A magyarországi polgári korszakbeli tudáselitek prozopográfiája = The Prosopographia of Knowledge Elites of the Pre-War Hungary

A program a hosszabb ideje folyó történeti tudáselit kutatás folytatása volt. Egyrészt kiegészítettük a két világháború közötti pozícionális tudáselit mintáját. A 142 új elittagra vonatkozóan kiterjedt levéltári és könyvészeti adatgyűjtést végeztünk. Így rögzítve van a pontosított tudáselit egészének életrajzi adatbázisa. Másrészt intenzíven foglalkoztunk a tudáselit magját képező egyetemi tanárok adatbázisának elkészítésével. A tervek szerinti séma alapján kiegészítve és ellenőrizve rögzítettük az 1848 és 1944 között működött 1044 magyarországi professzor életrajzi adattárát. Az adattári anyag elemzését, publikálásra való előkészítését felekezeti - kulturális alakzatok, szocio- és etnokulturális csoportok szerint végezzük. Erről több tanulmányunk jelent meg. Megjelenés előtt áll önálló kiadványként a zsidó és zsidó származású egyetemi tanárok adattára s 2013 folyamán kiadható két kötetben a protestáns egyetemi tanárok adattára is, elemző tanulmány kíséretében. Az elkészült adatbázis alapján elemezhető az egyetemi tanárok területi, társadalmi, vallási, etno- és szociokulturális származása, a tudástőke felhalmozódása, az életpályák típusai, a kiválasztás mechanizmusai, a kapcsolati hálók és a közéleti szerepvállalás. A rekrutációs változók sokfélesége lehetőséget ad arra is, hogy mikrotörténeti aspektusból elemezzük a társadalmasodási folyamatokat. | The project was a part of a long research of the knowledge elite. On the hand, we have completed the sample of positional knowledge elite between the two world wars. In archives and in libraries we’ve done an extended search for data of 142 new persons integrated into this elite sample. Thus, the refined data base of the biographies of knowledge elite has been fixed. On the other hand, we have intensively dealt with the preparation of the data base of university professors as the core of knowledge elite. We have checked, amended and recorded the data base of 1044 university professors’ biographies in Hungary between 1848 and 1944. The analysis of data base, the preparation of its publication has done in terms of denomination, culture, social position and ethnicity. We have published several studies on these issues. The edited data base of Jewish (by religion or by origin) university professors is already in print and we plan the publication of the data base of Protestant professors in two volumes in 2013, with an analytical study, as well. On the basis of the ready data base the origin of university professors can be analyzed in terms of geography, religion, social position and ethnicity; the accumulation of knowledge capital, types of carriers, the mechanism of selection, the networks and the public roles can be researched. The plurality in recruitment variables may provide prospect for analysis of societal process from a micro-historical point of view

Pandemic Boredom: Little Evidence That Lockdown-Related Boredom Affects Risky Public Health Behaviors Across 116 Countries

Some public officials have expressed concern that policies mandating collective public health behaviors (e.g., national/regional "lockdown ") may result in behavioral fatigue that ultimately renders such policies ineffective. Boredom, specifically, has been singled out as one potential risk factor for noncompliance. We examined whether there was empirical evidence to support this concern during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large cross-national sample of 63,336 community respondents from 116 countries. Although boredom was higher in countries with more COVID-19 cases and in countries that instituted more stringent lockdowns, such boredom did not predict longitudinal within-person decreases in social distancing behavior (or vice versa; n = 8,031) in early spring and summer of 2020. Overall, we found little evidence that changes in boredom predict individual public health behaviors (handwashing, staying home, self-quarantining, and avoiding crowds) over time, or that such behaviors had any reliable longitudinal effects on boredom itself. In summary, contrary to concerns, we found little evidence that boredom posed a public health risk during lockdown and quarantine

Lives versus Livelihoods? Perceived economic risk has a stronger association with support for COVID-19 preventive measures than perceived health risk

This paper examines whether compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures is motivated by wanting to save lives or save the economy (or both), and which implications this carries to fight the pandemic. National representative samples were collected from 24 countries (N = 25,435). The main predictors were (1) perceived risk to contract coronavirus, (2) perceived risk to suffer economic losses due to coronavirus, and (3) their interaction effect. Individual and country-level variables were added as covariates in multilevel regression models. We examined compliance with various preventive health behaviors and support for strict containment policies. Results show that perceived economic risk consistently predicted mitigation behavior and policy support—and its effects were positive. Perceived health risk had mixed effects. Only two significant interactions between health and economic risk were identified—both positive

