A High-Level Ab Initio Study of the N-2 + N-2 Reaction Channel

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High-Pressure Speed of Sound Measurements of trans-1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R1233zd(E)) in Liquid Region for Temperature from (273.15 to 353.15) K

This paper presents speed of sound measurements of liquid trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R1233zd­(E)) along six isotherms over the temperature range from (273.15 to 353.15) K for pressures up to 35 MPa by means of the double pulse–echo method. The expanded uncertainty of the speed of sound measurements at a confidence level of 95% is 0.1%. The experimental results were compared with predictions from the state-of-the-art Fundamental Helmholtz Energy equation of state [Mondéjar, M.E.; McLinden, M.O.; Lemmon, E.W., Thermodynamic Properties of trans-1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R1233zd­(E)): Vapor Pressure, (p,ρ,T) Behavior, and Speed of Sound Measurements, and Equation of State. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2015, 60, 2477–2489]

Smoking-related cue reactivity in a virtual reality setting: association between craving and EEG measures

BACKGROUND: Cue-reactivity is the array of responses that smokers exhibit when exposed to conditioned and contextual stimuli previously associated to substance use. The difficulty to experimentally recreate the complexity of smokers' spatial experience and context requires more ecological models. Virtual reality (VR) creates a state of immersion close to reality allowing controlled assessments of behavioral responses. To date, no studies investigated brain activation associated to smoking cue-reactivity in VR using electroencephalography (EEG).AIMS: To investigate whether a VR cue-reactivity paradigm (a) may increase smoking craving, (b) is feasible with EEG recording, and (c) induces craving levels associated to EEG desynchronization.METHODS: Smokers (N=20) and non-smokers (N=20) were exposed to neutral and smoking-related VR scenarios, without and with smoking conditioned stimuli, respectively. EEG was recorded from occipital and parietal leads throughout the sessions to assess alpha band desynchronization. Smoking and food craving and presence visual analogue scales (VAS) were assessed during the session.RESULTS: To be smoker, but not non-smoker, significantly influenced smoking craving VAS induced by smoking cue VR but not by neutral VR. No significant food craving changes was observed during the VR sessions. The new finding was that EEG alpha band power in posterior leads was significantly increased by the smoking context scenario only in smokers, and that the degree of smoking (i.e., heavy vs. light) was significantly associated to this neurophysiological measure.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated, for the first time, the feasibility of EEG recording in a VR setting, suggesting that EEG desynchronization may be a neurophysiological marker of smoking cue-reactivity

Revisión sistemática sobre la mejora de la velocidad en jugadores de fútbol sub-19

The objective was to compare and analyze the effectiveness of different training methodologies for speed improvement in U-19 soccer players. A systematic review literature study was carried out. Using the PRISMA statement, a bibliographic search was carried out through the PubMed database. Articles were included that were intervention studies written in Spanish or English, carried out in players aged 10 to 19 years that had at least one plyometric, strength, or sprint training method for speed improvement and that had an evaluation of sprinting. The results of the interventions showed benefits in speed improvement through the plyometric method (TE=0.66) in 20 m test, explosive strength (TE=0.64) in 5 m test, and sprint (TE=0.33) in 20 m test. It can be concluded that the explosive strength method obtains greater benefits in short distances (5-10 m) when low intensities are used and in 17-year-old players; the ideal training volume is 2 sessions per week. The sprint method at longer distances (20-30 m) in 14–15-year-olds, with a training volume of one or two sessions per week. Plyometrics achieves the same benefits over short and long distances (5-30 m) for ages 15-16 years with no noticeable difference in training volume.El objetivo fue comparar y analizar la efectividad de diferentes metodologías de entrenamiento para la mejora de la velocidad en futbolistas sub-19. Se llevó a cabo un estudio bibliográfico de revisión sistemática. Mediante la declaración PRISMA, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica a través de la base de datos PubMed. Se incluyeron artículos que fueran estudios de intervención escritos en castellano o en inglés, llevados a cabo en jugadores de 10 a 19 años, que tuvieran al menos un método de entrenamiento pliométrico, de fuerza o de sprint para la mejora de la velocidad y que tuvieran una evaluación del sprint. Los resultados de las intervenciones mostraron beneficios en la mejora de la velocidad a través del método pliométrico (TE=0,66) en test de 20 m, fuerza explosiva (TE=0,64) en test de 5 m y sprint (TE=0,33) en test de 20 m. Se puede llegar a la conclusión de que el método de fuerza explosiva obtiene mayores beneficios en las distancias cortas (5-10 m) cuando se emplean intensidades bajas y en jugadores de 17 años, el volumen de entrenamiento ideal es de 2 sesiones por semana. El método de sprint en distancias más largas (20-30 m) en edades de 14-15 años, con un volumen de entrenamiento de una o dos sesiones por semana. El pliométrico logra los mismos beneficios en distancias cortas y largas (5-30 m) para edades de 15-16 años y sin diferencias notables en el volumen de entrenamiento

