500 research outputs found
(E)-3-Bromo-N′-(2-chlorobenzylidene)benzohydrazide
The title compound, C14H10BrClN2O, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde with an equimolar quantity of 3-bromobenzohydrazide in methanol. The molecule displays an E configuration about the C=N bond. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 13.0 (2)°. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked through intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the c axis
(E)-3-Bromo-N′-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
The title compound, C14H10Br2N2O2, was synthesized by the reaction of 5-bromosalicylaldehyde with an equimolar quantity of 3-bromobenzohydrazide in methanol. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 10.5 (4)°. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked through intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form chains parallel to the c axis, and an intramolecular O—H⋯N interaction also occurs
Genomic Inference of the Metabolism and Evolution of the Archaeal Phylum Aigarchaeota
Microbes of the phylum Aigarchaeota are widely distributed in geothermal environments, but their physiological and ecological roles are poorly understood. Here we analyze six Aigarchaeota metagenomic bins from two circumneutral hot springs in Tengchong, China, to reveal that they are either strict or facultative anaerobes, and most are chemolithotrophs that can perform sulfide oxidation. Applying comparative genomics to the Thaumarchaeota and Aigarchaeota, we find that they both originated from thermal habitats, sharing 1154 genes with their common ancestor. Horizontal gene transfer played a crucial role in shaping genetic diversity of Aigarchaeota and led to functional partitioning and ecological divergence among sympatric microbes, as several key functional innovations were endowed by Bacteria, including dissimilatory sulfite reduction and possibly carbon monoxide oxidation. Our study expands our knowledge of the possible ecological roles of the Aigarchaeota and clarifies their evolutionary relationship to their sister lineage Thaumarchaeota
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An animal model of SARS produced by infection of Macaca mulatta with SARS coronavirus.
A new SARS animal model was established by inoculating SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) into rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) through the nasal cavity. Pathological pulmonary changes were successively detected on days 5-60 after virus inoculation. All eight animals showed a transient fever 2-3 days after inoculation. Immunological, molecular biological, and pathological studies support the establishment of this SARS animal model. Firstly, SARS-CoV-specific IgGs were detected in the sera of macaques from 11 to 60 days after inoculation. Secondly, SARS-CoV RNA could be detected in pharyngeal swab samples using nested RT-PCR in all infected animals from 5 days after virus inoculation. Finally, histopathological changes of interstitial pneumonia were found in the lungs during the 60 days after viral inoculation: these changes were less marked at later time points, indicating that an active healing process together with resolution of an acute inflammatory response was taking place in these animals. This animal model should provide insight into the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-related pulmonary disease and greatly facilitate the development of vaccines and therapeutics against SARS
Detection of insertion/deletions (indels) of the <i>ATBF1</i> gene and their effects on growth-related traits in three indigenous goat breeds
The AT motif-binding factor (ATBF1), also known as zinc finger homeobox 3
(ZFXH3), is necessary for activating the POU1F1 gene; thus,
the ATBF1 gene greatly affects the grow traits in animals. The
objective of this work was to explore novel indel (insertion/deletion)
variations and their associations with growth traits in three native Chinese
goat breeds. Two indels within the ATBF1 gene were found in the
Shaanbei white cashmere goat (SWCG; n = 581), the Guanzhong dairy goat
(GZDG; n = 334) and the Hainan black goat (HNBG; n = 270) for the first time
using 12 pairs of primers. Association analysis revealed that the P1-12-bp
indel was consistently correlated with the body height of the three breeds,
and individuals with ID (insertion/deletion) and
DD (deletion/deletion) genotypes had a higher body weight than the
II (insertion/insertion) genotype (P = 0.036); the P11-6-bp indel
was consistently correlated with chest circumference and hip width of the
three breeds. Moreover, these two loci were associated with other several
growth-related traits in different breeds. Hence, these findings indicated
that the goat ATBF1 gene had marked effects on growth traits and the
growth-trait-related loci, which would contribute to improving the
growth-related traits of local breeds in the goat industry by implementing
marker-assisted selection (MAS).</p
Mechanism for Selective Binding of Aromatic Compounds on Oxygen-Rich Graphene Nanosheets Based on Molecule Size/Polarity Matching
Selective binding of organic compounds is the cornerstone of many important industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Here, we achieved highly selective binding of aromatic compounds in aqueous solution and gas phase by oxygen-enriched graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets via a previously unknown mechanism based on size matching and polarity matching. Oxygen-containing functional groups (predominately epoxies and hydroxyls) on the nongraphitized aliphatic carbons of the basal plane of GO formed highly polar regions that encompass graphitic regions slightly larger than the benzene ring. This facilitated size match–based interactions between small apolar compounds and the isolated aromatic region of GO, resulting in high binding selectivity relative to larger apolar compounds. The interactions between the functional group(s) of polar aromatics and the epoxy/hydroxyl groups around the isolated aromatic region of GO enhanced binding selectivity relative to similar-sized apolar aromatics. These findings provide opportunities for precision separations and molecular recognition enabled by size/polarity match–based selectivity
Effects of fluoride on coagulation performance of aluminum chloride towards Kaolin suspension
Fluorescent nanoparticles for sensing
Nanoparticle-based fluorescent sensors have emerged as a competitive
alternative to small molecule sensors, due to their excellent
fluorescence-based sensing capabilities. The tailorability of design,
architecture, and photophysical properties has attracted the attention of many
research groups, resulting in numerous reports related to novel nanosensors
applied in sensing a vast variety of biological analytes. Although
semiconducting quantum dots have been the best-known representative of
fluorescent nanoparticles for a long time, the increasing popularity of new
classes of organic nanoparticle-based sensors, such as carbon dots and
polymeric nanoparticles, is due to their biocompatibility, ease of synthesis,
and biofunctionalization capabilities. For instance, fluorescent gold and
silver nanoclusters have emerged as a less cytotoxic replacement for
semiconducting quantum dot sensors. This chapter provides an overview of recent
developments in nanoparticle-based sensors for chemical and biological sensing
and includes a discussion on unique properties of nanoparticles of different
composition, along with their basic mechanism of fluorescence, route of
synthesis, and their advantages and limitations
Identification of a Known Mutation in Notch 3 in Familiar CADASIL in China
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited disease leading to recurrent ischemic stroke and vascular dementia. Numerous mutations in the 23 exons of the NOTCH3 gene have been reported to cause CADASIL in Caucasian populations, but the full spectrum of genetic changes leading to this disease is yet to be known and, especially, very few reports are available on CADASIL in Asian populations.We genotyped members of a 5-generational Han Chinese family with CADASIL patients and identified an R133C mutation in the NOTCH3 gene. Clinical analysis demonstrated that the penetrance of the mutation was not complete. Five of the mutation carriers, not exposed to the known vascular risk factors, did not show any clinical feature of CADASIL, suggesting the importance of environmental factors to the development of this disease.Members of a 5-generational Han Chinese family with CADASIL patients had an R133C mutation in the NOTCH3 gene but only individuals exposed to known vascular risk factors developed CADASIL
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