El test mongil de actividades de la vida diaria básicas, instrumentales y avanzadas y su utilidad en el envejecimiento

El declive funcional del organismo parece comenzar cuando desciende la secreción de hormona del crecimiento, manifestándose el envejecimiento cuando decrece la vitalidad y proporcionalmente aumenta la vulnerabilidad. El envejecimiento es un proceso decreciente intrínsecamente unido a la fragilidad, que es una condición que antecede a la discapacidad. En gerontología se precisa un abordaje global que integre las consecuencias de la enfermedad y sus dimensiones psicológicas y sociales, pues todo ello repercute en lo que en términos de salud llamamos función del individuo y por ende en su calidad de vida. Es prioritario llegar a la cuantificación y objetivación del estado funcional de los individuos integrantes de poblaciones para que el resultado, como base del estudio poblacional, sirva de referencia y permita conclusiones comparativas. Es por ello que partiendo de los test CM 98 de Actividades de la Vida Diaria (AVD) Básicas (B) e Instrumentales (I) y siguiendo la estructura, criterios de construcción y características de estas pruebas, se proponen los test Mongil de AVD B, I y Avanzadas (A) que suponen una innovación pues con tan sólo un cambio en el orden de aplicación de las preguntas muestran unos beneficios reseñables. Entre los mismos destacamos la mayor facilidad para poder ejecutar estas pruebas pues presentan un orden lógico y como resultado del mismo se obtiene información vinculada con la presencia de deterioro cognitivo y/o demencia en los tres test. Otro aspecto a considerar es la posibilidad de ser utilizados como prueba útil en el transcurso de un psicodiagnóstico en los distintos niveles asistenciales donde se atiende a personas mayores: consultas para aquellos que residen en la comunidad, residencias y hospitales. Estas mediciones tienen, además, un alto interés no sólo para los clínicos sino también para los economistas de la salud por su relación directa con la dependencia.The functional deterioration of the organism seems to start when the secretion of the growth hormone descends, and this hormone starts showing the ageing when the vitality descends and proportionally the vulnerability increases. Ageing is a process that descends intrinsically and it is connected with the fragility, which is a condition that precedes the disabilities. In terms of gerontology is required a global approach that settles in the consequences of the disease and its psychological and social dimensions, because all this has a repercussion in terms of health that we know as “functions” of the individual and moreover in life’s quality. It is a priority to reach the quantifications or objectivity of the functional phase of the individuals that form the population, to create a result based on the research of the population that can serve as a reference and also can allow comparative conclusions. Taking into account the test CM 98 Basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) following the structure, the criterion of construction and the characteristics of the test, It is proposed to use test Mongil of BADL, IADL and Advanced activities of daily living (AADL), that suppose an innovation because with a simple change in the order of the application of the questions, they show prominent benefits. Basing on theses benefits we outline an increase on the facility of executing these tests because they present a logical order and, as a result of this fact is possible to obtain information related with the presence of cognitive impairment and/or dementia in the tests. Another aspect to consider is the possibility of being used as a useful test in the course of a psychodiagnosis in the various levels of care where seniors are attended: consultations for those residing in the community, nursing home and hospitals. These measurements also have a great interest not only to clinicians but also for health economists for its direct relationship with the dependence

Practical issues on the sales of loan portfolios

Este artículo analiza las operaciones de venta de carteras de créditos (hipotecarios y al consumo) en situación de incumplimiento que recientemente vienen realizando las entidades financieras españolas a fondos de inversión oportunistas internacionales. Este análisis se aborda desde una perspectiva mercantil, procesal y fiscal y con un enfoque eminentemente práctico. Dentro de este enfoque práctico, y para facilitar su lectura, se sigue el orden del proceso de venta de una cartera y la posterior toma de control de la gestión por el inversor. El artículo comienza abordando los aspectos más relevantes de la negociación del contrato de compraventa: determinación de su objeto —adquisición de la plena titularidad de los créditos de la cartera o de sus resultas— y de su precio, la gestión de la cartera desde la fecha de corte, declaraciones y garantías más habituales del vendedor, delimitación de los créditos defectuosos y régimen de saneamiento de vicios, notificación de la cesión a los deudores y entrega de documentación de los créditos necesaria para su reclamación, según el tipo de procedimiento judicial que se inste en cada caso. Tras ello se analizan otros aspectos, como la sucesión procesal del comprador en los procesos judiciales de reclamación y la ejecución de los créditos de la cartera, poniendo el acento en el régimen legal previsto para la adjudicación y cesión de remate de bienes del deudor, en los riesgos de sucesión de empresa y en la incidencia del concurso sobre los procedimientos de reclamación.This article analyzes the recent sales of non-performing loans (mortgage loans and consumer credits) by Spanish financial institutions to opportunistic international investment funds. The analysis is from a commercial, procedural and tax perspective, with an eminently practical approach. From this practical approach, and as an aid to the reader’s understanding, the order of the article follows the sale process of a portfolio and the subsequent takeover of its management by the investor. The article begins by considering the most relevant aspects of the contract of sale: determination of the subject-matter —acquisition of the full ownership of the portfolio’s loans or of its results—, and its price; portfolio management from the cut-off date, most common reps and warranties of the seller, definition of doubtful loans and regulation of claims for defects, notification of the assignment to the debtors and provision of the necessary documentation on the loans that must be submitted with the claims, depending on the type of proceedings initiated by the creditor. We then proceed with the analysis of other aspects, such as the succession of the buyer in the legal proceedings to collect the debt-claims, the enforcement and foreclosure of the portfolio credits, focusing on the legal regulations applicable to the auction and award of the debtor’s assets, taking into account the risks of the transfer of the undertakings and the effect of the insolvency on the claim proceedings

