Complications at the hip replacement and ways of their prediction (review of literature)

The review presents modern data on the role of immune system in development of postoperative complications at hip replacement. Surgical stress while having depressive influence on immune system is powerful factor that causes conditions for development of secondary immune depression or intensifies it. On this background possibility of development of both early and late postoperative complications is quite high, that's why frequency of revision hip replacement increases steadily. Providing of stability of endoprosthesis is extremely important at total hip replacement. Researches realized during last decades determined connection of processes of osteogenesis and bone resorption and polypeptide factors of growth - cytokines. That's why questions of prevention and. correction of loss of bone substance with use of modern pharmacological preparations are important in the movement of observed problem. Infectious complications are also very significant ones at hip replacement. The fact of infectious process being the result of interrelation of macro- and. microorganisms and. immune system having one the leading roles in this process is doubtless. Among all the measures for prevention of postoperative complications their prevention that allows to determine right tactics of operative treatment, to realize complex of preparatory and. rehabilitation measures and. to improve the results of treatment and quality of life of patient, becomes important. Use of immunologic methods allowed to choose criteria and to develop ways of prevention of development of complications at hip replacement. However proposed ways not always allow to count individual susceptibility of an organism to different infectious pathogens; most of them are based on the determination of various specific and. quite laborious indices. Necessity of realization of researches before an operation and. in different terms of postoperative period for determination of dynamic dependence of changes of laboratory indices is significant disadvantage and requires quite prolonged observation of the patient for getting an information about prevention of hip replacement results. That's why further development and use of new ways of early hip replacement undoubtedly allows to improve results of surgical treatment of patients with different forms of coxarthrosis

ROLE OF INTERFERONS IN REGULATION OF OSTOGENIC AND OSTEORESORPTIVE PROCESSES

Bone tissue preserves high metabolic activity during all time of its life. Homeostasis of bone tissue is provided by fine balance between its formation by osteoblasts and its resorption by osteoclasts. There are complex regulatory interrelations between cells of bone differon and. system of interferons, the peculiarities of production of which mediate disturbances of osteoformating and. resorptive components of osteo metabolism at various pathological conditions. The review presents literature data on the role of interferons in regulation of osteogenous and. osteoresorptive processes which opens up the prospective of aimed application of interferons preparations with the purpose of restoration of immunologic imbalance and. bone tissue homeostasis

Nitric oxide is necessary for labilization of a consolidated context memory during reconsolidation in terrestrial snails

© 2014 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be involved in associative memory formation. We investigated the influence of blocking NO function on the reconsolidation of context memory in terrestrial snails (Helix lucorum L.). After a 10 day session of electric shocks in one context only, context memory in snails was observed in test sessions as the significant difference of amplitudes of withdrawal responses to tactile stimuli in two different contexts. After a 1 day rest, a session of 'reminding' was performed, preceded by injection in different groups of the snails with either vehicle or combination of the protein synthesis blocker anisomycin (ANI) with one of the following drugs: the NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO, the NO-synthase inhibitors N-omega-nitro-L-arginin, nitroindazole and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, or the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine. Testing the context memory at different time intervals after the reminder under ANI injection showed that the context memory was impaired at 24 h and later, whereas the reminder under combined injection of ANI and each of the NO-synthase inhibitors used or the NO scavenger showed no impairment of long-term context memory. Injection of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine with or without reminder had no effect on context memory. The results obtained demonstrated that NO is necessary for labilization of a consolidated context memory. After a 10-day session of electric shocks in one context only, context memory in snails was observed in test sessions as the significant difference of amplitudes of withdrawal responses to tactile stimuli in two different contexts.A session of 'reminding', preceded by injection either with vehicle, or combination of a protein synthesis blocker anisomycin (ANI) with one of the NO-synthase inhibitors has shown that the context memory was impaired, while the reminder under combined injection of ANI and each of the NO-synthase inhibitors used or the NO scavenger showed no impairment of long-term context memory. Obtained results demonstrate that NO is necessary for labilization of a consolidated context memory

Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with bronchial asthma

Introduction. According to modern data, bronchial asthma (BA) is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiac arrhythmias (CA), and the use of long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) in basic therapy may further increase the risks of CA.Aim. To study the structure and risk factors of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with bronchial asthma. Materials and methods. A retrospective study included 181 patients aged 69.4 ± 0.8 years, hospitalized for asthma, with the presence a CA in medical documentation.Results. Among BA patients with CA, supraventricular CA were found in 71.3% (129) patients, ventricular CA in 16.6% (30), combined CA in 12.2% (22). In 52.5% (95) patients, supraventricular extrasystole was detected, in 35.9% (65) – atrial fibrillation, in 28.7% (52) – ventricular extrasystole, in 1.1% (2) – paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, in 0.6% (1) – paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. It was found that supraventricular CA was significantly more frequent among women (χ2 = 5.974, p = 0.05). The severity of BA and the level of control are not related to the type of observed CA (χ2 = 0.755, p = 0.685 and χ2 = 3.003, p = 0.557, respectively).Discussion. The use of a combination of ICS and LABA in basic BA therapy versus the use of ICS alone does not have a significant effect on the frequency and structure of cardiac arrhythmias (χ2 = 1.172, p = 0.556).Conclusion. In hospitalized BA patients, supraventricular cardiac arrhythmias are most often detected, among which supraventricular extrasystole and atrial fibrillation take the main place