Concern with COVID-19 pandemic threat and attitudes towards immigrants: The mediating effect of the desire for tightness

Tightening social norms is thought to be adaptive for dealing with collective threat yet it may have negative consequences for increasing prejudice. The present research investigated the role of desire for cultural tightness, triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, in increasing negative attitudes towards immigrants. We used participant-level data from 41 countries (N = 55,015) collected as part of the PsyCorona project, a crossnational longitudinal study on responses to COVID-19. Our predictions were tested through multilevel and SEM models, treating participants as nested within countries. Results showed that people’s concern with COVID19 threat was related to greater desire for tightness which, in turn, was linked to more negative attitudes towards immigrants. These findings were followed up with a longitudinal model (N = 2,349) which also showed that people’s heightened concern with COVID-19 in an earlier stage of the pandemic was associated with an increase in their desire for tightness and negative attitudes towards immigrants later in time. Our findings offer insight into the trade-offs that tightening social norms under collective threat has for human groups

Efeitos de retardadores de crescimento na frutificação da videira 'Niagara Rosada'

Studies were carried out to establish the effects of exogenous growth regulators on Vitis (labrusca x vinifera) 'Niagara Rosada' fruiting. The investigations were done in the Jundiaí Research Station, Agronomic Institute State of São Paulo, always using disease-free vineyards of good productivity. The morphological transformations of clusters were studied under the following aspects: weight, length and width of cluster; weight, length average and width average of berries: length average/width average ratio of berries; length and diameter of rachis; width of cluster minus berries; length and diameter of secondary rachis. The yield for the first half of the period from flowering to maturation was first determined. The same characteristics were determined at the time of maturity plus the number of berries, number of seeds, total sugars, total acid, Maturity Index and reducing sugars in samples of all treatments. The experiment was conducted in order to determine the doses that resulted in the most beneficial effects, always using applications by immersion of the inflorescence. In the experiment was realized applications of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and succinic aeid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) at concentrations of 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm; CCC 500 ppm plus SADH 500 ppm and nontreated, 5 days before flowering, in 1971. The concentrations of CCC applied before flowering did not affect favorably cluster morphology under the conditions of the experiment. Application of SADH at 250 ppm before flowering increased the cluster weight and length, berries number and weight, and seed number. In the first yield treatment of 1000 ppm of SADH increased the cluster weight and lenght, berry weight and rachis lenght.Estudou-se a influência da aplicação por imersão, de retardadores de crescimento (CCC e SADH), 5 dias antes do florescimento, nas características morfológicas da panícuia da videira Vitis (labrusca x vinifera) 'Niagara Rosada'. Neste ensaio verificou-se que as concentrações de CCC aplicadas em pré-florescimento, não afetaram favoravelmente a morfologia das panículas da cultivar estudada, nas condições do ensaio. SADH na dosagem de 1000 ppm provocou, na primeira colheita, aumento no peso e comprimento da panícula, no peso das bagas, e no comprimento da ráquis, proporcionando a formação desejada de uma panícula mais alongada, nas condições estudadas. Aplicação de SADH na concentração de 250 ppm em pré-florescimento, promoveu aumento no peso e comprimento da panícula, número e peso das bagas, além do inconveniente de elevar o número de sementes

Identifying important individual‐ and country‐level predictors of conspiracy theorizing: a machine learning analysis

Psychological research on the predictors of conspiracy theorizing—explaining important social and political events or circumstances as secret plots by malevolent groups—has flourished in recent years. However, research has typically examined only a small number of predictors in one, or a small number of, national contexts. Such approaches make it difficult to examine the relative importance of predictors, and risk overlooking some potentially relevant variables altogether. To overcome this limitation, the present study used machine learning to rank-order the importance of 115 individual- and country-level variables in predicting conspiracy theorizing. Data were collected from 56,072 respondents across 28 countries during the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Echoing previous findings, important predictors at the individual level included societal discontent, paranoia, and personal struggle. Contrary to prior research, important country-level predictors included indicators of political stability and effective government COVID response, which suggests that conspiracy theorizing may thrive in relatively well-functioning democracies