Lipdubs as an Instrument to Overcome Invisibility in the Mass-Media. A study of four enthusiastic cases recorded in Quebec, USA, Catalonia and the Basque Country

This paper summarizes the principal conclusions of an investigation into lipdub as an instrument used by social movements in order to get more social influence. Since its creation in 2006, the phenomenon of lipdubs has increased\ud considerably. This research presents an analytical model for this type of video, providing general data, figures about the number of participants, characteristics of the song used and information about the profile of the audience. The work\ud highlights the main hypothetical features and components of a good lipdub. Four videos with high impact on Youtube are analyzed. This work claims that, at this time, a good lipdub can be a crucial tool for social movements in order to\ud overcome the invisibility with which the mass-media often punishes any expression which challenges mainstream tendencies

LOCAL TOURIST DIAGNOSIS FOR COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM IN SAN ILDEFONSO (IXTLAHUACA, MEXICO)

La problemática ambiental actual, caracterizada por la contaminación de los recursos naturales, la deforestación, el cambio de uso de suelo, la pérdida de especies de flora y fauna, el cambio climático, entre otros, aunad[a] a los problemas sociales y al déficit del crecimiento económico, precisa la generación de nuevos paradigmas (Contreras, 2016, p.5). Se requieren también nuevas estrategias y acciones que ayuden a dar solución a tales situaciones, con especial énfasis en los espacios rurales, que además afrontan condiciones de pobreza, marginación, ausencia de servicios públicos y de salud, falta de empleo y bajos ingresos económicos, las cuales limitan la calidad de vida de los actores locales (Contreras,2016).Frente a la complejidad ambiental actual, es preciso avanzar en la delineación de estrategias productivas que contribuyan a la conservación y valorización del medio natural, así como al mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y al bienestar social de la población. En el caso de la comunidad de San Ildefonso,ubicada en el municipio de Ixtlahuaca, estado de México (México), existen recursos naturales y culturales que pueden impulsar el desarrollo del ecoturismo como alternativa económica para los actores locales soportada en el adecuado aprovechamiento de los recursos. En este sentido, el artículo analiza las condiciones para impulsar el ecoturismo comunitario en la localidad con la finalidad de favorecer el desarrollo sustentable. Para ello, se retoman las aportaciones de López (2003), para determinar la potencialidad a partir de un modelo de desarrollo turístico integrado. Con base en los resultados obtenidos, es posible identificar la existencia de recursos naturales y culturales con un potencial turístico, que pueden propiciar el desplazamiento de turistas. Además, los visitantes de la región muestran interés por conocer dicha localidad, al tiempo que la población local cuenta con disposición de participar en un proyecto de ecoturismo comunitario.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Características de los sismos y sus efectos en las construcciones (Segunda de dos partes)

This work intends to divulge general concepts of earthquake engineering among no specialists starting from the basic concepts on seismology. It includes the origin and the characteristics of seismic movements and presents, in a basic level, the activity field of earthquake engineering. The way earthquakes affect structures, the seismic design process and the observed behavior of buildings during earthquakes are also presented

El clima organizacional en una empresa de alimentos y bebidas en el área de lácteos en la ciudad de Lima en el año 2016

El presente trabajo de investigación realiza el análisis y evaluación del clima organizacional de una planta de lácteos en una empresa de alimentos y bebidas de la ciudad de Lima, aplicando investigación descriptiva para conocer más sobre el clima organizacional de esta empresa a través de sus diferentes dimensiones. En la primera parte vemos la realidad problemática empezando desde el concepto de clima organizacional, luego la gestión del clima organizacional a nivel mundial, Latinoamérica, en nuestro país y en la empresa que es objeto de estudio, luego vemos los antecedentes que son investigaciones tanto nacionales como internacionales que tocan el Clima organizacional como variable de estudio, así también tenemos las bases teóricas que vendrían a ser las dimensiones sobre la cual trabajaremos. Así mismo enunciamos nuestra pregunta problema de la investigación, el objetivo general de la misma y los objetivos específicos. En el segundo capítulo veremos la metodología de investigación, tomamos la población que es la empresa de estudio y sobre esa tomamos una muestra, se definen las técnicas de recolección de datos y los métodos de procesamiento de información. En el tercer capítulo veremos los resultados de la investigación aplicada y en el cuarto capítulo las implicaciones y conclusiones de nuestra investigación

Tissue-Specific Transcriptomes Reveal Gene Expression Trajectories in Two Maturing Skin Epithelial Layers in Zebrafish Embryos.

Epithelial cells are the building blocks of many organs, including skin. The vertebrate skin initially consists of two epithelial layers, the outer periderm and inner basal cell layers, which have distinct properties, functions, and fates. The embryonic periderm ultimately disappears during development, whereas basal cells proliferate to form the mature, stratified epidermis. Although much is known about mechanisms of homeostasis in mature skin, relatively little is known about the two cell types in pre-stratification skin. To define the similarities and distinctions between periderm and basal skin epithelial cells, we purified them from zebrafish at early development stages and deeply profiled their gene expression. These analyses identified groups of genes whose tissue enrichment changed at each stage, defining gene flow dynamics of maturing vertebrate epithelia. At each of 52 and 72 hr post-fertilization (hpf), more than 60% of genes enriched in skin cells were similarly expressed in both layers, indicating that they were common epithelial genes, but many others were enriched in one layer or the other. Both expected and novel genes were enriched in periderm and basal cell layers. Genes encoding extracellular matrix, junctional, cytoskeletal, and signaling proteins were prominent among those distinguishing the two epithelial cell types. In situ hybridization and BAC transgenes confirmed our expression data and provided new tools to study zebrafish skin. Collectively, these data provide a resource for studying common and distinguishing features of maturing epithelia

Dopamine D4 receptor counteracts morphine-induced changes in M opioid receptor signaling in the striosomes of the rat caudate putamen.

Morphine is one of the most potent analgesic drugs used to relieve moderate to severe pain. After long-term use of morphine, neuroadaptive changes in the brain promotes tolerance, which result in a reduced sensitivity to most of its effects with attenuation of analgesic efficacy, and dependence, revealed by drug craving and physical or psychological manifestations of drug withdrawal. The mu opioid receptor (MOR) is critical, not only in mediating morphine analgesia, but also in addictive behaviors by the induction of a strong rewarding effect. We have previously shown that dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) stimulation counteracts morphine-induced activation of dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway and accumulation of Fos family transcription factors in the caudate putamen (CPu). In the present work, we have studied the effect of D4R activation on MOR changes induced by morphine in the rat CPu on a continuous drug treatment paradigm, by analyzing MOR protein level, pharmacological profile, and functional coupling to G proteins. Furthermore, using conditioned place preference and withdrawal syndrome test, we have investigated the role of D4R activation on morphine-related behavioural effects. MOR immunoreactivity, agonist binding density and its coupling to G proteins are up-regulated in the striosomes by continuous morphine treatment. Interestingly, co-treatment of morphine with the dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) agonist PD168,077 fully counteracts these adaptive changes in MOR, in spite of the fact that continuous PD168,077 treatment increases the [3H]DAMGO Bmax values to the same degree as seen after continuous morphine treatment. In addition, the administration of the D4R agonist counteracts the rewarding effects of morphine, as well as the development of physical dependence. The present results give support for the existence of antagonistic functional D4R-MOR receptor-receptor interactions in the adaptive changes occurring in MOR of striosomes on continuous administration of morphine and preventing morphine-related behaviour.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Dopamine D4 receptor activation counteracts nigrostriatal pathway activation by morphine: relevance in drug addiction.

Morphine induces dopamine release in the caudate putamen (CPu), which promotes stereotyped behavior and habit learning for drug-seeking and –taking. Nigrostriatal pathway stimulation by morphine is due to a removal of tonic inhibition arising from SNr GABA interneurons on SNc dopaminergic neurons through the mu opioid receptor (MOR). Long-term morphine exposure produces a series of adaptations in SNc dopamine neurons, which affect neuron excitability and dopamine output to CPu. We have previously shown that dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) stimulation counteracts acute and chronic morphine-induced accumulation of several transcription factors in the CPu (Gago et al., 2011 Brain Res.). Since D4R is expressed in the SNr (Rivera et al., Brain Res. 2003), we postulate that a functional D4R-MOR interaction at the midbrain level could exists. We have investigated the role of D4R in the morphine-induced nigroestriatal dopamine metabolism in the rat brain using biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. We also have studied the influence of D4R on morphine-induced morphological changes in SNc dopamine neurons using both immunohistochemical and image analysis techniques. Finally, we examined a possible underlying mechanism of the D4R-MOR interaction at the SN level using in vitro quantitative receptor autoradiography. We have found that D4R activation restores dopamine metabolism in the nigroestriatal pathway after acute morphine treatment and prevents morphine-induced rise of tyroxine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter. Rats receiving a continuous treatment of morphine (6 days) showed SNc dopamine neurons with smaller size and higher circularity index compared with the controls animals. These morphine-induced morphological adaptatives changes were prevented when a D4R agonist (PD168,077) was administered at the same time with morphine. Autoradiographic studies demonstrated that the D4R agonist reduce the affinity of MOR. The present study provides evidence for the existence of a fully blocking effect of the D4R on the activation of dopaminergic nigroestriatal pathway by morphine.Financiación: P09-CVI- 4702 (Proyecto de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucía

Characteristics And Temporal Variations Of Organic And Elemental Carbon Aerosols In A High–Altitude, Tropical Latin American Megacity

Bogota is a Latin American megacity located at an average altitude of 2600 m in the tropical Andes. It registers frequent episodes of poor air quality due to high PM10 concentrations. The carbonaceous fraction is the main PM10 component (>50%), but there is a lack of specific studies analyzing the characteristics and temporal variability of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) aerosols. In this study, daily samples (24±1h) were collected from June 2015 to May 2016 (a total of 308 samples) at an urban background site during an El Niño year, and the quartz filters were analyzed using a thermal-optical method. Results showed that EC and organic matter accounted for ~60% of the PM10 mass. The OC and EC averages were 8.92 ± 4.52 μg/m3 and 3.25 ± 1.59 μg/m3, respectively. The months with the highest average OC values were January to March, while EC concentrations were relatively constant throughout the year. Regarding daily values, the highest mean concentrations of OC (10.2 ± 5.13 μg/m3) and EC (3.73 ± 1.74 μg/m3) were obtained on Thursdays, and the lowest on Sundays (OC = 6.67 ± 3.04 μg/m3 and EC = 2.46 ± 0.94 μg/m3). The OC/EC ratio ranged from 1.66 (June) to 4.88 (March), with an annual average of 3.16 ± 2.01. The secondary organic carbon (SOC) contributions, measured using the EC-tracer method, accounted for 45% of the total OC. The effective carbon ratio, which indicates an association between carbonaceous particles and climate change, ranged from 0.12 (July) to 0.74 (May). The study of air-mass origins revealed that days with air mass from E + NE registered the highest OC concentrations. This research provides new data on the variability of carbonaceous aerosols over the course of a year. It also highlights forest fires as a significant source of OC and EC, and indicates the high impact of SOC on OC concentration at the sampling site