Каталитический способ получения полиамфолитов на основе полиакрилонитрильного волокна

Fibrous amino carboxylic ion exchangers with different anionic and cationic exchange capacity have been prepared by a new method of the high-temperature catalytic amination of the PAN fiber nitrile groups. Chelating ion exchangers with aminodiacetic functional groups has been obtained from these ion exchangers by alkylation reaction. Mechanical properties of monofilaments of obtained materials have been studied. Acid-base properties for each functional group type of the synthesized ion exchangers have been determined by the earlier proposed method.Новым способом высокотемпературного каталитического аминирования нитрильных групп ПАН волокнаполучены аниониты с различной обменной емкостью и соотношением между карбоксильными и аминнымигруппами. На их основе путем алкилирования получены хелатные иониты с аминоацетатными и аминодиацетатными функциональными группами. Определена механическая прочность моноволокон полученных ионитов. С использованием предложенного ранее метода анализа результатов потенциометрического титрования определены кислотно-основные свойства синтезированных материалов с разделением функциональных групп по видам

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

Identification of Novel High-Frequency DNA Methylation Changes in Breast Cancer

Recent data have revealed that epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and chromatin structure changes, are among the earliest molecular abnormalities to occur during tumorigenesis. The inherent thermodynamic stability of cytosine methylation and the apparent high specificity of the alterations for disease may accelerate the development of powerful molecular diagnostics for cancer. We report a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation alterations in breast cancer. The approach efficiently identified a large collection of novel differentially DNA methylated loci (∼200), a subset of which was independently validated across a panel of over 230 clinical samples. The differential cytosine methylation events were independent of patient age, tumor stage, estrogen receptor status or family history of breast cancer. The power of the global approach for discovery is underscored by the identification of a single differentially methylated locus, associated with the GHSR gene, capable of distinguishing infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma from normal and benign breast tissues with a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 96%, respectively. Notably, the frequency of these molecular abnormalities in breast tumors substantially exceeds the frequency of any other single genetic or epigenetic change reported to date. The discovery of over 50 novel DNA methylation-based biomarkers of breast cancer may provide new routes for development of DNA methylation-based diagnostics and prognostics, as well as reveal epigenetically regulated mechanism involved in breast tumorigenesis

Получение новых ионитов на основе полиакрилонитрильного волокна Нитрон С

New ion exchangers based on polyacrylonitrile fiber were obtained by catalytic amination of nitrile groups with tetraethylenepentaamine and pentaethylenehexaamine. Chelating ion exchangers with aminodiacetic functional groups were obtained on the base of these materials. The acid-base parameters of the functional groups of obtained ion exchangers were determined by potentiometric titration: initial polyampholytes have a high anion exchange capacity (Eb = 4.5–5.5 m-eq/g) distributed between three types of groups with pKa equal to 3.3, 6.2 and 9.2, and a cation exchange capacity with Ea ≈ 1 m-eq/g and pKa ≈ 10.7; chelating ion exchangers on their base contain three types of acid groups with pKa approximately equal to 3.5, 6.0, 10.5 and two types of anion-exchange groups with pKa equal to 2.0 and 6.0. Initial polyampholytes have a high efficiency in the processes of air purification from acidic impurities (experimental data for sulfur dioxide), chelating ion exchangers – in the processes of water purification from heavy metal ions.Получены новые волокнистые иониты путем каталитического аминирования нитрильных групп полиакрилонитрильного волокна тетраэтиленпентаамином и пентаэтиленгексаамином. На их основе получены хелатные иониты с аминодиацетатными функциональными группами. Методом потенциометрического титрования определены кислотно-основные параметры функциональных групп ионитов, полученных в оптимальных условиях: исходные полиамфолиты имеют высокую анионообменную емкость (Еb = 4,5–5,5 м-экв/г), распределенную между тремя видами групп с рКа равными 3,3, 6,2 и 9,2, и катионообменную емкость Еа ≈ 1 м-экв/г с рКа ≈ 10,7; хелатные иониты на их основе содержат три вида кислотных групп с рКа ≈ 3,5, 6,0, 10,5 и два типа анионообменных групп с рКа = 2,0 и 6,0. Показана эффективность исходных полиамфолитов при очистке воздуха от примесей кислотной природы (на примере диоксида серы), хелатных ионитов – при очистке воды от ионов тяжелых металлов