Nova formula za izračun koeficijenta korelacije u geodetskim mjerenjima za mali broj opažanja

When performing geodetic surveys, the number of measurements is usually small, which in the case of dependent series of measurements leads to an underestimation of the correlation coefficient calculated by the standard formula. A new formula for determining the correlation coefficient is proposed. The values of correlation coefficients calculated by the new formula and by the known ones were compared for the number of measurements . It was found that the correlation coefficient values calculated by the new formula will have higher values as compared to the values calculated by the known formulas, i.e. these values will be less biased with respect to the true values of the correlation coefficients. The correlation coefficients obtained by the new formula will be maximal at an appropriate level of significance and number of degrees of freedom. With a large number of measurements, the values of correlation coefficients obtained by the new formula and by the formulas that are widely used in geodesy and photogrammetry will not differ significantly.Prilikom izvođenja geodetskih izmjera, broj mjerenja je obično mali što u slučaju serije ovisnih mjerenja dovodi do niske procjene koeficijenta korelacije izračunatog pomoću standardne formule. Predlaže se nova formula za određivanje koeficijenta korelacije. Uspoređene su vrijednosti koeficijenta korelacije izračunate pomoću nove formule i pomoću poznatih formula za broj mjerenja . Utvrđeno je da će vrijednosti koeficijenta korelacije izračunate novom formulom biti veće u usporedbi s vrijednostima izračunatima pomoću poznatih formula, odnosno te vrijednosti će biti manje pristrane u odnosu na prave vrijednosti koeficijenata korelacije. Koeficijenti korelacije dobiveni pomoću nove formule bit će maksimalni na odgovarajućoj razini značaja i broja stupnjeva slobode. Za veliki broj mjerenja, vrijednosti koeficijenata korelacije dobivene novom formulom i formulama čija je upotreba raširena u geodeziji i fotogrametriji neće se značajno razlikovati

Nova formula za izračun koeficijenta korelacije u geodetskim mjerenjima za mali broj opažanja

When performing geodetic surveys, the number of measurements is usually small, which in the case of dependent series of measurements leads to an underestimation of the correlation coefficient calculated by the standard formula. A new formula for determining the correlation coefficient is proposed. The values of correlation coefficients calculated by the new formula and by the known ones were compared for the number of measurements . It was found that the correlation coefficient values calculated by the new formula will have higher values as compared to the values calculated by the known formulas, i.e. these values will be less biased with respect to the true values of the correlation coefficients. The correlation coefficients obtained by the new formula will be maximal at an appropriate level of significance and number of degrees of freedom. With a large number of measurements, the values of correlation coefficients obtained by the new formula and by the formulas that are widely used in geodesy and photogrammetry will not differ significantly.Prilikom izvođenja geodetskih izmjera, broj mjerenja je obično mali što u slučaju serije ovisnih mjerenja dovodi do niske procjene koeficijenta korelacije izračunatog pomoću standardne formule. Predlaže se nova formula za određivanje koeficijenta korelacije. Uspoređene su vrijednosti koeficijenta korelacije izračunate pomoću nove formule i pomoću poznatih formula za broj mjerenja . Utvrđeno je da će vrijednosti koeficijenta korelacije izračunate novom formulom biti veće u usporedbi s vrijednostima izračunatima pomoću poznatih formula, odnosno te vrijednosti će biti manje pristrane u odnosu na prave vrijednosti koeficijenata korelacije. Koeficijenti korelacije dobiveni pomoću nove formule bit će maksimalni na odgovarajućoj razini značaja i broja stupnjeva slobode. Za veliki broj mjerenja, vrijednosti koeficijenata korelacije dobivene novom formulom i formulama čija je upotreba raširena u geodeziji i fotogrametriji neće se značajno razlikovati

Assessment of the Nature of Dyslipoproteinemias and Correlations of Indicators of General Reactivity and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Inflammation of the Reproductive System

