droit international des droits de l’Homme insiste sur « l’indivisibilitĂ© » des droits civils, politiques et des droits Ă©conomiques et sociaux. Mais repenser les droits sociaux dans cette perspective comporte des difficultĂ©s que la France n’a pas encore totalement levĂ©es, faute d’avoir intĂ©grĂ© pleinement le principe d’égalitĂ© entre femmes et hommes. En revanche, des mesures visant Ă  garantir une rĂ©partition plus Ă©quitable du travail domestique et marchand entre les femmes et les hommes peuvent et doivent ĂȘtre mises en place dĂšs maintenant.In France, social rights can be either derived rights, obtained through the marriage, or direct rights given by employment. According to the growth of divorces, the first one should be revised. Concerning the second one, as women are less integrated on the labour market than men, they gain less social rights. For example, the pensions received by women are inferior to the men’s one. Women are still in charge of the domestic tasks so that they interrupt their careers, or reduce their working time. It is difficult to compensate the family burden without confine them within their traditional role. A lot of actions can be implemented in order to encourage a fairer share of domestic work between women and men

    Etude et construction de schémas de subdivision quasi-linéaires sur des maillages bi-réguliers

    Get PDF
    Les schémas de subdivision et les schémas de subdivision inverse sont largement utilisés en informatiquegraphique; les uns pour lisser des objets 3D, et les autres pour minimiser le coût d encodagede l information. Ce sont les deux aspects abordés dans cette thÚse.Les travaux présentés dans le cadre de la subdivision décrivent l études et la construction d un nouveautype de schémas de subdivision. Celui-ci unifie deux schémas de subdivision de type géométriquesdifférents. Cela permet de modéliser des objets 3D composés de zones issues de l applicationd un schéma approximant et de zones issues de l application d un schéma interpolant. Dans le cadrede la subdivision inverse, Nous présentons une méthode de construction des schémas de subdivisionbi-réguliers inverses (quadrilatÚres et triangles)Subdivision schemes are commonly used to generate a smooth shape from a much more coarseone. The reverse subdivision is designed to describe a high resolution mesh from a coarse one. Bothof these tools are used in numerous graphical modelisation domains. In this thesis, we focused ontwo distinct aspects: on one hand the construction of quasi-linear subdivision schemes and on theother hand the construction of reverse quad/triangle subdivision schemes. The work, presented inthe context of the subdivision, describes the construction of a new type of subdivision schemes, andtheirs applications to solve some problems coming from the application of linear subdivision schemes.The work presented in the context of the reverse subdivision describes a new method to reverse thequad/triangle subdivision schemesDIJON-BU Doc.électronique (212319901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Trade unions and work-life balance: changing times in France and the UK?

    Get PDF
    The mixed empirical findings to date have indicated that some, but not all, unions in industrialized countries are actively involved in campaigning and bargaining around work–life balance (WLB) issues, as part of a modernization agenda linked to feminization and to ‘positive flexibility’. This article seeks to identify factors that might encourage or inhibit trade unions from involvement in WLB issues, within a cross-national comparative perspective focusing on two countries (France and the UK) that have contrasting working time regimes and approaches to WLB. It draws on original research carried out in two sectors — insurance and social work — in these two countries. The article links the emergence of union WLB programmes and bargaining agendas to genderequality concerns within the union and to the gender composition of the sector, as well as to the working time regime, including the mode of action, partnership being a significant corollary of WLB campaigning in the UK. We find support for the modernization thesis in the UK, particularly in the public sector, but within severe constraints defined by employer initiative

    Variational geometric modeling with black box constraints and DAGs

    Get PDF
    CAD modelers enable designers to construct complex 3D shapes with high-level B-Rep operators. This avoids the burden of low level geometric manipulations. However a gap still exists between the shape that the designers have in mind and the way they have to decompose it into a sequence of modeling steps. To bridge this gap, Variational Modeling enables designers to specify constraints the shape must respect. The constraints are converted into an explicit system of mathematical equations (potentially with some inequalities) which the modeler numerically solves. However, most of available programs are 2D sketchers, basically because in higher dimension some constraints may have complex mathematical expressions. This paper introduces a new approach to sketch constrained 3D shapes. The main idea is to replace explicit systems of mathematical equations with (mainly) Computer Graphics routines considered as Black Box Constraints. The obvious difficulty is that the arguments of all routines must have known numerical values. The paper shows how to solve this issue, i.e., how to solve and optimize without equations. The feasibility and promises of this approach are illustrated with the developed DECO (Deformation by Constraints) prototype.The authors would like to thank the two French Institutes Carnot ARTS and Carnot STAR for their support to this research project. Lincong Fang thanks for their support the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61272300), the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LQ13F020003) and the China Scholarship Council

    Tom à la ferme. Les confins : un contre de fées

    No full text

    Étude translationnelle des interactions cerveau-foie dans les troubles de l'usage de l'alcool