Fluxos e poder nos canais de distribuição de etanol carburante: um estudo qualitativo no estado de São Paulo

Aunque se discuta largamente la expansión del etanol carburante en el mercado interno, poca atención se ha dado a la comprensión de cómo se distribuye ese producto. En este trabajo, el objetivo fue analizar las funciones, los flujos y el poder de los canales de distribución de etanol carburante para atender la demanda interna de combustible. Luego de la revisión bibliográfica sobre canales de distribución y bases de poder aplicadas al estudio de canales de distribución, se realizó un estudio de campo. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, en el que se aplicó el método de estudio de casos múltiples para la recolección y análisis de datos de 14 empresas (plantas, grupos de comercialización, distribuidoras y revendedores de combustibles) del Estado de São Paulo. Como resultado, se encontró que las plantas son responsables de los flujos de producción y almacenamiento del etanol; las distribuidoras asumen mayor responsabilidad por los flujos de almacenamiento, pedidos y pagos, financiación, promoción y servicios; y, a su vez, los revendedores minoristas por los flujos de servicios y promoción. Se puede concluir que en la relación entre los diferentes miembros del canal predomina la existencia de los poderes de legitimidad y referencia. La presencia de dichas formas de poder interfiere en la manera como se establecen las estructuras de comercialización en el canal.Although the expansion of sugarcane ethanol in the domestic market has been extensively discussed, little attention has been paid to understanding how this product is distributed. The objective of this paper is to analyze the functions, flows, and power of sugarcane ethanol distribution channels in terms of meeting the domestic demand for this fuel. After conducting a review of the literature on distribution channels and power bases applied to the study of distribution channels, field research of a qualitative nature was conducted, using the multi-case study method to collect and analyze data in 14 companies (ethanol production plants, marketing groups, distributors and service stations) in the state of São Paulo. The results indicate that the ethanol production plants are responsible for the production flow and storage of ethanol; the distributors bear greater responsibility for storage flows, orders and payment, financing, promotions and services; and the service stations look after the flow of services and promotion. One can conclude that the relations among these different channel members are based on the powers of legitimacy and reference. The existence of these two forms of power influences the establishment of marketing structures in the channel.Apesar de muito se discutir a respeito da expansão do etanol carburante no mercado interno, pouca atenção tem sido dada à compreensão de como ocorre a distribuição desse produto. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi analisar as funções, os fluxos e o poder nos canais de distribuição do etanol carburante para atender à demanda interna pelo combustível. Após revisão bibliográfica a respeito de canais de distribuição e bases de poder aplicadas ao estudo dos canais de distribuição, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, em que foi aplicado o método de estudo multicasos para a coleta e a análise dos dados em 14 empresas (usinas, grupos de comercialização, distribuidoras e postos revendedores) do estado de São Paulo. Como resultado, constatou-se que as usinas são responsáveis pelos fluxos de produção e armazenagem do etanol; as distribuidoras assumem maiores responsabilidades pelos fluxos de armazenagem, pedidos e pagamento, financiamento, promoção e serviços; e os postos revendedores, por sua vez, pelos fluxos de serviços e promoção. Pôde-se concluir que predomina, na relação entre esses diferentes membros do canal, a existência dos poderes de legitimidade e referência. A presença dessas formas de poder interfere na maneira como se estabelecem as estruturas de comercialização no canal

