Internationalization of Education: La Peau de Сhagrin of the Russian Language

The article examines the processes of internationalization, provides information on the number of foreign students in various countries and in Russia, discusses the arguments for choosing the country for study by international students, including socio-cultural and linguistic preferences. The authors address the issues relating to the status of the Russian language in countries of the Central Asia region – the former republics of the Soviet Union. The article provides an information on the expansion of Western and Eastern countries into the educational system of these countries. The conclusion is made about the need for Russian universities to more actively enter the international market of educational services, especially in those areas where the Russian Federation has undeniable achievements (natural science fields of training, etc.)

Abundance analysis of two late A-type stars HD 32115 and HD 37594

We have performed abundance analysis of two slowly rotating, late A-type stars, HD 32115 (HR 1613) and HD 37594 (HR 1940), based on obtained echelle spectra covering the spectral range 4000-9850 AAngstrom. These spectra allowed us to identify an extensive line list for 31 chemical elements, the most complete to date for A-type stars. Two approaches to abundance analysis were used, namely a ``manual'' (interactive) and a semi-automatic procedure for comparison of synthetic and observed spectra and equivalent widths. For some elements non-LTE (NLTE) calculations were carried out and the corresponding corrections have been applied. The abundance pattern of HD 32115 was found to be very close to the solar abundance pattern, and thus may be used as an abundance standard for chemical composition studies in middle and late A stars. Further, its H-alpha line profile shows no core-to-wing anomaly like that found for cool Ap stars and therefore also may be used as a standard in comparative studies of the atmospheric structures of cool, slowly rotating Ap stars. HD 37594 shows a metal deficiency at the level of -0.3 dex for most elements and triangle-like cores of spectral lines. This star most probably belongs to the Delta Scuti group.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

The Problem of Law-Abiding Behavior among Minors in Educational Institutions: Domestic and Foreign Experience

At present, the problem of sustaining the law-abiding behavior of minors in educational institutions, identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions that contribute to the development of deviant behavior of students is becoming more and more topical. This paper presents the results of a monitoring study of the current state of the activities carried out by educational institutions to form the law-abiding behavior of minors in the territorial entities of the Russian Federation. It also presents the results of a theoretical study of the foreign experience of educational institutions in the framework of maintaining the law-abiding behavior of minors in the educational environment. The conclusions have been drawn that a system-activity approach should be the basis of an educational impact in educational institutions which will provide: the formation of students’ readiness for self-development; the design and construction of a social environment for the development of students based on moral principles, traditional Russian values, relevant scientific knowledge and skills, respect for the traditions of the multinational, multicultural and multiconfessional Russian society; active educational and cognitive activities of students; building educational and moral education activity, taking account of the individual age-related psychological and physiological characteristics of students and with a focus on educational results. The materials of the paper are part of a large-scale study within the framework of the "Conception for the development of a system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency for the period up to 2020", conducted by a team of scientists from 2017 to 2020, whose scientific interests lie in the study of the problem of deviant behavior of minors

Immunobiological Characteristics of Cholera Toxin B-Subunit

Carried out was immunobiological evaluation of cholera toxin B subunit preparations obtained using different experimental and production methods. It was demonstrated that B subunit preparations were non-toxic for biomodels and did not cause significant pathological alterations in their organs and tissues. They also did not alter the condition of immunocompetent cells at different stages of their cycle, and promote anti-toxic antibodies production. Thus, B subunit preparations under study can be considered as promising components of cholera vaccine

Anesthesia of laboratory animals in manufacturing of diagnostic and preventive biomedicines

Preparations such as XilaVet, Zoletil 100 as well as Aeranne (Isoflurane) are successfully applied for animal anesthesia in veterinary practice. We assessed a possibility of using parenteral narcosis with Zoletil 100 in combination with muscle relaxant Xila for producer-rabbits involved in manufacturing of natural rabbit serum subsequently deployed for production of diagnostic serum and immunoglobulin preparations. Administration of preparations into auricular vein is easy to do, while animals are sedated immediately allowing for safe fixation on restraining table and causing no additional stress for biomodels. This type of narcosis provides for expected depth of anesthesia and its maintenance until the end of blood-letting procedure. Parameters characterizing the state of cardiovascular system due to anesthetic products remained within the permitted limits. These preparations do not reduce heart beat rate allowing for collecting sufficient blood volumes. Application of inhalation anesthesia with Aeranne in laboratory animals provides for the specified depth of anesthesia and its maintenance until the end of the whole procedure. However, it requires specialized equipment and highly trained personnel with appropriate skills. Usage of Xila as a mono narcosis is not recommended as exhibits weak analgesic effects and strong hypotensive activity by decreasing quantity of collected blood volume. It was found that anesthetics such as Xila, Zoletil 100, Aeranne did not affect specific activity of immune sera in case of total dehematizing procedure. Moreover, antibody titers were not declined throughout entire observation (12 months) period and complied with the requirements of regulatory documentation. In addition, a feasibility of replacing old-fashioned anesthesia method with diethyl ether for a combination of safer contemporary preparations of Zoletil 100 and Xila was demonstrated while manufacturing tableted chemical cholera vaccine in experimental series with suckling rabbits used at diverse stages of raw material verification during surgical interventions. Xila, Zoletil 100, and Aeranne examined by us had no impact on the amount of blood obtained from donor-animals, immunological properties of the sera and ready-to-use diagnostic preparations. Such drugs were safe for all-age animals that comply with the requirements to anesthesia of animal biomodels and producer-animals in manufacturing of immunobiological preparations. Thus, our study allowed to conduct experiments with laboratory animals in a more humane manner

