Automatisk rettet eksamen i generell kjemi

Vitenskapelig foredrag på MNT-konferansen, 16.03. - 17.03.23, Stavanger: https://www.uis.no/nb/det-teknisk-naturvitenskapelige-fakultet/mnt-konferansen-2023.En god avsluttende eksamen vurderer i hvilken grad intendert læringsutbytte har blitt oppnådd på en nøye, objektiv og reproduserbar måte. Det er imidlertid lite tilfredsstillende hvis en faglærer bruker mye tid på vurdering avlæring framfor vurdering forlæring underveis i semesteret. Derfor kan det være attraktivtå utforske muligheter med en digital automatisk rettet eksamen, spesielt i emner med mange studenter. I dette bidraget beskriver vihvorfor og hvordan vi har lagt om en eksamen i et emne i generell kjemi fra en sekstimers bruk-og-kast-eksamen på papir til en tretimers gjenbrukbar automatisk rettet digital eksamen. Vidrøfter ogsåfordeler og ulemper med å bruke en slik eksamen som skoleeksamen eller hjemmeeksamen,systematisk kvalitetssikring av eksamensoppgavene,og spørsmål knyttet til sensorens rolle isensur av en automatisk rettet eksamen

Cellulose dissolution and gelation in NaOH(aq) under controlled CO2 atmosphere : supramolecular structure and flow properties

We investigate the interplay between cellulose crystallization and aggregation with interfibrillar interactions, shear forces, and the local changes in the medium's acidity. The latter is affected by the CO2 chemisorbed from the surrounding atmosphere, which, combined with shear forces, explain cellulose gelation. Herein, rheology, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) are combined to unveil the fundamental factors that limit cellulose gelation and maximize its dissolution in NaOH(aq). The obtained solutions are then proposed for developing green and environmentally friendly cellulose-based materials.Peer reviewe

Orientation toward humans predicts cognitive performance in orang-utans

The authors acknowledge the Swiss National Science Foundation and following foundations who have financially supported this project: A. H. Schultz Foundation, Paul Schiller Foundation and the Claraz Foundation in Switzerland and Waldemar von Frenckells Foundation, Ella and Georgh Ehrnrooths Foundation, Otto A. Malms Donationsfond, Nordenskiöld Samfundet and Oskar Öflunds Foundation in Finland.Non-human animals sometimes show marked intraspecific variation in their cognitive abilities that may reflect variation in external inputs and experience during the developmental period. We examined variation in exploration and cognitive performance on a problem-solving task in a large sample of captive orang-utans (Pongo abelii & P. pygmaeus, N = 103) that had experienced different rearing and housing conditions during ontogeny, including human exposure. In addition to measuring exploration and cognitive performance, we also conducted a set of assays of the subjects’ psychological orientation, including reactions towards an unfamiliar human, summarized in the human orientation index (HOI), and towards novel food and objects. Using generalized linear mixed models we found that the HOI, rather than rearing background, best predicted both exploration and problem-solving success. Our results suggest a cascade of processes: human orientation was accompanied by a change in motivation towards problem-solving, expressed in reduced neophobia and increased exploration variety, which led to greater experience, and thus eventually to higher performance in the task. We propose that different experiences with humans caused individuals to vary in curiosity and understanding of the physical problem-solving task. We discuss the implications of these findings for comparative studies of cognitive ability.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Children\u27s experiences of companion animal maltreatment in households characterized by intimate partner violence

Cruelty toward companion animals is a well-documented, coercive tactic used by abusive partners to intimidate and control their intimate partners. Experiences of co-occurring violence are common for children living in families with intimate partner violence (IPV) and surveys show that more than half are also exposed to abuse of their pets. Given children\u27s relationships with their pets, witnessing such abuse may be traumatic for them. Yet little is known about the prevalence and significance of this issue for children. The present study examines the experiences of children in families with co-occurring pet abuse and IPV. Using qualitative methods, 58 children ages 7–12 who were exposed to IPV were asked to describe their experiences of threats to and harm of their companion animals. Following the interviews, template analysis was employed to systematically develop codes and themes. Coding reliability was assessed using Randolph\u27s free-marginal multirater kappa (kfree = .90). Five themes emerged from the qualitative data, the most common being children\u27s exposure to pet abuse as a power and control tactic against their mother in the context of IPV. Other themes were animal maltreatment to discipline or punish the pet, animal cruelty by a sibling, children intervening to prevent pet abuse, and children intervening to protect the pet during a violent episode. Results indicate that children\u27s experiences of pet abuse are multifaceted, potentially traumatic, and may involve multiple family members with diverse motives