    No full text
    In AUD patients, hepatic and cerebral lesions are frequent and varied in their nature and severity. This heterogeneity is notably due to the parameters of alcohol consumption, genetic background and comorbidities. Inflammation could play a central role in the development of these disorders, especially in the communication between the liver and the brain. The objective of this thesis was to study the development of liver and brain damage as well as the role of inflammation in AUD patients and in two animal models of chronic exposure to alcohol. We have shown that in AUD patients, systemic inflammation is correlated with hepatic fibrosis and brain volume. In a rat model with a genetic preference for alcohol, a local inflammatory response is observed in the brain and liver and accompanies brain damage (volume and fiber integrity, similar to that of AUD patients), after 12 months exposure to alcohol. The longitudinal study in a mouse model without genetic predisposition to alcohol, showed that chronic alcohol consumption (at the same doses as for the alcohol-preferring strain) causes cognitive and motor damage in the absence of detectable brain abnormalities on MRI, but was accompanied by liver inflammation and microglial activation in the brain. Repeated periods of cessation lead to more severe peripheral inflammation, which worsens with age. The inhibition of the brain inflammatory response through the injection of minocycline promoted the spontaneous decrease in alcohol consumption, but had no beneficial effect on cognitive deficits. Inflammation seems to be a primary factor in the communication between the liver and the brain, and it is necessary to target the right actors of the inflammatory processes in the potential treatments to reduce not only the consumption of alcohol but also the behavioral and cerebral deficits in AUD patients.Chez les patients avec un trouble de l’usage de l’alcool (TUAL), les atteintes hĂ©patiques et cĂ©rĂ©bralessont frĂ©quentes et variĂ©es dans leur nature et leur sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ©. Cette hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© est notamment dueaux modalitĂ©s de la consommation d’alcool, au terrain gĂ©nĂ©tique et aux comorbiditĂ©s. L’inflammationpourrait jouer un rĂŽle central dans le dĂ©veloppement de ces atteintes, notamment dans lacommunication entre le foie et le cerveau. L’objectif de cette thĂšse est donc d’étudier ledĂ©veloppement des atteintes hĂ©patiques et cĂ©rĂ©brales ainsi que le rĂŽle de l’inflammation chez lespatients TUAL et dans deux modĂšles animaux d’exposition chronique Ă  l’alcool. Nous avons ainsimontrĂ© que chez les patients TUAL, l’inflammation systĂ©mique est corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă  la fibrose hĂ©patique etau volume cĂ©rĂ©bral. Dans un modĂšle de rat avec une prĂ©fĂ©rence gĂ©nĂ©tique pour l’alcool, une rĂ©ponseinflammatoire locale est observĂ©e au niveau cĂ©rĂ©bral et hĂ©patique et accompagne les atteintescĂ©rĂ©brales (volumiques et d’intĂ©gritĂ© des fibres, similaires Ă  celles des patients TUAL), aprĂšs 12 moisd’exposition Ă  l’alcool. L’étude longitudinale dans un modĂšle murin sans prĂ©disposition gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă l’alcool, a montrĂ© qu’une consommation chronique d’alcool (aux mĂȘmes doses que pour la soucheprĂ©fĂ©rente) cause des atteintes cognitives et motrices en l’absence d’anomalies cĂ©rĂ©brales dĂ©tectablesĂ  l’IRM, mais accompagnĂ©es en revanche d’inflammation hĂ©patique et une activation microgliale auniveau cĂ©rĂ©bral. Les pĂ©riodes rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©es d’abstinence entrainent une inflammation pĂ©riphĂ©rique plussĂ©vĂšre et s’aggravant avec l’ñge. L’inhibition de la rĂ©ponse inflammatoire cĂ©rĂ©brale Ă  travers l’injectionde minocycline favorise la diminution spontanĂ©e de la consommation d’alcool, mais n’a pas d’effetbĂ©nĂ©fique sur les dĂ©ficits cognitifs. L’inflammation semble ĂȘtre un facteur primordial dans lacommunication entre le foie et le cerveau, et il est nĂ©cessaire de cibler les bons acteurs des processusinflammatoires dans les potentiels traitements pour diminuer non seulement la consommationd’alcool mais aussi les dĂ©ficits comportementaux et cĂ©rĂ©braux chez les patients TUAL

    Utilisation des cultures dans la systématique des Vararia Karst subg. Dichostereum (Pilat) Boid. (BasidiomycÚtes Lachnocladiaceae)

    No full text
    Comparative studies of cultural characters (conidia, conidiophores...). Nuclear behaviors : subnormal in V. granulosa, heterocytic in all others. V. pallescens, V. aff. dura and V. rhodospora are tetrapolar ; the type of heterothallism of V. ramulosa can not be stated precisely by the monoconidian cultures only. Importance of confrontations of monosporous and of monoconidians for the delimitation of species. Key of determination by the cultural characters and key of determination by the characters of basidiocarps.Etude comparĂ©e des caractĂšres culturaux (conidies, conidiophores...). Comportement nuclĂ©aire subnormal chez V. granulosa, hĂ©tĂ©rocytique chez tous les autres. V. pallescens, V. aff. dura et V. rhodospora sont tĂ©trapolaires ; le type d'hĂ©tĂ©rothalie de V. ramulosa ne peut ĂȘtre prĂ©cisĂ© avec les seules cultures monoconidiennes. Importance des confrontations de monospermes et de mono-conidiens pour la dĂ©limitation des espĂšces. ClĂ©s de dĂ©termination par les caractĂšres culturaux et par les caractĂšres des basidiomes.Lanquetin Paule. Utilisation des cultures dans la systĂ©matique des Vararia Karst subg. Dichostereum (Pilat) Boid. (BasidiomycĂštes Lachnocladiaceae). In: Bulletin mensuel de la SociĂ©tĂ© linnĂ©enne de Lyon, 42ᔉ annĂ©e, n°7, septembre 1973. pp. 167-192

    Étude translationnelle des interactions cerveau-foie dans les troubles de l'usage de l'alcool

    No full text
    In AUD patients, hepatic and cerebral lesions are frequent and varied in their nature and severity. This heterogeneity is notably due to the parameters of alcohol consumption, genetic background and comorbidities. Inflammation could play a central role in the development of these disorders, especially in the communication between the liver and the brain. The objective of this thesis was to study the development of liver and brain damage as well as the role of inflammation in AUD patients and in two animal models of chronic exposure to alcohol. We have shown that in AUD patients, systemic inflammation is correlated with hepatic fibrosis and brain volume. In a rat model with a genetic preference for alcohol, a local inflammatory response is observed in the brain and liver and accompanies brain damage (volume and fiber integrity, similar to that of AUD patients), after 12 months exposure to alcohol. The longitudinal study in a mouse model without genetic predisposition to alcohol, showed that chronic alcohol consumption (at the same doses as for the alcohol-preferring strain) causes cognitive and motor damage in the absence of detectable brain abnormalities on MRI, but was accompanied by liver inflammation and microglial activation in the brain. Repeated periods of cessation lead to more severe peripheral inflammation, which worsens with age. The inhibition of the brain inflammatory response through the injection of minocycline promoted the spontaneous decrease in alcohol consumption, but had no beneficial effect on cognitive deficits. Inflammation seems to be a primary factor in the communication between the liver and the brain, and it is necessary to target the right actors of the inflammatory processes in the potential treatments to reduce not only the consumption of alcohol but also the behavioral and cerebral deficits in AUD patients.Chez les patients avec un trouble de l’usage de l’alcool (TUAL), les atteintes hĂ©patiques et cĂ©rĂ©bralessont frĂ©quentes et variĂ©es dans leur nature et leur sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ©. Cette hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© est notamment dueaux modalitĂ©s de la consommation d’alcool, au terrain gĂ©nĂ©tique et aux comorbiditĂ©s. L’inflammationpourrait jouer un rĂŽle central dans le dĂ©veloppement de ces atteintes, notamment dans lacommunication entre le foie et le cerveau. L’objectif de cette thĂšse est donc d’étudier ledĂ©veloppement des atteintes hĂ©patiques et cĂ©rĂ©brales ainsi que le rĂŽle de l’inflammation chez lespatients TUAL et dans deux modĂšles animaux d’exposition chronique Ă  l’alcool. Nous avons ainsimontrĂ© que chez les patients TUAL, l’inflammation systĂ©mique est corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă  la fibrose hĂ©patique etau volume cĂ©rĂ©bral. Dans un modĂšle de rat avec une prĂ©fĂ©rence gĂ©nĂ©tique pour l’alcool, une rĂ©ponseinflammatoire locale est observĂ©e au niveau cĂ©rĂ©bral et hĂ©patique et accompagne les atteintescĂ©rĂ©brales (volumiques et d’intĂ©gritĂ© des fibres, similaires Ă  celles des patients TUAL), aprĂšs 12 moisd’exposition Ă  l’alcool. L’étude longitudinale dans un modĂšle murin sans prĂ©disposition gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă l’alcool, a montrĂ© qu’une consommation chronique d’alcool (aux mĂȘmes doses que pour la soucheprĂ©fĂ©rente) cause des atteintes cognitives et motrices en l’absence d’anomalies cĂ©rĂ©brales dĂ©tectablesĂ  l’IRM, mais accompagnĂ©es en revanche d’inflammation hĂ©patique et une activation microgliale auniveau cĂ©rĂ©bral. Les pĂ©riodes rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©es d’abstinence entrainent une inflammation pĂ©riphĂ©rique plussĂ©vĂšre et s’aggravant avec l’ñge. L’inhibition de la rĂ©ponse inflammatoire cĂ©rĂ©brale Ă  travers l’injectionde minocycline favorise la diminution spontanĂ©e de la consommation d’alcool, mais n’a pas d’effetbĂ©nĂ©fique sur les dĂ©ficits cognitifs. L’inflammation semble ĂȘtre un facteur primordial dans lacommunication entre le foie et le cerveau, et il est nĂ©cessaire de cibler les bons acteurs des processusinflammatoires dans les potentiels traitements pour diminuer non seulement la consommationd’alcool mais aussi les dĂ©ficits comportementaux et cĂ©rĂ©braux chez les patients TUAL
    • 

    corecore