720 research outputs found

    Invoice from Adolfo Loewi to Mr. Robert Goelet

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    https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/goelet-personal-expenses/1324/thumbnail.jp

    From the workshop of discoveries

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    62 p. 22 cm

    Monocyte Scintigraphy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Dynamics of Monocyte Migration in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease

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    Background: Macrophages are principal drivers of synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a prototype immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Conceivably, synovial macrophages are continuously replaced by circulating monocytes in RA. Animal studies from the 1960s suggested that macrophage replacement by monocytes is a slow process in chronic inflammatory lesions. Translation of these data into the human condition has been hampered by the lack of available techniques to analyze monocyte migration in man. Methods/Principal Findings: We developed a technique that enabled us to analyze the migration of labelled autologous monocytes in RA patients using single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT). We isolated CD14+ monocytes by CliniMACS in 8 patients and labeled these with technetium-99m (99m-Tc-HMPAO). Monocytes were re-infused into the same patient. Using SPECT we calculated that a very small but specific fraction of 3.4x10(-3) (0.95-5.1x10(-3)) % of re-infused monocytes migrated to the inflamed joints, being detectable within one hour after re-infusion. Conclusions/Significance: The results indicate monocytes migrate continuously into the inflamed synovial tissue of RA patients, but at a slow macrophage-replacement rate. This suggests that the rapid decrease in synovial macrophages that occurs after antirheumatic treatment might rather be explained by an alteration in macrophage retention than in monocyte influx and that RA might be particularly sensitive to treatments targeting inflammatory cell retention

    Using DEA to Assess the Seven Schools in the Oregon University System (OUS)

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    This paper uses Data Envelopment Analysis with information gleaned from the website of the Oregon University System, www.ous.edu, in an attempt to gain a better understanding of state\u27s higher education system, and in particular, of course, of Portland State University. Two different approaches are used, as a function of data availability: the Malmquist Productivity Index for one set of data and a more traditional envelopment model for the other. In this paper we will also discuss issues of model building and the use of Professor Joe Zhu\u27s DEA Solver software. In general we found this exercise interesting but frustrating. The difficulty involved in collecting meaningful data (in particular financial information) left us feeling that we had only scratched the surface of a very hard problem. We have ongoing questions about the application of the rule surrounding the ratio of DMUs to the sum of inputs and outputs, especially in a Malmquist context. In addition, we have questions about using Malmquist when the frontier of best performance moves backwards as well as forwards, something not usually encountered in technology. Even if the technique is capable of handling such a situation, in a mathematical sense, we had a hard time making intuitive sense of it. And apart from showing a list of numbers, how might a case of rising and falling efficiency (due, perhaps, to bad economic conditions and tight budgets) be represented graphically. In the end, we feel that while DEA may present an excellent way to generate red flags, or indications that a subject needs to be studied more closely, we are not at all sure that we would want to base any serious decisions on DEA alone. Is this, in fact, the way the technique should be used? Are we talking about something rather more exploratory than analytical, at least in education? Note: The presentation associated with this report is included here as a supplemental file
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