El índice de calidad de la nutrición en las residencias de ancianos (QUINN). Una nueva herramienta para evaluar la calidad de la dieta en las residencias de ancianos

Acknowledgements: the authors would like to thank the cooperation of the personnel of this institution — Yolanda Velasco, Alfredo Zapatero-Llanos, Carolina Calderon-Niño, and Lidia Peña-Rampérez, and all the residents of the center who participated in the study. The authors would like to thank Verónica Casanova- Muñoz for her constructive comments on some aspects of this manuscript.Background: the assessment of diet quality (DQ) is fundamental to the study of disease-diet associations, and it is necesary to implement an easy to-apply tool in nursing homes (NHs). Our objective was to propose and apply a novel diet quality indicator (DQIn) using an a priori approach for NHs. Methods: the QUality Index for Nutrition in Nursing homes (QUINN) was implemented in a public NH located in Valladolid, Spain, during a 5-week period (n = 137 subjects). The choice of the QUINN components was based on a rapid review. The QUINN was based on 15 dietary components — 12 were basic (vegetables, fruits, legumes, olive oil, cereals, dairy, white fish and seafood, white-meat, eggs/positive; other fats, red and processed meat, and sweets/negative), and 3 were supplementary (fruits and vegetables variety, oily-fish, and whole-grains/positive). Each component was classified into 4-categories (0, 1, 2 o 3 points; range: 0-45 points). Results: the QUINN was tested on a menu offered by a NH giving a result of 34 points (good diet). The components with the highest scores were related to the Mediterranean diet (high consumption of legumes, olive oil, white fish and shellfish; low intake of other fats; and a wide variety of fruits and vegetables), together with cereals, white meat, dairy, and eggs. The components that required a major change were red- and processed-meats, sweets, and whole grains. Conclusion: the menu of this Spanish NH showed a good DQ according to the QUINN. The assessment of the DQ in NHs using QUINN will allow the proposal of interventions aimed at improving their diet.Antecedentes: la valoración de la calidad de la dieta es fundamental para el estudio de las asociaciones enfermedad-dieta, y es necesario implantar una herramienta de fácil aplicación en las residencias de ancianos. Nuestro objetivo fue proponer y aplicar un nuevo indicador de calidad de la dieta (diet quality indicator, DQIn) utilizando un enfoque a priori para su utilización en residencias de ancianos. Métodos: el Índice de Calidad Nutricional en Residencias de Ancianos (QUality Index for Nutrition in Nursing homes, QUINN) se aplicó en una residencia pública de Valladolid durante un periodo de 5 semanas (n = 137 sujetos). La elección de los componentes del QUINN se basó en una revisión rápida. En el QUINN se consideraron 15 componentes dietéticos, 12 básicos (verduras, frutas, legumbres, aceite de oliva, cereales, lácteos, pescado blanco y marisco, carnes blancas, huevos/positivos; otras grasas, carnes rojas y procesadas, y dulces/negativos) y 3 adicionales (variedad de frutas y verduras, pescado azul, y cereales integrales/positivos). Cada componente se clasificó en 4 categorías (0, 1, 2 o 3 puntos; rango: 0-45 puntos). Resultados: el QUINN se aplicó en el menú ofertado por una residencia de ancianos dando un resultado de 34 puntos (dieta de buena calidad). Los componentes con mayor puntuación estaban relacionados con la dieta mediterránea (alto consumo de legumbres, aceite de oliva, pescado blanco y marisco, bajo consumo de otras grasas y variedad de frutas y verduras), junto con los cereales, las carnes blancas, los lácteos y los huevos. Los componentes que requerían un cambio importante fueron las carnes rojas y procesadas, los dulces y los cereales integrales. Conclusión: el menú de esta residencia de ancianos situada en España mostró una calidad de la dieta buena según el QUINN. La evaluación de la calidad de la dieta en las residencias de ancianos mediante el QUINN permitirá proponer intervenciones para mejorar la dieta

El papel de la vitamina K: un estudio transversal de la ingesta de los menús ofertados en un centro geriátrico: El papel de la vitamina K en geriatría

Introduction: The aims of the present study were to estimate the vitamin K1 content of the menu offered in a nursing home and its adequacy to the recommendations, to determine its dietary sources and to classify the dishes on the menu. Material and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. The dietary intake of vitamin K1 from the dietary menu offered in a public nursing home (Valladolid, Spain) was studied. The dietary study was performed by estimating the theoretical dietary intake of the basal menu offered during 14 consecutive days consumed by 138 elderly individuals. Vitamin K1 intake was estimated using data from the food composition table of Ortega-Anta et al, 2010. Results: The mean vitamin K1 intake was 224 (standard deviation, 128 µg/day) with a very similar amount between weeks and a great variation between days (97-586 µg/day). The main source of this micronutrient was vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables (chard, cabbage, lettuce). The vitamin K1 content of the menu offered was more than three times higher (320%) than the adequate intake recommended by EFSA and more than double (249-280%) the AESAN dietary intakes. The food groups that contributed most vitamin K1 to the diet were vegetables (41.7%) and fruits (28.6%). Based on the Nutrition Care Manual classification, dishes were categorised into 4 free of vitamin K1, 23 with low, 13 with moderate and 4 with a high amount of this micronutrient. Conclusions: In the menu offered in this nursing home, the estimated dietary intake of vitamin K1 was between two and three times higher than recommended (AESAN and EFSA). In the long term, high intakes of vitamin K1 could have health benefits associated with age-related diseases.Introducción: Los objetivos de la presente investigación han sido estimar el contenido de vitamina K1 del menú ofertado en una residencia de ancianos y su adecuación a las recomendaciones, determinar sus fuentes dietéticas y clasificar los platos del menú. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se ha estudiado la ingesta dietética de vitamina K1 de la planificación dietética en un centro asistencial público (Valladolid, España) El estudio dietético se realizó estimando la ingesta dietética teórica del menú basal ofertado durante 14 días consecutivos que consumían 138 personas mayores. El aporte de vitamina K1 se estimó mediante los datos de la tabla de composición de alimentos de Ortega-Anta y cols., 2010. Resultados: El aporte medio de vitamina K1 fue de 224 (desviación estándar, 128 µg/día) con una cantidad muy similar entre semanas y una gran variación entre días (97-586 µg/día). La principal fuente de este micronutriente fueron las verduras, en especial, las de hoja verde (acelgas, repollo, lechuga). El contenido de vitamina K1 del menú ofertado fue más de tres veces superior (320%) a la ingesta adecuada recomendada por la EFSA y más del doble (249-280%) según las ingestas dietéticas de la AESAN. Los grupos de alimentos que aportaron más vitamina K1 a la dieta fueron las verduras (41,7%) y las frutas (28,6%). Mediante la clasificación del Nutrition Care Manual se categorizaron los platos en 4 libres de vitamina K1, 23 con bajo contenido, 13 con un aporte moderado y 4 con una cantidad alta de este micronutriente. Conclusiones: En el menú ofertado en este centro residencial, la estimación del aporte dietético de vitamina K1 fue entre dos veces y tres veces superior a la recomendada (AESAN y EFSA). A largo plazo, la alta ingesta de vitamina K1 podría suponer beneficios en la salud asociados con enfermedades relacionadas con el envejecimiento

APICAMPUS, a project on Urban beekeeping developed at the University of Malaga

Urban beekeeping has ourished in the last years, with many institutions interested in creating colonies on their roofs. Bees and other animal pollinators contribute to increase food production, making bees essential for agriculture and plant life, in general. And, as bee populations decline, the need for secondary sources of pollinators for agricultural production grows. The Vice-rectorate of Smart-Campus of the University of Malaga focuses on two fundamen tal aspects: understanding the UMA campus as a Smart City in itself and marking new lines of action at the academic level that will make the UMA an international benchmark in Sustainability. Framed in the program above mentioned, APICAMPUS is a pilot and interdisciplinary project that involves researchers and students belonging to 4 departments of 2 university faculties together with Bee Garden Malaga, a multi-disciplinary environmental company with thematic areas on beekeeping. The project aims to promote the development of beekeeping in urban environments, raising awareness about the importance of the bees as pollinating insects, as well as the use of the beehive products. For the above mentioned, two beehives Langstroth type, were installed at the roof of the Faculty of Science, a traditional wooden one, and another made of polystyrene. The main interest of this project lies in the monitoring of the hives by means of temperature and humidity sensors, electronic scales for weight control, video cameras located inside and outside of them, together with the use of bee-marking systems. Additionally, analysis for characterizing and study the origin and the properties of the beehive products will be carried out, as well as field monitoring to highlight the situation of pollinators at the University Campus of Teatinos. Although the samplings have barely begun, this communication intends to be the offcial presentation of the project APICAMPUS to the scientific community.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Polarimetric imaging for the detection of synthetic models of SARS-CoV-2: A proof of concept

Objective: To conduct a proof-of-concept study of the detection of two synthetic models of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using polarimetric imaging. Approach: Two SARS-CoV-2 models were prepared as engineered lentiviruses pseudotyped with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus, and with the characteristic Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Samples were prepared in two biofluids (saline solution and artificial saliva), in four concentrations, and deposited as 5-µL droplets on a supporting plate. The angles of maximal degree of linear polarization (DLP) of light diffusely scattered from dry residues were determined using Mueller polarimetry from87 samples at 405 nm and 514 nm. A polarimetric camera was used for imaging several samples under 380–420 nm illumination at angles similar to those of maximal DLP. Per-pixel image analysis included quantification and combination of polarization feature descriptors in 475 samples. Main results: The angles (from sample surface) of maximal DLP were 3° for 405 nm and 6° for 514 nm. Similar viral particles that differed only in the characteristic spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2, their corresponding negative controls, fluids, and the sample holder were discerned at 10-degree and 15-degree configurations. Significance: Polarimetric imaging in the visible spectrum may help improve fast, non-contact detection and identification of viral particles, and/or other microbes such as tuberculosis, in multiple dry fluid samples simultaneously, particularly when combined with other imaging modalities. Further analysis including realistic concentrations of real SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in relevant human fluids is required. Polarimetric imaging under visible light may contribute to a fast, cost-effective screening of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens when combined with other imaging modalities.12 página

Hyperspectral image processing for the identification and quantification of lentiviral particles in fluid samples

Optical spectroscopic techniques have been commonly used to detect the presence of biofilm-forming pathogens (bacteria and fungi) in the agro-food industry. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy revealed that it is also possible to detect the presence of viruses in animal and vegetal tissues. Here we report a platform based on visible and NIR (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging for non-contact, reagent free detection and quantification of laboratory-engineered viral particles in fluid samples (liquid droplets and dry residue) using both partial least square-discriminant analysis and artificial feed-forward neural networks. The detection was successfully achieved in preparations of phosphate buffered solution and artificial saliva, with an equivalent pixel volume of 4 nL and lowest concentration of 800 TU.mu L-1. This method constitutes an innovative approach that could be potentially used at point of care for rapid mass screening of viral infectious diseases and monitoring of the SARS-CoV- 2 pandemic.This research was funded by grants number COV20-00080 and COV20-00173 of the 2020 Emergency Call for Research Projects about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease of the Institute of Health 'Carlos III', Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and by grant number EQC2019-006240-P of the 2019 Call for Acquisition of Scientific Equipment, FEDER Program, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This work has been supported by the European Commission through the JRC HUMAINT project. ABR was supported by grant number RTI2018-094465-J funded by the Spanish National Agency of Research. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the members of the EOD-CBRN Group of the Spanish National Police, whose identities cannot be disclosed, and who are represented here by JMNG. Authors thank continuous support from their institutions

Heteroatom-tagged proteomics of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease human serum reveal alterations in selenoproteins

