66 research outputs found
Ação de fitoreguladores no desenvolvimento de Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.
Plants of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum grown in pots with soil under greenhouse conditions, were sprayed with growth regulators twice, in May and June, to study the development of the plants in October. Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) at concentrations of 1250, 2500 and 5000 ppm, (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2000 ppm, (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (CEPA) 320 ppm, maleic hydrazide (MH;) 1000 ppm, gibberellic acid (GA) 50 and 100 ppm, indolylacetic acid (IAA) 100 ppm, and water as check treatment, were applied. MH 1000 ppm reduced the number of leaves and stems. SADH treatments reduced the shoot growth and the number of stems. Applications of IAA 100 ppm promoted the formation of higher number of leaves and stems in Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. It was seen that sprays with GA at a concentration of 100 ppm elongated shoots.Plantas ornamentais de Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, cultivadas em recipientes contendo solo como substrato, em condições de estufa, foram pulverizadas em maio e junho com reguladores de crescimento, com a finalidade de se verificar a ação dos mesmos no desenvolvimento das plantas, determinado em outubro. Aplicaram-se SADH nas concentrações de 1250, 2500 e 5000 ppm, CCC na dosagem de 2000 ppm, CEPA 320 ppm, MH 1000 ppm, GA 50 e 100 ppm, IAA 100 ppm e água como controle. Hidrazida maleica 1000 ppm reduziu o número de folhas e hastes formadas. Tratamentos com ácido succínico - 2,2-dimetilhidrazida diminuiram a altura do caule e o número de hastes das plantas. Aplicações de ácido indolilacético 100 ppm promoveram a formação de maior número de folhas e de hastes em Chrysanthemum. Pulverizações com ácido giberélico 100 ppm incrementaram a altura do caule da espécie estudada
Energy Flow in the Hadronic Final State of Diffractive and Non-Diffractive Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA
An investigation of the hadronic final state in diffractive and
non--diffractive deep--inelastic electron--proton scattering at HERA is
presented, where diffractive data are selected experimentally by demanding a
large gap in pseudo --rapidity around the proton remnant direction. The
transverse energy flow in the hadronic final state is evaluated using a set of
estimators which quantify topological properties. Using available Monte Carlo
QCD calculations, it is demonstrated that the final state in diffractive DIS
exhibits the features expected if the interaction is interpreted as the
scattering of an electron off a current quark with associated effects of
perturbative QCD. A model in which deep--inelastic diffraction is taken to be
the exchange of a pomeron with partonic structure is found to reproduce the
measurements well. Models for deep--inelastic scattering, in which a
sizeable diffractive contribution is present because of non--perturbative
effects in the production of the hadronic final state, reproduce the general
tendencies of the data but in all give a worse description.Comment: 22 pages, latex, 6 Figures appended as uuencoded fil
Measurement of Leading Proton and Neutron Production in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA
Deep--inelastic scattering events with a leading baryon have been detected by
the H1 experiment at HERA using a forward proton spectrometer and a forward
neutron calorimeter. Semi--inclusive cross sections have been measured in the
kinematic region 2 <= Q^2 <= 50 GeV^2, 6.10^-5 <= x <= 6.10^-3 and baryon p_T
<= MeV, for events with a final state proton with energy 580 <= E' <= 740 GeV,
or a neutron with energy E' >= 160 GeV. The measurements are used to test
production models and factorization hypotheses. A Regge model of leading baryon
production which consists of pion, pomeron and secondary reggeon exchanges
gives an acceptable description of both semi-inclusive cross sections in the
region 0.7 <= E'/E_p <= 0.9, where E_p is the proton beam energy. The leading
neutron data are used to estimate for the first time the structure function of
the pion at small Bjorken--x.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Eur. Phys.
Two truncating variants in FANCC and breast cancer risk
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with 22 disease-causing genes reported to date. In some FA genes, monoallelic mutations have been found to be associated with breast cancer risk, while the risk associations of others remain unknown. The gene for FA type C, FANCC, has been proposed as a breast cancer susceptibility gene based on epidemiological and sequencing studies. We used the Oncoarray project to genotype two truncating FANCC variants (p.R185X and p.R548X) in 64,760 breast cancer cases and 49,793 controls of European descent. FANCC mutations were observed in 25 cases (14 with p.R185X, 11 with p.R548X) and 26 controls (18 with p.R185X, 8 with p.R548X). There was no evidence of an association with the risk of breast cancer, neither overall (odds ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.44-1.33, p = 0.4) nor by histology, hormone receptor status, age or family history. We conclude that the breast cancer risk association of these two FANCC variants, if any, is much smaller than for BRCA1, BRCA2 or PALB2 mutations. If this applies to all truncating variants in FANCC it would suggest there are differences between FA genes in their roles on breast cancer risk and demonstrates the merit of large consortia for clarifying risk associations of rare variants.Peer reviewe
A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers
Breast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies. Other mutation carrier-specific susceptibility variants may exist but studies of mutation carriers have so far been underpowered. We conduct a novel case-only genome-wide association study comparing genotype frequencies between 60,212 general population BC cases and 13,007 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We identify robust novel associations for 2 variants with BC for BRCA1 and 3 for BRCA2 mutation carriers, P < 10−8, at 5 loci, which are not associated with risk in the general population. They include rs60882887 at 11p11.2 where MADD, SP11 and EIF1, genes previously implicated in BC biology, are predicted as potential targets. These findings will contribute towards customising BC polygenic risk scores for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
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