The Link Between Carolene Products and Griswold: How the Right to Privacy Protects Popular Practices from Democratic Failures

This Article proposes that there is, in fact, a constitutional doctrine that protects at least some of these anonymous and diffuse interests-the constitutional right to privacy

The Ties That Bind: The Relationship Between Law Firm Growth and Law Firm Survival

For the better part of the twentieth century, law firms hired, trained, and grew through a stable and predictable pattern: hire new law school graduates, monitor and evaluate their work, and pick promising attorneys from among their ranks and elevate them to partner. Rinse, lather, repeat. A combination of professional norms and organizational inertia made this approach the dominant method of growth among large corporate law firms until changes in legal market broke down these customary practices, ushering in a new era of lawyer mobility. Now, it has become commonplace for lawyers to leave for greener pastures as more law firms seek to grow their practices through lateral hiring. The question that this Article seeks to answer is: what (if any) effect has this change had on the stability of these law firms? Conventional wisdom holds that law firms that grow through entry-level hiring and training young attorneys (a practice long associated with the most prestigious “white shoe” firms) are more stable in the long run than law firms that poach attorneys from other firms via lateral acquisition. But why should hiring inexperienced and untested lawyers result in greater success for the firm than hiring lawyers that are proven to be competent and successful? This Article presents a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between law firm profits, firm growth strategy, and the life course of large American corporate law firms. I draw on an original longitudinal dataset to provide new insights on the determinants and effects of firm growth over a quarter of a century, from 1985 to 2011. I hypothesize that (1) “organic” growth, which relies on entry-level hiring and internal promotion, helps successful firms protect their positions by creating dense firm networks that allow the firm to survive threats to the organization, while (2) “mimetic” growth, which relies on firm merger or mass lateral hiring fails to create these dense networks and thus fails to provide long-term benefit to these firms. Ultimately, my findings both corroborate and complicate the conventional wisdom, with special resonances for what predicts the longevity of corporate law firms. I find that less profitable firms pursued mimetic growth in response to the organic growth of their more successful peers. In addition, controlling for observed potential confounders, those firms that grew organically in response to organizational need were at lower risk for dissolution than firms that intentionally pursued a growth strategy involving mergers and acquisitions. Furthermore, the increase in risk associated with this mimetic growth strategy hits low-status law firms the hardest. I conclude that mimetic growth has the potential to damage firm cohesion and upset the unique internal dynamics of law firms, thus fraying the professional ties that bind clients and lawyers alike to the firm

Political Involvement in Transition: Who Participated, and Electoral Dynamics, In Central and Eastern Europe?

Using surveys conducted in 1991, this paper examines the sociodemographic, experiential and ideological determinants of nonelectoral and electoral political participation in eight postcommunist states of eastern Europe, with comparisons to Germany and the United States. Comparing the postcommunist states to the capitalist ones, we find the determinants of participation in the former largely conform to the patterns in the west, with education playing an especially large role. In the postcommunist states, we found that youth, political anger and antisocialist ideology were important determinants of political protest and party sympathy, but not of the decision to vote in the initial elections. This may have contributed to the elite-mass divisions in these countries, where the elite promoted market-oriented reforms, and the populations responded with II left turns II in subsequent rounds of elections

The effects of magnification on nystagmus and visual acuity

The effects of magnification on nystagmus and visual acuit

Preparing orchestral excerpts: tempo and style considerations from Mozart to Brahms

Thesis (DM) – Indiana University, Music, 202

German Antarctic Receiving Station (GARS) O'Higgins

In 2012, the German Antarctic Receiving Station (GARS) O'Higgins contributed to the IVS observing program with four observation sessions. Maintenance and upgrades were made, and a new replacement dewar is under construction in the observatory at Yebes, Spain

Magma Plumbing During the 2014-2015 Eruption of Fogo (Cape Verde Islands)