High Power Laser and Photobiomodulation in Oral Surgery: Case Report

Introduction: The labial frenum is a fold of mucous membrane that attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, the gingiva, and the underlying periosteum. In some cases, its presence can cause a midline diastema, periodontal diseases related to food impaction, or retention of biofilm, among others. In such cases, lip frenectomy is indicated as treatment, which can be performed with a scalpel (conventional method), an electric scalpel, or a surgical laser.Objective: To show a clinical case performed at Laser Extension Project in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão grounded in a literature review.Case Presentation: A laser frenectomy was performed on a female patient, aged 20, who had a diastema between the upper central incisors and an indication for frenum removal. The high-power diode laser is excellent for procedures in soft tissue because its wavelength is well absorbed by hemoglobin and other pigments; its use also allows a reduction in the amount of anesthetic and medicines used. The parameters used were 2 W, in a continuous mode, 808 nm infrared emission; with delivery of the beam through optical fiber 300 μM; energy of 120 J; 20 pps.Conclusion: the high power diode laser allowed a satisfactory result, the procedure was safe, the technique was a simple one and of reduced clinical time, as mentioned in the literature. It is worth noting that the technique is dependent on the skill of the professional performing it

Soluble human Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 is associated with endoscopic activity in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis treated with golimumab

Suppressor of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is an IL33 receptor detected in the mucosa and serum of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. We evaluated soluble ST2 (sST2) as a surrogate biomarker of disease outcome and therapeutic response, in moderate-to-severe UC patients treated with golimumab.Agência financiadora Merck Sharp and Dohme, Lda, Portugal MK8259-22info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Beyond the 2D Field‐Effect Charge Transport Paradigm in Molecular Thin‐Film Transistors

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are considered almost purely interfacial devices with charge current mainly confined in the first two semiconducting layers in contact with the dielectric with no active role of the film thickness exceeding six to eight monolayers (MLs). By a combined electronic, morphological, structural, and theoretical investigation, it is demonstrated that the charge mobility and source–drain current in 2,20-(2,20-bithiophene-5,50-diyl)bis(5-butyl-5H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,6)-dione (NT4N) organic transistors directly correlate with the out-of-plane domain size and crystallite orientation in the vertical direction, well beyond the dielectric interfacial layers. Polycrystalline films with thickness as high as 75 nm (≈30 MLs) and 3D molecular architecture provide the best electrical and optoelectronic OFET characteristics, highlighting that the molecular orientational order in the bulk of the film is the key-enabling factor for optimum device performance. X-ray scattering analysis and multiscale simulations reveal the functional correlation between the thickness-dependent molecular packing, electron mobility, and vertical charge distribution. These results call for a broader view of the fundamental mechanisms that govern field-effect charge transport in OFETs beyond the interfacial 2D paradigm and demonstrate the unexpected role of the out-of-plane domain size and crystallite orientation in polycrystalline films to achieve optimum electronic and optoelectronic properties in organic transistors

Relaxation of natural selection in the evolution of the giant lungfish genomes

Nonadaptive hypotheses on the evolution of eukaryotic genome size predict an expansion when the process of purifying selection becomes weak. Accordingly, species with huge genomes, such as lungfish, are expected to show a genome-wide relaxation signature of selection compared with other organisms. However, few studies have empirically tested this prediction using genomic data in a comparative framework. Here, we show that 1) the newly assembled transcriptome of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, is characterized by an excess of pervasive transcription, or transcriptional leakage, possibly due to suboptimal transcriptional control, and 2) a significant relaxation signature in coding genes in lungfish species compared with other vertebrates. Based on these observations, we propose that the largest known animal genomes evolved in a nearly neutral scenario where genome expansion is less efficiently constraine

Healing of a tooth with an overinstrumented apex, extensive transportation and periapical lesion using a 5 mm calcium hydroxide apical plug: an 8-year follow-up report

Besides the risk of filling material extrusion throughout the apex, a satisfactory apical seal can be difficult to achieve in canals with open apices or iatrogenic enlargements of the apical constriction. These situations pose a challenge to root canal filling. This paper describes the root canal filling of a maxillary right canine with an overinstrumented apex, complete loss of the apical stop, extensive canal transportation and apical periodontitis. A 5 mm calcium hydroxide apical plug was placed before root canal filling. The plug was made by soaking paper points with saline, dipping the points in calcium hydroxide powder and then applying it to the apex several times, until a consistent apical plug was obtained. The canal was then irrigated with saline in order to remove any residual calcium hydroxide from the root canal walls, dried with paper points and obturated with an inverted #80 gutta-percha cone and zinc oxide-eugenol based sealer by the lateral condensation technique. An 8-year radiographic follow-up showed formation of mineralized tissue sealing the apical foramen, apical remodeling and no signs of apical periodontitis