Heteroatom-tagged proteomics allows the absolute quantification of selenoproteins using the heteroatom as a "tag" into a selective and sensitive atomic detector instead of a molecular one. Using this analytical method, about 90% of total selenium in human serum/plasma can be measured as selenoproteins and total selenometabolites and thus, the status of selenium can be determined. Herein, we determined the absolute concentration of selenoproteins in human serum patients with lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a competing cause of morbidity and mortality in smokers as well as an independent risk factor for LC. We conducted an observational study of 154 human serum samples obtained from LC and COPD patients with varying severity of disease, including COPD patients who developed LC during follow-up and healthy controls (HC). Using heteroatom-tagged proteomics, we determined extracellular glutathione peroxidase (eGPx), selenoprotein P (SELENOP), and selenoalbumin (SeAlb). Associations between selenoproteins were also studied as potential biomarkers of disease. The concentration of eGPx was significantly higher in the all-inclusive COPD cohort compared to HC, COPD patients with LC, or those with mild obstructive lung disease, while SELENOP concentration was significantly decreased in LC patients compared to HC and COPD. We found an inverse correlation between SELENOP and SeAlb in HC, but also in LC patients, and especially in patients with COPD and LC. Moreover, we found that eGPx and selenometabolite concentrations were positively associated with LC human serum. Selenoprotein concentrations were altered in COPD and LC when compared to healthy controls suggesting a potential role of the selenoproteome in the diagnosis and/or treatment of these tobacco-related diseases.Funding: This work has been supported by the project “Heteroatom-tagged proteomics and metabolomics to study lung cancer. Influence of gut microbiota” (Ref.: PY20_00366). Project of Excellence. Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University, Andalusia, Spain. The authors also thank the grants Ref. 651/2018 and 115/2020 from the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Surgery (SEPAR) and 08/2018 from the Association of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (Neumosur) that supported samples recruitment at the hospitals and biobank registration. The authors also thank Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AES16/01783) and unrestricted funding from Menarini Group and AstraZeneca“. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA. Acknowledgements: We thank all the patients who have volunteered and donated their biomaterials for the study

Phylogeny and phylogeography of a recent HIV-1 subtype F outbreak among men who have sex with men in Spain deriving from a cluster with a wide geographic circulation in Western Europe

This work received support from the Dirección General de Farmacia, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Government of Spain, grant EC11-272; European Network of Excellence EUROPRISE (Rational Design of HIV Vaccines and Microbicides), grant LSHP-CT-2006-037611; European Research Infrastructures for Poverty Related Diseases (EURIPRED). Seventh Framework Programme: FP7-Capacities-infrastructures-2012-1, grant agreement 312661; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Evaluación, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Plan Nacional I + D + I, through project RD12/0017/0026; Consellería de Sanidade, Government of Galicia, Spain (MVI 1291/08); and the Osakidetza-Servicio Vasco de Salud, Basque Country, Spain (MVI-1255-08). Marcos Pérez-Losada was supported by a DC D-CFAR Research Award from the District of Columbia Developmental Center for AIDS Research (P30AI087714) and by an University Facilitating Fund award from George Washington University. Aurora Fernández-García is supported by CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.We recently reported the rapid expansion of an HIV-1 subtype F cluster among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the region of Galicia, Northwest Spain. Here we update this outbreak, analyze near full-length genomes, determine phylogenetic relationships, and estimate its origin. For this study, we used sequences of HIV-1 protease-reverse transcriptase and env V3 region, and for 17 samples, near full-length genome sequences were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses were performed via maximum likelihood. Locations and times of most recent common ancestors were estimated using Bayesian inference. Among samples analyzed by us, 100 HIV-1 F1 subsubtype infections of monophyletic origin were diagnosed in Spain, including 88 in Galicia and 12 in four other regions. Most viruses (n = 90) grouped in a subcluster (Galician subcluster), while 7 from Valladolid (Central Spain) grouped in another subcluster. At least 94 individuals were sexually-infected males and at least 71 were MSM. Seventeen near full-length genomes were uniformly of F1 subsubtype. Through similarity searches and phylogenetic analyses, we identified 18 viruses from four other Western European countries [Switzerland (n = 8), Belgium (n = 5), France (n = 3), and United Kingdom (n = 2)] and one from Brazil, from samples collected in 2005?2011, which branched within the subtype F cluster, outside of both Spanish subclusters, most of them corresponding to recently infected individuals. The most probable geographic origin and age of the Galician subcluster was Ferrol, Northwest Galicia, around 2007, while the Western European cluster probably emerged in Switzerland around 2002. In conclusion, a recently expanded HIV-1 subtype F cluster, the largest non-subtype B cluster reported in Western Europe, continues to spread among MSM in Spain; this cluster is part of a larger cluster with a wide geographic circulation in diverse Western European countries.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Propuestas y perspectivas de investigación en el área de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura: nuevos horizontes en la era de lo emocional y lo poscomunicativo

Innovation in Didactics of Language and Literature is the mail core of the present monographic edition