Phenocrysts in volcanic rocks are recorders of magmatic processes that have occurred at depth before and during a volcanic eruption. Our petrological investigations of stratigraphically controlled tephrite and phonotephrite samples from the latest eruption of Fogo (Cape Verde Islands) aimed to reconstructing magma storage and transport. The dates of sample emplacement have been determined using satellite instrument - derived high resolution thermal infrared maps. All samples are strongly phyric and commonly contain complexly zoned clinopyroxene crystals and cumulate fragments. Clinopyroxenes from all samples exhibit 10-50 mu m wide rim zones, inferred to have grown in a few days to weeks during the ongoing eruption as a consequence of H2O loss from the melt. Clinopyroxene-melt thermobarometry using tephrite groundmass compositions suggests that the rims formed at upper mantle pressures of around 600 MPa (21 km depth). This level is interpreted to reflect temporary reduction in magma ascent velocity by near-isobaric movement through a complex storage system. Previously, the tephrite magma had accumulated at a deeper level, possibly between 700 and 900 MPa as indicated by clinopyroxene cores (Mata et al., 2017). The cause for H2O loss initiating rim growth could be degassing after rise of the magma from the deeper level, or CO(2)flushing by a carbonic fluid phase released at depth. Corresponding data from phonotephrites indicate last equilibration at around 440 MPa (16 km);the phonotephrite magma is inferred to be a residuum from an earlier magmatic event that was entrained by advancing tephrite. Microthermometry of CO2-dominated fluid inclusions in tephrite clinopyroxenes results in pressures of around 330 MPa (12 km), indicating another short pause in magma ascent in the lowermost crust. Rim zonations of olivine phenocrysts indicate that after leaving this final stalling zone, the magma ascended to the surface in less than half a day. In strong contrast to these petrological equilibration depths, seismic events precursory to the eruption were located at < 5 km below sea level, with only two exceptions at 17 and 21 km depth consistent with our barometry. Our results enhance the understanding of this potentially dangerous volcano, which helps to interpret future pre-eruptive unrest

Stripped of illusions? Exploring system justification processes in Capitalist and post-Communist societies

Sociologists and political scientists have often observed that citizens of Central and Eastern Europe express high levels of disillusionment with their social, economic and political systems, in comparison with citizens of Western capitalist societies. In this review, we analyze system legitimation and delegitimation in post-Communist societies from a social psychological perspective. We draw on system justification theory, which seeks to understand how, when and why people do (and do not) defend, bolster and justify existing social systems. We review some of the major tenets and findings of the theory and compare research on system-justifying beliefs and ideologies in traditionally Capitalist and post-Communist countries to determine: (1) whether there are robust differences in the degree of system justification in post-Communist and Capitalist societies, and (2) the extent to which hypotheses derived from system justification theory receive support in the post-Communist context. To this end, we summarize research findings from over 20 countries and cite previously unpublished data from a public opinion survey conducted in Poland. Our analysis confirms that there are lower levels of system justification in post-Communist countries. At the same time, we find that system justification possesses similar social and psychological antecedents, manifestations and consequences in the two types of societies. We offer potential explanations for these somewhat complicated patterns of results and conclude by addressing implications for theory and research on system justification and system change (or transition)

Managing the Socially Marginalized: Attitudes Towards Welfare, Punishment and Race

Welfare and incarceration policies have converged to form a system of governance over socially marginalized groups, particularly racial minorities. In both of these policy areas, rehabilitative and social support objectives have been replaced with a more punitive and restrictive system. The authors examine the convergence in individual-level attitudes concerning welfare and criminal punishment, using national survey data. The authors\u27 analysis indicates a statistically significant relationship between punitive attitudes toward welfare and punishment. Furthermore, accounting for the respondents\u27 racial attitudes explains the bivariate relationship between welfare and punishment. Thus, racial attitudes seemingly link support for punitive approaches to opposition to welfare expenditures. The authors discuss the implications of this study for welfare and crime control policies by way of the conclusion