Non-LTE line formation for heavy elements in four very metal-poor stars

Stellar parameters and abundances of Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Eu are determined for four very metal-poor stars (-2.66 < [Fe/H] < -2.15) based on non-LTE line formation and analysis of high-resolution (R ~60000 and 90000) high signal-to-noise (S/N > 200) observed spectra. A model atom for H I is presented. An effective temperature was obtained from the Balmer Halpha and Hbeta line wing fits, the surface gravity from the Hipparcos parallax if available and the non-LTE ionization balance between Ca I and Ca II. Based on the hyperfine structure affecting the Ba II resonance line, the fractional abundance of the odd isotopes of Ba was derived for HD 84937 and HD 122563 from a requirement that Ba abundances from the resonance line and subordinate lines of Ba II must be equal. For each star, non-LTE leads to a consistency of Teff from two Balmer lines and to a higher temperature compared to the LTE case, by up to 60 K. Non-LTE effects are important in spectroscopic determination of surface gravity from Ca I/Ca II. For each star with a known trigonometric gravity, non-LTE abundances from the lines of two ionization stages agree within the error bars, while a difference in the LTE abundances consists of 0.23 dex to 0.40 dex for different stars. Departures from LTE are found to be significant for the investigated atoms, and they strongly depend on stellar parameters. For HD 84937, the Eu/Ba ratio is consistent with the relative solar system r-process abundances, and the fraction of the odd isotopes of Ba, f_odd, equals 0.43+-0.14. The latter can serve as a constraint on r-process models. The lower Eu/Ba ratio and f_odd = 0.22+-0.15 found for HD 122563 suggest that the s-process or the unknown process has contributed significantly to the Ba abundance in this star.Comment: accepted for publication in A&A, November 16, 200

The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES). V. Detailed abundance analysis of the r-process enhanced star HE 2327-5642

We report on a detailed abundance analysis of the strongly r-process enhanced giant star, HE 2327-5642 ([Fe/H] = -2.78, [r/Fe] = +0.99). Determination of stellar parameters and element abundances was based on analysis of high-quality VLT/UVES spectra. The surface gravity was calculated from the NLTE ionization balance between Fe I and Fe II, and Ca I and Ca II. Accurate abundances for a total of 40 elements and for 23 neutron-capture elements beyond Sr and up to Th were determined. The heavy element abundance pattern of HE 2327-5642 is in excellent agreement with those previously derived for other strongly r-process enhanced stars. Elements in the range from Ba to Hf match the scaled Solar r-process pattern very well. No firm conclusion can be drawn with respect to a relationship between the fisrt neutron-capture peak elements, Sr to Pd, in HE 2327-5642 and the Solar r-process, due to the uncertainty of the latter. A clear distinction in Sr/Eu abundance ratios was found between the halo stars with different europium enhancement. The strongly r-process enhanced stars reveal a low Sr/Eu abundance ratio at [Sr/Eu] = -0.92+-0.13, while the stars with 0 < [Eu/Fe] < 1 and [Eu/Fe] < 0 have 0.36 dex and 0.93 dex larger Sr/Eu values, respectively. Radioactive dating for HE 2327-5642 with the observed thorium and rare-earth element abundance pairs results in an average age of 13.3 Gyr, when based on the high-entropy wind calculations, and 5.9 Gyr, when using the Solar r-residuals. HE 2327-5642 is suspected to be radial-velocity variable based on our high-resolution spectra, covering ~4.3 years.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted to A&

The Chemical Composition of Two Supergiants in the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy WLM

[Abridged] The chemical composition of two stars in WLM has been determined from high quality UVES data obtained at the VLT UT2 (program 65.N-0375). The model atmospheres analysis shows that they have the same metallicity, [Fe/H] = -0.38 +/-0.20, and [Mg/Fe] = -0.24 +/-0.16. This result suggests that the [alpha(Mg)/Fe] ratio in WLM may be suppressed relative to solar abundances (also supported by differential abundances relative to similar stars in NGC6822 and the SMC). The absolute Mg abundance, [Mg/H] = -0.62 is high relative to what is expected from the nebulae though, where two independent spectroscopic analyses of the HII regions in WLM yield [O/H] = -0.89. Intriguingly, the oxygen abundance determined from the OI 6158 feature in one WLM star is [O/H] = -0.21 +/-0.10, corresponding to five times higher than the nebular oxygen abundance. This is the first time that a significant difference between young stellar and nebular oxygen abundances has been found, and presently, there is no simple explanation for this difference. If the stellar abundances reflect the true composition of WLM, then this galaxy lies well above the metallicity-luminosity relationship for dwarf irregular galaxies. It also suggests that WLM is more chemically evolved than currently interpreted from its color-magnitude diagram.Comment: 27 pages, 7 tables, 10 figures. accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journa