Metabolic disorders can occur at all levels of biological organization - from molecular and cellular to the level of the organism as a whole. These changes may result from disruptions in hormonal mechanisms, actions of pathogenic factors, or infections. Primary metabolic disorders are the basis of many diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis, while secondary disorders accompany most pathological processes. Disruption of lipid metabolism leads to changes in their functions and the development of pathological processes, such as dyslipoproteinemia, and also contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Various intracellular infectious agents play a significant role in the development of dyslipoproteinemias and atherosclerosis, for example, chlamydia can alter the lipid metabolism in macrophages under the influence of low-density lipoproteins, leading to the formation of 'foam-like' cells. This, in turn, contributes to the development of atheromatous plaques-a favorable environment for chlamydia, where it can survive for an extended period and trigger immunopathological mechanisms

Assessment of the State of Platelet Haemostasis and Adhesive - Aggregation Properties of Platelets as a Factor of Increasing the Tendency to Thrombosis in Chronic Inflammation

In recent decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding the functional mechanisms of platelets and the correction of platelet haemostasis. Platelets are considered the most important participants in both the normal and pathological thrombotic processes characteristic of a variety of diseases and conditions. Alterations in various limbs of haemostasis are found in many somatic diseases (atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke), surgical procedures, oncological and immunological diseases. Inflammation underlies most diseases and remains an urgent problem in medicine. In the leukocyte infiltration of the inflammatory focus, the mechanism of its self-preservation is of great importance. The activation of haematopoiesis during inflammation is triggered by factors released by stimulated leukocytes of the focus and peripheral blood. Therefore, the problem of the state of the haemostasis system should be the focus of constant attention of clinicians, and with the help of laboratory monitoring of the state of the haemostasis system, it is possible to carry out drug correction of the haemocoagulation potential

Peculiarities of the State of the Body's Immunoprotective Functions, Bacterioscopic and Cytological Studies in the Presence of a Chronic Inflammatory Process of the Reproductive System

At the current stage, the state of health of the Ukrainian nation of reproductive age is characterized by a low birth rate. Chronic inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system significantly affect the health of millions of people of childbearing age. Chronic inflammation is characterized by a protracted, often erased course, a tendency to relapse, the presence of complications and resistance to therapy. The development and formation of inflammatory diseases are based on interconnected processes that begin with acute inflammation and end with destructive changes, therefore the assessment of the body's adaptive capabilities is increasingly considered one of the most important health criteria. There is a whole series of integral hematological indicators that allow you to assess the state of various parts of the immune system without resorting to special research methods

Multiple Myeloma Treatment in Real-world Clinical Practice : Results of a Prospective, Multinational, Noninterventional Study

Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all patients and their families and all the EMMOS investigators for their valuable contributions to the study. The authors would like to acknowledge Robert Olie for his significant contribution to the EMMOS study. Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all patients and their families and all the EMMOS investigators for their valuable contributions to the study. The authors would like to acknowledge Robert Olie for his significant contribution to the EMMOS study. Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Information: M.M. has received personal fees from Janssen, Celgene, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sanofi, Novartis, and Takeda and grants from Janssen and Sanofi during the conduct of the study. E.T. has received grants from Janssen and personal fees from Janssen and Takeda during the conduct of the study, and grants from Amgen, Celgene/Genesis, personal fees from Amgen, Celgene/Genesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Glaxo-Smith Kline outside the submitted work. M.V.M. has received personal fees from Janssen, Celgene, Amgen, and Takeda outside the submitted work. M.C. reports honoraria from Janssen, outside the submitted work. M. B. reports grants from Janssen Cilag during the conduct of the study. M.D. has received honoraria for participation on advisory boards for Janssen, Celgene, Takeda, Amgen, and Novartis. H.S. has received honoraria from Janssen-Cilag, Celgene, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Takeda outside the submitted work. V.P. reports personal fees from Janssen during the conduct of the study and grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Amgen, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, and personal fees from Takeda outside the submitted work. W.W. has received personal fees and grants from Amgen, Celgene, Novartis, Roche, Takeda, Gilead, and Janssen and nonfinancial support from Roche outside the submitted work. J.S. reports grants and nonfinancial support from Janssen Pharmaceutical during the conduct of the study. V.L. reports funding from Janssen Global Services LLC during the conduct of the study and study support from Janssen-Cilag and Pharmion outside the submitted work. A.P. reports employment and shareholding of Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) during the conduct of the study. C.C. reports employment at Janssen-Cilag during the conduct of the study. C.F. reports employment at Janssen Research and Development during the conduct of the study. F.T.B. reports employment at Janssen-Cilag during the conduct of the study. The remaining authors have stated that they have no conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The AuthorsMultiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, with little information available on its management in real-world clinical practice. The results of the present prospective, noninterventional observational study revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to treat MM. Our results also provide data to inform health economic, pharmacoepidemiologic, and outcomes research, providing a framework for the design of protocols to improve the outcomes of patients with MM. Background: The present prospective, multinational, noninterventional study aimed to document and describe real-world treatment regimens and disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Patients and Methods: Adult patients initiating any new MM therapy from October 2010 to October 2012 were eligible. A multistage patient/site recruitment model was applied to minimize the selection bias; enrollment was stratified by country, region, and practice type. The patient medical and disease features, treatment history, and remission status were recorded at baseline, and prospective data on treatment, efficacy, and safety were collected electronically every 3 months. Results: A total of 2358 patients were enrolled. Of these patients, 775 and 1583 did and did not undergo stem cell transplantation (SCT) at any time during treatment, respectively. Of the patients in the SCT and non-SCT groups, 49%, 21%, 14%, and 15% and 57%, 20%, 12% and 10% were enrolled at treatment line 1, 2, 3, and ≥ 4, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT groups, 45% and 54% of the patients had received bortezomib-based therapy without thalidomide/lenalidomide, 12% and 18% had received thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy without bortezomib, and 30% and 4% had received bortezomib plus thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy as frontline treatment, respectively. The corresponding proportions of SCT and non-SCT patients in lines 2, 3, and ≥ 4 were 45% and 37%, 30% and 37%, and 12% and 3%, 33% and 27%, 35% and 32%, and 8% and 2%, and 27% and 27%, 27% and 23%, and 6% and 4%, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT patients, the overall response rate was 86% to 97% and 64% to 85% in line 1, 74% to 78% and 59% to 68% in line 2, 55% to 83% and 48% to 60% in line 3, and 49% to 65% and 36% and 45% in line 4, respectively, for regimens that included bortezomib and/or thalidomide/lenalidomide. Conclusion: The results of our prospective study have revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to manage MM in real-life practice. This diversity was linked to factors such as novel agent accessibility and evolving treatment recommendations. Our results provide insight into associated clinical benefits.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Management of Multiple Myeloma and Usage of Bortezomib: Perspective from India and Ukraine

Novel treatment strategies have remarkably improved the multiple myeloma (MM) patients’ survival, with associated increased costs.A joint panel meet of international experts from India and Ukraine was held in New Delhi on 19th May 2016 focusing on: MM management, bortezomib role, unmet medical needs, and current challenges.The healthcare system for oncology in India is majorly private versus government-based in Ukraine. In India, electrophoresis, serum-free light chain assays, bone marrow tests, and X-rays are available modes of diagnosis. Despite of the numerous cancer centers and stem cell transplant centers, most patients do not prefer transplant owing to its high-cost and social stigma. Majority of the patients are treated with bortezomib or lenalidomide-based regimens. Most patients buy drug themselves. The expanding generic drugs market is a ray of hope for the affordable drugs.In Ukraine, immuno-fixation, bone-marrow analysis, and magnetic-resonance-imaging are common diagnostic modalities. Due to high-cost, only few patients undergo transplant. Bortezomib-based regimens are preferred in most of the patients, however usage is limited due to high costs and lack of funds. Thalidomide-based regimens are used for maintenance therapy due to affordability. In case of relapsed MM, bortezomib is preferred in triple therapy, however more affordable option is cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (CTD). Issues such as cost containment, common treatment strategies, enhanced collaboration, and improved healthcare access need immediate attention. High-quality generics access will improve outcomes and support healthcare cost containment. Pharmacoeconomic studies and head-to-head trials are warranted to determine the cost-effectiveness and benefit of novel therapies in MM