Les forêts anciennes en Wallonie. 2ème partie : Cartographie

Un premier article a démontré que l’identification des forêts anciennes est une étape préalable pour pouvoir leur appliquer un mode de gestion spécifique et protéger le patrimoine qu’elles représentent. Cette deuxième partie énumère les sources historiques disponibles en Wallonie, donne un aperçu de l’état d’avancement du travail de numérisation de ces documents mené par le Service Public de Wallonie et en tire quelques informations très surprenantes sur l’évolution spatiale et temporelle des massifs forestiers de Wallonie depuis deux siècles et demi

Evaluer la production d’écrit en fin du cours préparatoire (première primaire): de l’élaboration d’une épreuve de test à l’analyse des résultats obtenus

International audienceL’objectif de l’analyse a posteriori proposée dans cette contribution est double : rendre compte du processus d’élaboration, de passation et de traitement d’un test portant sur la production d’écrit au CP en le complétant par une analyse des résultats obtenus et, s’appuyant sur cette analyse, proposer ce test à la communauté des chercheurs pour des usages ultérieurs. Les problèmes que sa conception et sa mise en oeuvre a posés, les essais réalisés dans des classes pour le valider renvoient à des questions pratiques autant que théoriques : quelles conceptions de l’écriture et de ses apprentissages dès le début de l’école élémentaire ? Comment évaluer quantitativement les performances en production d’écrit de si jeunes scripteurs

Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP

Alimentation de la Sérotine (Eptesicus serotinus) : comparaison entre milieux rural et urbain.

The diet of four maternity colonies of serotine bats in Southern Belgium was investigated by analysing faecal pellets collected from beneath the roost throughout the activity season. Their diet is composed of Coleoptera Melolonthidae (Melolontha sp., Amphimallon sp., Rhizotrogus sp., Serica brunnea), Coleoptera Scarabaeidae (Aphodius sp., Geotrupes sp.), Coleoptera Carabidae, Diptera Tipulidae, Diptera Chironomidae, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera Pentatomidae, Hymenoptera Ichneumonoidea Ophionidae, Trichoptera and Arachnida. The diet of an urban colony of serotine bats was broadly the same as the diets of three rural colonies. Though some qualitative and quantitative variations were observed between study sites, the main source of variation in the diet was the seasonal availability of potential prey. The prominence of agriculture-dependant prey (chafers in mid summer and Aphodius beetles in late summer and autumn) was observed at all study sites. Consequently, dietary breadth and diversity is smaller during these periods

Web-building spiders and blood-feeding flies as prey of the notch-eared bat (Myotis emarginatus)

Conservation of the endangered notch-eared bat (M. emarginatus) requires a specific action plan based on precise ecological requirements of this species. The analysis of the diet of three colonies in southern Belgium revealed: (1) spatial and seasonal variations of the diet; (2) the consumption of web-building spiders (Araneus diadematus, A. triguttatus, Cyclosa conica, Enoplognatha sp., Larinioides patagiatus, Neriene emphana); (3) the predominance of blood-feeding dipterans in the diet (Stomoxys calcitrans and Musca autumnalis). Since the populations of these two ectoparasitic flies are sensitive to the use of antiparasitic drugs, these drugs should be used with caution by farmers and veterinarians in the vicinity of maternity colonies

Comparison between two techniques to study habitat use by serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus): radiotracking and bat detectors used simultaneously

peer reviewedDuring the course of a study on the use of habitat by the common serotine bat in Belgium, we have had recourse to radiotracking and the prospecting with an ultrasonic detector. The results obtained with the two techniques used have been compared. The preferred habitats of the bats were found identical with the two techniques, with a preferece for leafy environments. However, the interpretation of the results affords different information depending on the technique adopted. We have thus compared the limits of each of the two techniques. In conclusion, the results obtained by radiotracking and with the ultrasonic detector are at the same time virtually the same but also complementary

Applying species distribution modelling for the conservation of the threatened saproxylic stag beetle (Lucanus cervus)

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Les forêts anciennes en Wallonie. 1ère partie : Concepts généraux

Au cours des siècles, la forêt wallonne a subi de profondes mutations qui marquent encore la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes forestiers actuels. Néanmoins, certaines forêts ont été relativement épargnées. Ces forêts, qualifiées de « forêts anciennes » en raison de la continuité temporelle de leur état forestier, s’avèrent d’un grand intérêt en matière de biodiversité, de naturalité de fonctionnement et de capacité d’adaptation aux changements globaux. Leur reconnaissance et leur identification sont utiles pour assurer une gestion responsable des territoires

Habitat use by the serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus in Belgium

peer reviewedThe radiotracking of 10 serotine bats during a period of 73 nights shows that the animals hunt mainly at forest edges and above meadows. The mean distance between the main diurnal roost and hunting grounds is 2.1 +/- 1.2 km (n = 24). Secondary diurnal roosts are used within a radius of 250 m of the main diurnal quarters. Nocturnal resting places are situated in beech forests (Fagus sylvatica) near feeding areas. The activity area (minumum area method) of radiotracked serotine bats, all originating from the same colony, stretches to 15.8 km²