Enrique Gómez Carrillo a la defensa de Clarín

Enrique Gómez Carrillo at the age of seventeen published in the Guatemalan newspaper El Imparcial in February 1890 a two-part article entitled «El último folleto de Clarín.» It is a review of the sixth of Leopoldo Alas's Folletos literarios, Rafael Calvo y el teatro español, in which the freshly minted critic defends Clarín in the most laudatory terms against the attacks of the Salvadorean writer Francisco Gavidia, a close friend of Rubén Darío, both of whom Clarín's apparently anti-American stance had offended deeply. With this forgotten article Gómez Carrillo unleashed a lively polemic, both for his impassioned praise of Clarín as a critic and as a fiction writer and for his acerbic, burlesque tone. In this respect, he echoed Clarín himself, who by this time had become one of the most widely read and hotly debated peninsular writers in Spanish America. Critics have documented the literary relations between Clarín and Gómez Carrillo after the latter's arrival in Madrid and after Clarín reviewed Gómez Carrillo's first book in 1892, but this obscure article, which is reprinted here, pushes the contact back two years and is a demonstration of the sincere and disinterested admiration that Gómez Carrillo felt for Clarín at a time when he owed him no debts.Se reproduce aquí un artículo desconocido, publicado en dos partes por Enrique Gómez Carrillo, a la edad de diecisiete años, en el periódico El Imparcial de Guatemala en febrero de 1890. Titulado «El último folleto de Clarín», el artículo es una reseña del sexto de los Folletos literarios de Leopoldo Alas, Rafael Calvo y el teatro español, donde el joven guatemalteco, en términos de los más encomiásticos, defiende a Clarín de los ataques del escritor salvadoreño, Francisco Gavidia, gran amigo de Rubén Darío, a quienes había ofendido la postura ostensiblemente antiamericana del crítico de Oviedo. Gómez Carrillo, recién iniciado en su carrera, produjo con este artículo una viva polémica por sus acaloradas alabanzas de Clarín como crítico, novelista y cuentista y también por su tono burlesco y despectivo, al estilo del propio Clarín, uno de los autores peninsulares más leído y discutido en Hispanoamérica en su momento. Los críticos han comentado las relaciones literarias entre Clarín y Gómez Carrillo a partir de 1892, tras la llegada del guatemalteco a Madrid y tras la reseña clariniana del primer libro de su colega de ultramar. Este artículo, publicado dos años antes, es una demostración de la sincera devoción que Gómez Carrillo sentía por Clarín cuando todavía no le debía nada

La resonancia del realismo: Galdós y Clarín entre fines de siglo

El autor contrapone la recepción que los textos de ambos autores tuvieron en su momento de producción –fines del siglo pasado–, a las lecturas que hoy se hacen de sus novelas. Parte del reencanto de los críticos se debe a que estos textos resisten métodos de análisis narrativo de corte estructuralista, desconstructivo o posmoderno. El lector contemporáneo, a diferencia del decimonónico, tiene plena conciencia del realismo como una forma de ficción, y por tanto su lectura implica un deliberado placer estético. El artículo destaca la dimensión humana de los personajes de novelas como "La Regenta" o "Fortunata y Jacinta", los que siguen apareciendo, a ojos del lector de hoy, como verosímiles y entrañables. The author contrasts the reception that the texts of both authors had in their moment of production—the end of the last century—with the readings that are done today of his novels. Part of the new charm of the criticisms is owed to the fact that these texts resist methods of narrative analysis of a structuralist, deconstructionist, or postmodern type. The contemporary reader, in contrast to that of the 19th century, is plainly aware of realism as a form of fiction, and therefore his/her reading implies a deliberate aestethic. The article highlights the human dimension of the characters of novels such as "The Professor’s Wife" and "Fortunata and Jacinta", those which apparently continue to be, in the eyes of the reader today, truthful and likeable

Small Polarons in Transition Metal Oxides

The formation of polarons is a pervasive phenomenon in transition metal oxide compounds, with a strong impact on the physical properties and functionalities of the hosting materials. In its original formulation the polaron problem considers a single charge carrier in a polar crystal interacting with its surrounding lattice. Depending on the spatial extension of the polaron quasiparticle, originating from the coupling between the excess charge and the phonon field, one speaks of small or large polarons. This chapter discusses the modeling of small polarons in real materials, with a particular focus on the archetypal polaron material TiO2. After an introductory part, surveying the fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of the physics of polarons, the chapter examines how to model small polarons using first principles schemes in order to predict, understand and interpret a variety of polaron properties in bulk phases and surfaces. Following the spirit of this handbook, different types of computational procedures and prescriptions are presented with specific instructions on the setup required to model polaron effects.Comment: 36 pages, 12 figure

DFT exchange: sharing perspectives on the workhorse of quantum chemistry and materials science

In this paper, the history, present status, and future of density-functional theory (DFT) is informally reviewed and discussed by 70 workers in the field, including molecular scientists, materials scientists, method developers and practitioners. The format of the paper is that of a roundtable discussion, in which the participants express and exchange views on DFT in the form of 302 individual contributions, formulated as responses to a preset list of 26 questions. Supported by a bibliography of 777 entries, the paper represents a broad snapshot of DFT, anno 2022