Genetic factors affecting milk production in a selected Holstein-Friesian herd

"September, 1950."Analyses were made of all normal lactation records (up to the ninth record of each cow) in the Missouri Station Holstein-Friesian herd from its foundation in 1902 to January 1, 1950. There were 314 cows with a total of 933 lactation records. The progeny of 34 herd sires were represented. Within the 34 sire progeny groups are 299 daughters with records and 270 daughter-dam pairs. All lactation records were standardized to a herd test, 305 day, 2x, mature equivalent basis by means of factors derived from the data. A significant upward time trend in production was found. Differences between 5 year periods accounted for 5.5 per cent of the total variance in milk production, 20.4 per cent of the total variance in butterfat production and 38 .8 per cent of the total variance in butterfat percentage. Estimates of the repeatability of contemporary production records were 0.41 for milk production, 0.36 for butterfat production and 0.61 for butterfat percentage. Heritability estimates derived from the intra-sire regression of daughter on dam were found to be: 0.36 for milk production, 0.29 for butterfat production and 0.54 for butterfat percentage. Lifetime average es were used a s the measure of each cow's producing ability but the heritability estimates were expressed on a single record basis. Variation of daughters and dams records was found to be essentially equal. When each cow's lifetime average was expressed as her "most probable producing ability" no increase was observed in the correlation between the records of daughter and dam. The correlation between lifetime average milk and butterfat yield was found to be + 0.89, between milk and butterfat per cent - 0.10 and between butterfat yield and butterfat per cent + 0.35. The corresponding genetic correlations were estimated by two methods: ( a ) by the ratios of appropriate regression coefficients and ( b) by the ratios of genetic covariance to the geometric mean of genetic variance estimates. The estimated genetic correlations by method ( a ) were: + 0.87 between milk and butterfat yield. - 0.52 between milk yield and butterfat per cent, and -0.03 between butterfat yield and butterfat per cent. The three estimates by method ( b) were : + 0.99, - 0.20 and -0.13 respectively. Both the gross and genetic correlations indicate that a slight but real relative decline in butterfat percentage may be expected to accompany increased milk production. The effect of mild inbreeding was analyze d by the intra-sire regression of production on inbreeding. A significant decline of 66 pounds of milk and 2 pounds of butterfat p e r one percent in crease in inbreeding was observed. Th er e was no significant effect on butterfat percentage. The performance of herd sires a s indicated by daughter-dam comparison s is presented for 20 sires having at least 5 daughter-dam pairs. Ten of these sires increased milk production, 15 increased butterfat production, and 13 increased butterfat percentage of their daughters over their corresponding dams. No evidence of nicking was found in a tabulation of sires' daughters according to their maternal grandsires

The Use of Demonstration Method to Improve the Students’ English Vocabulary at the First Year of MAN 1 Makassar

Based on the data above, the researcher concluded that Demonstration Method was able to improve the students’ English vocabulary. This research had proved that learning Demonstration Method was successful in teaching English vocabulary. It used a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Therefore, the researcher suggested to all teachers of English to use Demonstration Method to improve the students’ English vocabulary

ANALISIS TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF PADA TIKTOK LIVE AKUN @erigo.store

Media sosial merupakan media yang memudahkan aktivitas manusia. Salah satu aktivitas yang digemari adalah belanja online. Media yang dapat digunakan untuk berbelanja online adalah TikTok. Melalui TikTok, para pelaku usaha dapat melakukan kegiatan TikTok Live Shopping yang lebih interaktif dengan audiens. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknik komunikasi persuasif apa saja yang digunakan oleh akun TikTok @erigo.store. Peneliti menggunakan teori komunikasi persuasif yang ditulis oleh Ezi Hendri. Kajian komunikasi verbal dan nonverbal juga diteliti guna mengetahui praktik secara langsung ketika melangsungkan kegiatan TikTok Live Shopping. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode observasi dan dokumentasi. Data dalam penelitian ini akan diperoleh dari dokumentasi atau rekaman layar pada akun TikTok Live @erigo.store. Hasil dalam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TikTok Live Shopping merupakan kegiatan belanja online yang baru karena lebih interaktif dan dapat dilakukan dimana saja dan kapan saja. Komunikasi persuasif merupakan salah satu teknik yang digunakan untuk mempromosikan produk yang dijual. Kelima teknik komunikasi persuasif yang diterapkan oleh akun @erigo.store yaitu teknik transfer, teknik bandwagon, teknik planting, teknik appeals to humor, dan teknik effect of repetition telah ditemukan dan memiliki dampak bagi pemasaran produknya. Dampak yang dihasilkan yaitu berupa keputusan pembelian dari para penonton yang dapat dilihat pada ruangan live

