The 14

Increased marine 14C reservoir ages from the surface water of the North Atlantic are documented for the Younger Dryas period. We use terrestrial and marine AMS 14C dates from the time of deposition of the Icelandic Vedde Ash to examine the marine 14C reservoir age. This changed from its modem North Atlantic value of ca. 400 yr to ca. 700 yr during the Younger Dryas climatic event. The increased marine reservoir age has implications for both comparing climatic time series dated by 14C and understanding palaeoceanographic changes that generated the increase.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202

Eight-hundred-year temperature variability from the Norwegian continental margin and the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation

Four cores raised from the eastern Norwegian Sea and adjacent Norwegian fjords at sites influenced by Atlantic water have been investigated. Oxygen isotope analyses in benthic and planktonic foraminifera are used as a proxy for the paleotemperature development spanning the last 800 years. The cores have been dated using a combination of 210Pb and radiocarbon dates yielding time resolutions of 2–5 years for the last century and 9–25 years beyond this. The proxy records have been compared with instrumental time series covering the last 100 years in order to validate the oxygen isotope measurements as a proxy for paleotemperature. The comparison shows that the paleotemperature variability derived from the oxygen isotope analyses is generally similar to the amplitudes and trends seen in the instrumental time series. In particular, a cooling around 1905–1925 followed by a warming until 1955 is evident in all proxy records as well as in the instrumental time series. Beyond the last century the proxy records show two periods from ~1225–1450 and ~1650–1905(25) when temperatures were 1.3–1.6°C lower than present separated by a period of temperatures periodically comparable to present. The last 80 years represent the modern warming and appear to be the warmest period of the last 800 years. We find that that the ocean temperature variability is comparable to terrestrial reconstructions from the region implying a strong link in the ocean-atmosphere climate system. This suggests that the climate variability in this region beyond the period covered by instrumental time series was also associated with changes in the thermohaline circulation

Late Pleistocene-Holocene radiolarian paleotemperatures in the Norwegian Sea based on Artificial Neural Networks 224 (2005) 311 332

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were trained by using an extensive radiolarian census dataset from the Nordic (Greenland, Norwegian, and Iceland) Seas. The regressions between observed and predicted Summer Sea Temperature (SST) indicate that lower error margins and better correlation coefficients are obtained for 100 m (SST100) compared to 10 m (SST10) water depth, and by using a subset of species instead of all species. The trained ANNs were subsequently applied to radiolarian data from two Norwegian Sea cores, HM 79-4 and MD95-2011, for reconstructions of SSTs through the last 15,000 years. The reconstructed SST is quite high during the Bolling-Allerod, when it reaches values only found later during the warmest phase of the Holocene. The climatic transitions in and out of the Younger Dryas are very rapid and involve a change in SST100 of 6.2 and 6.8 degrees C, taking place over 440 and 140 years, respectively. SST100 remains at a maximum during the early Holocene, and this Radiolarian Holocene Optimum Temperature Interval (RHOTI) predates the commonly recognized middle Holocene Climatic Optimum (HCO). During the 8.2 ka event, SST100 decreases by ca. 3 degrees C, and this episode marks the establishment of a cooling trend, roughly spanning the middle Holocene (until ca. 4.2 ka). Successively, since then and through the late Holocene, SST100 follows instead a statistically significant warming trend. The general patterns of the reconstructed SSTs agree quite well with previously obtained results based on application of Imbrie and Kipp Transfer Functions (IKTF) to the same two cores for SST0. A statistically significant cyclic component of our SST record (period of 278 years) has been recognized. This is close to the de Vries or Suess cycle, linked to solar variability, and documented in a variety of other high-resolution Holocene records