114 research outputs found
Cross-Border Shopping: Evidence from Household Transaction Records
Cross-border shopping allows purchasing comparable goods at lower prices abroad.
At the same time, it can reduce domestic consumption, sales, or tax collection.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, many countries restricted cross-border movements
to mitigate the virus’s spread, thereby also prohibiting cross-border shopping. I
exploit the random timing of the Swiss border closure using data on 600 million
customer-linked transactions from the largest Swiss retailer to identify patterns in
cross-border shopping. I find that grocery expenditures temporarily increased by
10-15% in border regions. Households drive up to 70 minutes to a location across
the border, but the distance decay function is non-linear and marginal costs of
traveling become negligible after 40 minutes
Mild and Rational Synthesis of Palladium Complexes Comprising C(4)-Bound N-Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Spatial frictions in consumption and retail competition
In this paper, we empirically quantify spatial consumption frictions and the degree
of local retail competition. We exploit a unique data set including 1.5 billion daily
transactions in combination with detailed characteristics of more than 3 million
households. Our estimates are based on a quasi-experimental approach to estimate
the causal effect of store openings. We find that a same-chain store opening in the
proximity of households' residences reduces their expenditures at incumbent stores
by 30% in the first month. Smaller effects for competitors suggest imperfect
substitutability between retail chains. Exploiting more than 350 openings, we
identify causal consumption gravity functions, which allow us to quantify spatial
consumption areas. We document significant heterogeneities across regions and
socio-demographic groups, indicating substantial inequalities in consumption
access
Untersuchungen zur Synthese von neuen Phosphaalkinen und ihrer Reaktion mit Cyclopentadienylcobalt-Chelatkomplexen mit Phosphor-Seitenarm
[no abstract
Close-range photogrammetry and infrared imaging for non-invasive honeybee hive population assessment
16 p.Close-range photogrammetry and thermographic imaging techniques are used for the acquisition of all the data needed for the non-invasive assessment of a honeybee hive population. Temperature values complemented with precise 3D geometry generated using novel close-range photogrammetric and computer vision algorithms are used for the computation of the inner beehive temperature at each point of its surface. The methodology was validated through its application to three reference beehives with different population levels. The temperatures reached by the exterior surfaces of the hives showed a direct correlation with the population level. In addition, the knowledge of the 3D reality of the hives and the position of each temperature value allowed the positioning of the bee colonies without the need to open the hives. This way, the state of honeybee hives regarding the growth of population can be estimated without disturbing its natural development.S
Impaired hemodynamic response to mental stress in subjects with prehypertension is improved after a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise
INTRODUCTION: High blood pressure during mental stress in subjects with prehypertension is associated with blunted vasodilation in skeletal muscles, which might be improved by an acute bout of exercise. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hemodynamic responses to mental stress before and after a bout of exercise in subjects with prehypertension. METHOD: Eighteen subjects with prehypertension and 16 with normotension underwent a mental stress test before and after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill. Blood pressure was measured by auscultation, and forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography; from these measurements, the vascular conductance was calculated. RESULTS: Subjects with prehypertension had a higher mean blood pressure during mental stress (prehypertension 112±2 vs. normotension 101±3 mm Hg, p<0.05), and their vascular conductance did not increase (baseline 0.025±0.004 vs. mental stress 0.022±0.003 a.u., p.0.05). After the exercise bout, the mean blood pressure during mental stress was lower in subjects with prehypertension (before exercise 112±2 vs. after exercise 107±2 mm Hg, p<0.05), and vascular conductance increased (baseline 0.011±0.001 vs. mental stress 0.024±0.004 a.u., p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Subjects with prehypertension had elevated blood pressure and a blunted vasodilator response during mental stress, but their blood pressure was attenuated and their vasodilator response was normalized after a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise
AKTIVA design and integration of building outer surfaces for multi-functional space heating and cooling applications
Palladation of diimidazolium salts at the C4 position: access to remarkably electron-rich palladium(ii) centers
Palladium Complexes Containing Potentially Chelating Pyridylidene-Type Carbene Ligands
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