Synthetic aperture radar and optical remote sensing image fusion for flood monitoring in the Vietnam lower Mekong basin: a prototype application for the Vietnam Open Data Cube

Flood monitoring systems are crucial for flood management and consequence mitigation in flood prone regions. Different remote sensing techniques are increasingly used for this purpose. However, the different approaches suffer various limitations, including cloud and weather effects (optical data), and low spatial resolution and poor colour presentation (synthetic aperture radar data). This study fuses two data types (Landsat and Sentinel-1) to overcome these limitations and produce better quality images for a prototype flood application in the Vietnam Open Data Cube (VODC). Visual and quantitative evaluation of fused image quality revealed improvement in the images compared with the original scenes. Ground-truth data was used to develop the study flood extraction algorithm and we found a good agreement between our results and SERVIR Mekong (a joint initiative by the US agency for International Development (USAID), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam) maps. While the algorithm is run on a personal computer (PC), it has a clear potential to be developed for application on a big data system

Purging of inbreeding depression within the Irish Holstein-Friesian population

The objective of this study was to investigate whether inbreeding depression in milk production or fertility performance has been partially purged due to selection within the Irish Holstein-Friesian population. Classical, ancestral (i.e., the inbreeding of an individual's ancestors according to two different formulae) and new inbreeding coefficients (i.e., part of the classical inbreeding coefficient that is not accounted for by ancestral inbreeding) were computed for all animals. The effect of each coefficient on 305-day milk, fat and protein yield as well as calving interval, age at first calving and survival to second lactation was investigated. Ancestral inbreeding accounting for all common ancestors in the pedigree had a positive effect on 305-day milk and protein yield, increasing yields by 4.85 kg and 0.12 kg, respectively. However, ancestral inbreeding accounting only for those common ancestors, which contribute to the classical inbreeding coefficient had a negative effect on all milk production traits decreasing 305-day milk, fat and protein yields by -8.85 kg, -0.53 kg and -0.33 kg, respectively. Classical, ancestral and new inbreeding generally had a detrimental effect on fertility and survival traits. From this study, it appears that Irish Holstein-Friesians have purged some of their genetic load for milk production through many years of selection based on production alone, while fertility, which has been less intensely selected for in the population demonstrates no evidence of purging

What Is the Evidence to Support the Use of Therapeutic Gardens for the Elderly?

Horticulture therapy employs plants and gardening activities in therapeutic and rehabilitation activities and could be utilized to improve the quality of life of the worldwide aging population, possibly reducing costs for long-term, assisted living and dementia unit residents. Preliminary studies have reported the benefits of horticultural therapy and garden settings in reduction of pain, improvement in attention, lessening of stress, modulation of agitation, lowering of as needed medications, antipsychotics and reduction of falls. This is especially relevant for both the United States and the Republic of Korea since aging is occurring at an unprecedented rate, with Korea experiencing some of the world's greatest increases in elderly populations. In support of the role of nature as a therapeutic modality in geriatrics, most of the existing studies of garden settings have utilized views of nature or indoor plants with sparse studies employing therapeutic gardens and rehabilitation greenhouses. With few controlled clinical trials demonstrating the positive or negative effects of the use of garden settings for the rehabilitation of the aging populations, a more vigorous quantitative analysis of the benefits is long overdue. This literature review presents the data supporting future studies of the effects of natural settings for the long term care and rehabilitation of the elderly having the medical and mental health problems frequently occurring with aging