Superconducting Nb-film LC resonator

Sputtered Nb thin-film LC resonators for low frequencies at 0.5 MHz have been fabricated and tested in the temperature range 0.05--1 K in magnetic fields up to 30 mT. Their Q value increases towards decreasing temperature as sqrt(T) and reaches 10^3 at 0.05 K. As a function of magnetic field Q is unstable and displays variations up to 50%, which are reproducible from one field sweep to the next. These instabilities are attributed to dielectric losses in the plasma deposited SiO_2 insulation layer, since the thin-film coil alone reaches a Q > 10^5 at 0.05 K.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Review of Scientific Instrument

Kohti yhteisiä tavoitteita : GAS-koulutuksen arviointihankkeen loppuraportti

Goal Attaiment Scaling eli GAS on tavoiteasetannan menetelmä, jonka avulla pyritään ottamaan asiakkaan arki kuntoutuksen lähtökohdaksi. GAS-koulutusta avokuntoutuksen ammattihenkilöille on toteutettu 15 ammattikorkeakoulussa eri puolilla Suomea vuodesta 2011 alkaen. Tämän arviointitutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, miten koulutuksen suorittaneet ammattilaiset käyttävät GAS-menetelmää ja minkälaisena he kokevat sen käytettävyyden ja hyödynnettävyyden. Lisäksi haluttiin kartoittaa sekä koulutuksiin osallistuneiden että kouluttajien näkemyksiä GAS-menetelmästä ja -koulutuksesta ja sen kehittämistarpeista. Tutkimuksen aineisto koottiin GAS-koulutukseen osallistuneille kuntoutusammattilaisille kohdennetulla sähköisellä kyselyllä ja GAS-kouluttajien haastatteluilla. Kyselyn vastaajista (n = 178) suurin osa ilmoitti kuntoutujien osallistuvan tavoitteiden asettamiseen ja yli puolet vastaajista koki menetelmän parantaneen kuntoutujien kuntoutusmotivaatiota. Yhteistyö hoitovastuutahon kanssa GAStavoitteiden suunnittelussa ja asettamisessa on vastausten perusteella melko vähäistä. Vajaa puolet vastaajista arvioi GAS-menetelmän käyttöönoton lisänneen tai syventäneen moniammatillista yhteistyötä. Tarkasteltaessa GAS-menetelmän hallintaa havaittiin, että koulutukseen osallistuneilla näyttäisi olevan vaikeuksia lähtö- ja tavoitetason määrittelyssä, indikaattorien sanallistamisessa sekä T-scoren ymmärtämisessä. Noin kaksi kolmasosaa vastaajista arvioi GAS-koulutuksen vastanneen odotuksia, mutta kaiken kaikkiaan koulutustyytyväisyyden suhteen ammattikorkeakoulukohtaiset erot olivat suuria tilastollisesti merkitsevällä tasolla. Avoimissa vastauksissa teemoiksi nousivat moniammatillisuus ja ammattikohtaisuus koulutuksen toteutuksessa, kuntoutujiin liittyvät haasteet sekä kouluttajien GAS-osaaminen. Kouluttajien haastatteluissa esille nousivat koulutukseen osallistuneiden vastustavat ennakkoasenteet, moniammatillisen työskentelyn puute arjessa, totutuista rooleista poisoppiminen, vaikeus asettaa arkielämälähtöisiä ja tarkoituksenmukaisia tavoitteita sekä se, että kuntoutukselta puuttuu usein kokonaistavoite. Kouluttajat olivat syventäneet ja laajentaneet koulutussisältöjä ja muokanneet välitehtäviä kukin omalla tavallaan ja omien ryhmiensä tarpeista lähtien, joten GAS-koulutuksen yhdenmukaisuudesta ei voitane puhua. Raportin yhteenvetona kuvataan hyvän GAS-koulutuskäytännön elementit

Polarised target for Drell-Yan experiment in COMPASS at CERN, part I

In the polarised Drell-Yan experiment at the COMPASS facility in CERN pion beam with momentum of 190 GeV/c and intensity about $10^8$ pions/s interacted with transversely polarised NH$_3$ target. Muon pairs produced in Drel-Yan process were detected. The measurement was done in 2015 as the 1st ever polarised Drell-Yan fixed target experiment. The hydrogen nuclei in the solid-state NH$_3$ were polarised by dynamic nuclear polarisation in 2.5 T field of large-acceptance superconducting magnet. Large helium dilution cryostat was used to cool the target down below 100 mK. Polarisation of hydrogen nuclei reached during the data taking was about 80 %. Two oppositely polarised target cells, each 55 cm long and 4 cm in diameter were used. Overview of COMPASS facility and the polarised target with emphasis on the dilution cryostat and magnet is given. Results of the polarisation measurement in the Drell-Yan run and overviews of the target material, cell and dynamic nuclear polarisation system are given in the part II.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of the 22nd International Spin Symposium, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, 25-30 September 201

The biological activity of serum bacterial lipopolysaccharides associates with disease activity and likelihood of achieving remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Peer reviewe

The biological activity of serum bacterial lipopolysaccharides associates with disease activity and likelihood of achieving remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Peer reviewe

Coexistence of Single and Double-Quantum Vortex Lines

We discuss the configurations in which singly and doubly quantized vortex lines may coexist in a rotating superfluid. General principles of energy minimization lead to the conclusion that in equilibrium the two vortex species segregate within a cylindrical vortex cluster in two coaxial domains where the singly quantized lines are in the outer annular region. This is confirmed with simulation calculations on discrete vortex lines. Experimentally the coexistence can be studied in rotating superfluid $^3$He-A. With cw NMR techniques we find the radial distribution of the two vortex species to depend on how the cluster is prepared: (i) By cooling through $T_c$ in rotation, coexistence in the minimum energy configuration is confirmed. (ii) A glassy agglomerate is formed if one starts with an equilibrium cluster of single-quantum vortex lines and adds to it sequentially double-quantum lines, by increasing the rotation velocity in the superfluid state. This proves that the energy barriers, which separate different cluster configurations, are too high for metastabilities to anneal.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures; Changed content, 15 pages, 14 figure