Manipulation complexity in primates coevolved with brain size and terrestriality

Humans occupy by far the most complex foraging niche of all mammals, built around sophisticated technology, and at the same time exhibit unusually large brains. To examine the evolutionary processes underlying these features, we investigated how manipulation complexity is related to brain size, cognitive test performance, terrestriality, and diet quality in a sample of 36 non-human primate species. We categorized manipulation bouts in food-related contexts into unimanual and bimanual actions, and asynchronous or synchronous hand and finger use, and established levels of manipulative complexity using Guttman scaling. Manipulation categories followed a cumulative ranking. They were particularly high in species that use cognitively challenging food acquisition techniques, such as extractive foraging and tool use. Manipulation complexity was also consistently positively correlated with brain size and cognitive test performance. Terrestriality had a positive effect on this relationship, but diet quality did not affect it. Unlike a previous study on carnivores, we found that, among primates, brain size and complex manipulations to acquire food underwent correlated evolution, which may have been influenced by terrestriality. Accordingly, our results support the idea of an evolutionary feedback loop between manipulation complexity and cognition in the human lineage, which may have been enhanced by increasingly terrestrial habits.Peer reviewe

Rekommendation om måltider för högskolestuderande : Mat ger hälsa.

Motsvarande version på finska har getts ut under namnet Korkeakouluopiskelijoiden ruokailusuositus. Terveyttä ruoasta, 2016. 978-951-669-994-6 (pdf ). Översättning Annika Cavonius.Måltider för studerande vid universitet och yrkeshögskolor subventioneras med statliga medel i form av det måltidsstöd som betalas av FPA. Enligt statsrådets förordning ska måltiderna för studerande fylla de allmänna kvalitetskraven i fråga om hälsosam och näringsrik mat. Den här rekommendationen preciserar förordningen om måltidsstödet och stöder en gynnsam utveckling av de studerandes näringsläge och hälsa. Rekommendationen erbjuder ett arbetsredskap som hjälper studentrestaurangerna vid planeringen och tillredningen av måltider som uppfyller kriterierna för måltidsstöd. Rekommendationen är avsedd som ett arbetsredskap för dem som arbetar inom måltidsservicen och som en informationskälla också för studerande och för dem som svarar för de studerandes hälso- och sjukvård. En studentmåltid ska täcka ungefär en tredjedel av det dagliga energibehovet och följa näringsrekommendationerna till sin sammansättning. Särskild uppmärksamhet måste ägnas åt fetternas och kolhydraternas kvalitet och åt mängden salt. Måltidernas näringskvalitet ska beaktas också vid konkurrensutsättning av studentrestauranger. En studentmåltid ska tillredas av sådana ingredienser som rekommenderas och bilda en helhet som förutom huvudrätt omfattar dryck, sallad, bröd och smörgåsfett. Det måste finnas minst två måltidsalternativ till grundpris att välja mellan. Förutom dem kan man på menyn ha en specialportion, tillredd av dyrare råvaror än de studentmåltider som säljs till grundpris. För planeringen och tillredningen av vegetarisk kost och specialdieter gäller samma rekommendationer som för andra måltider. Det ska finnas en beskrivning av en modellmåltid enligt tallriksmodellen för de studerande och vid behov ska de få vägledning i valet av mat. FPA övervakar att rekommendationen följs. De studerande ska själva ansvara för att dagens övriga måltider och mellanmålen främjar hälsan, viktkontrollen och studieenergin. Det är viktigt att vara uppmärksam både i fråga om fett, kolhydrater och salt och i fråga om måltidsrytmen, portionsstorlekarna, valet av drycker, ett tillräckligt intag av D-vitamin, folat och jod samt tandhälsan

Korkeakouluopiskelijoiden ruokailusuositus : Terveyttä ruoasta

Yliopisto- ja ammattikorkeakouluopiskelijoiden ruokailua tuetaan valtion varoin Kelan maksaman ateriatuen muodossa. Valtioneuvoston asetuksen mukaan opiskelija-aterian tulee täyttää laadultaan yleiset terveydelliset ja ravitsemukselliset vaatimukset. Tämä suositus tarkentaa ateriatukea koskevaa asetusta sekä tukee opiskelijoiden ravitsemuksen ja terveyden myönteistä kehitystä. Suositus tarjoaa työvälineen, joka auttaa opiskelijaravintoloita ateriatuen kriteerit täyttävien aterioiden suunnittelussa ja toteutuksessa. Suositus on tarkoitettu työvälineeksi ruokapalveluhenkilöstölle ja tietolähteeksi myös opiskelijoille ja heidän terveydenhuollostaan vastaaville. Opiskelija-aterian tulee kattaa noin kolmannes päivittäisestä energian tarpeesta ja olla koostumukseltaan ravitsemussuositusten mukainen. Huomiota tulee kiinnittää erityisesti rasvojen ja hiilihydraattien laatuun sekä suolan määrään. Aterioiden ravitsemuksellinen laatu tulee ottaa huomioon myös opiskelijaravintoloiden kilpailutuksessa. Opiskelija-aterian tulee olla suositeltavista ruoka-aineista koostuva ateriakokonaisuus, joka sisältää pääruoan lisäksi juoman, salaatin, leivän ja levitteen. Tarjolla pitää olla vähintään kaksi perushintaista ateriavaihtoehtoa. Näiden lisäksi voidaan tarjota erikoisannos, jonka raaka-ainekustannukset ovat kalliimmat kuin perushintaisessa opiskelija-ateriassa. Kasvis- ja erityisruokavalioiden suunnittelua ja valmistusta koskevat samat suositukset kuin muitakin aterioita. Opiskelijoille tulee kuvata lautasmalliin perustuva malliateria ja antaa tarvittaessa ohjausta ruokavalinnoissa. Kela valvoo suosituksen toteutumista. Opiskelijoiden omalla vastuulla on se, että päivän muutkin ateriat sekä välipalat ovat terveyttä, painonhallintaa ja opiskeluvireyttä tukevia. Tärkeää on kiinnittää huomiota rasvojen, hiilihydraattien ja suolan lisäksi ruokailurytmiin, annoskokoihin, juomien valintaan, D-vitamiinin, folaatin ja jodin riittävään saantiin sekä hammasterveyteen.Toinen, korjattu paino

Nanofibrillar cellulose wound dressing in skin graft donor site treatment

Peer reviewe

The effect of hot days on occupational heat stress in the manufacturing industry: implications for workers' well-being and productivity

Climate change is expected to exacerbate heat stress at the workplace in temperate regions, such as Slovenia. It is therefore of paramount importance to study present and future summer heat conditions and analyze the impact of heat on workers. A set of climate indices based on summer mean (Tmean) and maximum (Tmax) air temperatures, such as the number of hot days (HD: Tmax above 30 °C), and Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) were used to account for heat conditions in Slovenia at six locations in the period 1981–2010. Observed trends (1961–2011) of Tmean and Tmax in July were positive, being larger in the eastern part of the country. Climate change projections showed an increase up to 4.5 °C for mean temperature and 35 days for HD by the end of the twenty-first century under the high emission scenario. The increase in WBGT was smaller, although sufficiently high to increase the frequency of days with a high risk of heat stress up to an average of a third of the summer days. A case study performed at a Slovenian automobile parts manufacturing plant revealed non-optimal working conditions during summer 2016 (WBGT mainly between 20 and 25 °C). A survey conducted on 400 workers revealed that 96% perceived the temperature conditions as unsuitable, and 56% experienced headaches and fatigue. Given these conditions and climate change projections, the escalating problem of heat is worrisome. The European Commission initiated a program of research within the Horizon 2020 program to develop a heat warning system for European workers and employers, which will incorporate case-specific solutions to mitigate heat stress.The work was supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Action (Project number 668786: HEATSHIELD)