Molecular organization of the tear fluid lipid layer

The tear fluid protects the corneal epithelium from drying out as well as from invasion by pathogens. It also provides cell nutrients. Similarly to lung surfactant, it is composed of an aqueous phase covered by a lipid layer. Here we describe the molecular organization of the anterior lipid layer of the tear film. Artificial tear fluid lipid layers (ATFLLs) composed of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (60 mol %), free fatty acids (20 mol %), cholesteryl oleate (10 mol %), and triglycerides (10 mol %) were deposited on the air-water interface and their physico-chemical behavior was compared to egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine monolayers by using Langmuir-film balance techniques, x-ray diffraction, and imaging techniques as well as in silico molecular level simulations. At low surface pressures, ATFLLs were organized at the air-water interface as heterogeneous monomolecular films. Upon compression the ATFLLs collapsed toward the air phase and formed hemispherelike lipid aggregates. This transition was reversible upon relaxation. These results were confirmed by molecular-level simulations of ATFLL, which further provided molecular-scale insight into the molecular distributions inside and dynamics of the tear film. Similar type of behavior is observed in lung surfactant but the folding takes place toward the aqueous phase. The results provide novel information of the function of lipids in the tear fluid

Transverse-momentum-dependent Multiplicities of Charged Hadrons in Muon-Deuteron Deep Inelastic Scattering

A semi-inclusive measurement of charged hadron multiplicities in deep inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target was performed using data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN. The following kinematic domain is covered by the data: photon virtuality $Q^{2}>1$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$, invariant mass of the hadronic system $W > 5$ GeV/$c^2$, Bjorken scaling variable in the range $0.003 < x < 0.4$, fraction of the virtual photon energy carried by the hadron in the range $0.2 < z < 0.8$, square of the hadron transverse momentum with respect to the virtual photon direction in the range 0.02 (GeV/$c)^2 < P_{\rm{hT}}^{2} < 3$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$. The multiplicities are presented as a function of $P_{\rm{hT}}^{2}$ in three-dimensional bins of $x$, $Q^2$, $z$ and compared to previous semi-inclusive measurements. We explore the small-$P_{\rm{hT}}^{2}$ region, i.e. $P_{\rm{hT}}^{2} < 1$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$, where hadron transverse momenta are expected to arise from non-perturbative effects, and also the domain of larger $P_{\rm{hT}}^{2}$, where contributions from higher-order perturbative QCD are expected to dominate. The multiplicities are fitted using a single-exponential function at small $P_{\rm{hT}}^{2}$ to study the dependence of the average transverse momentum $\langle P_{\rm{hT}}^{2}\rangle$ on $x$, $Q^2$ and $z$. The power-law behaviour of the multiplicities at large $P_{\rm{hT}}^{2}$ is investigated using various functional forms. The fits describe the data reasonably well over the full measured range.Comment: 28 pages, 20 figure

Longitudinal double spin asymmetries in single hadron quasi-real photoproduction at high pTp_T

We measured the longitudinal double spin asymmetries $A_{LL}$ for single hadron muo-production off protons and deuterons at photon virtuality $Q^2$ < 1(GeV/$\it c$)$^2$ for transverse hadron momenta $p_T$ in the range 0.7 GeV/$\it c$ to 4 GeV/$\it c$ . They were determined using COMPASS data taken with a polarised muon beam of 160 GeV/$\it c$ or 200 GeV/$\it c$ impinging on polarised $\mathrm{{}^6LiD}$ or $\mathrm{NH_3}$ targets. The experimental asymmetries are compared to next-to-leading order pQCD calculations, and are sensitive to the gluon polarisation $\Delta G$ inside the nucleon in the range of the nucleon momentum fraction carried by gluons $0.05 < x_g < 0.2$

Measurement of the charged-pion polarisability

The COMPASS collaboration at CERN has investigated pion Compton scattering, $\pi^-\gamma\rightarrow \pi^-\gamma$, at centre-of-mass energy below 3.5 pion masses. The process is embedded in the reaction $\pi^-\mathrm{Ni}\rightarrow\pi^-\gamma\;\mathrm{Ni}$, which is initiated by 190\,GeV pions impinging on a nickel target. The exchange of quasi-real photons is selected by isolating the sharp Coulomb peak observed at smallest momentum transfers, $Q^2<0.0015$\,(GeV/$c$)$^2$. From a sample of 63\,000 events the pion electric polarisability is determined to be $\alpha_\pi\ =\ (\,2.0\ \pm\ 0.6_{\mbox{\scriptsize stat}}\ \pm\ 0.7_{\mbox{\scriptsize syst}}\,) \times 10^{-4}\,\mbox{fm}^3$under the assumption$\alpha_\pi=-\beta_\pi$, which relates the electric and magnetic dipole polarisabilities. It is the most precise measurement of this fundamental low-energy parameter of strong interaction, that has been addressed since long by various methods with conflicting outcomes. While this result is in tension with previous dedicated measurements, it is found in agreement with the expectation from chiral perturbation theory. An additional measurement replacing pions by muons, for which the cross-section behavior is unambigiously known, was performed for an independent estimate of the systematic uncertainty.Comment: Published version: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl