The C-terminal helix of ribosomal P stalk recognizes a hydropobic groove of elongation factor 2 in a novel fashion

Sherpa Romeo green journal. Open access article. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) appliesArchaea and eukaryotes have ribosomal P stalks composed of anchor protein P0 and aP1 homodimers (archaea) or P1•P2 heterodimers (eukaryotes). These P stalks recruit translational GTPases to the GTPase-associated center in ribosomes to provide energy during translation. The C-terminus of the P stalk is known to selectively recognize GTPases. Here we investigated the interaction between the P stalk and elongation factor 2 by determining the structures of P y ro c o c c u s h o r i ko s h i i EF-2 ( Pho EF2) in the Apo-form, GDP-form, GMPPCP-form (GTPform), and GMPPCP-form bound with 11 C-terminal residues of P1 (P1C11). Helical structured P1C11 binds to a hydrophobic groove between domain G and subdomain G of Pho EF-2, where is completely differentfromthatofaEF-1 in terms of both position and sequence, implying that such interaction characteristic may be requested by how GTPases perform their functions on the ribosome. Combining Pho EF2 P1-binding assays with a structural comparison of current Pho EF-2 structures and molecular dynamics model of a P1C11-bound GDP form, the conformational changes of the P1C11-binding groove in each form suggest that in response to the translation process, the groove has three states: closed, open, and release for recruiting and releasing GTPasesYe

平成28年度「T-GAP」実践報告

SGH事業の中心的課題は課題研究活動である。この授業では課題研究活動の基礎的素蓑である課題発見力および課題解決力の育成を目指した。あわせてSGH事業の対象地域としている「ASEAN」についで学ぶ時間を設定した。また本科目は本校総合学科教育の柱としての役割を担うものでもある。本年度の実践について報告する

Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

An overview on the physics of spinor and dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is given. Mean-field ground states, Bogoliubov spectra, and many-body ground and excited states of spinor BECs are discussed. Properties of spin-polarized dipolar BECs and those of spinor-dipolar BECs are reviewed. Some of the unique features of the vortices in spinor BECs such as fractional vortices and non-Abelian vortices are delineated. The symmetry of the order parameter is classified using group theory, and various topological excitations are investigated based on homotopy theory. Some of the more recent developments in a spinor BEC are discussed.Comment: To appear in Physics Reports. The PDF file with high resolution figures is available from the following website: http://cat.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/publication/review_of_spinorBEC.pd

平成29年度「卒業研究」実践報告

今年度の卒業研究はテーマ設定に関する時間を確保するために、2年次の「T-GAP」の内容に卒業研究の内容を含めて実施した。評価に関しては国際バカロレアの「課題論文」(EE)を参考にしつつ、生徒の実態に沿う形で評価規準を作り直して使用した。テーマ設定に時間をかけたころとなどにより、多くの先行研究を参考にし、主体的に課題を設定して卒業研究に取り組む姿が確認された

Dynamic Associations of Milk Components With the Infant Gut Microbiome and Fecal Metabolites in a Mother-Infant Model by Microbiome, NMR Metabolomic, and Time-Series Clustering Analyses

Background: The gut microbiome and fecal metabolites of breastfed infants changes during lactation, and are influenced by breast milk components. This study aimed to investigate dynamic associations of milk components with the infant gut microbiome and fecal metabolites throughout the lactation period in a mother-infant model.Methods: One month after delivery, breast milk and subsequent infant feces were collected in a pair for 5 months from a mother and an exclusively breastfed infant. Composition of the fecal microbiome was determined with 16S rRNA sequencing. Low-molecular-weight metabolites, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and antibacterial proteins were measured in feces and milk using H-1 NMR metabolomics and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The association of milk bioactive components with the infant gut microbiome and fecal metabolites was determined with Python clustering and correlation analyses.Results: The HMOs in milk did not fluctuate throughout the lactation period. However, they began to disappear in infant feces at the beginning of month 4. Notably, at this time-point, a bifidobacterium species switching (from B. breve to B. longum subsp. infantis) occurred, accompanied by fluctuations in several metabolites including acetate and butyrate in infant feces.Conclusions: Milk bioactive components, such as HMOs, might play different roles in the exclusively breastfed infants depending on the lactation period

Effectiveness of an Online Peer Gatekeeper Training Program for Postsecondary Students on Suicide Prevention in Japan: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundPostsecondary student suicide is one of Japan’s most severe public health problems. Gatekeeper training (GKT) programs are a generally recommended suicide prevention intervention in Japan. For suicide countermeasures, an online program tailored to students may enhance self-efficacy as a gatekeeper. ObjectiveThis study aims to describe a research protocol to investigate the effect of a newly developed internet-delivered online peer GKT program to improve postsecondary student self-efficacy as gatekeepers for suicide countermeasures in Japan. MethodsThis study is a 2-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 (intervention: waiting list) allocation. Participants (n=320) will be recruited, and those who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomly allocated to the intervention or waiting list control group. An approximately 85-minute, 6-section, internet-based gatekeeper program for postsecondary students has been developed that includes videos to help participants acquire skills as gatekeepers. The intervention group will complete the program within 10 days. The primary outcome, self-efficacy as a gatekeeper, is measured using the Gatekeeper Self-Efficacy Scale at baseline, immediately after taking the program, and 2 months after the survey after completing the program follow-up. To compare the primary outcomes, a t test, where the significance level is 5% (2-sided), will be used to test the intervention effect on an intention-to-treat basis. ResultsThe study was at the stage of data collection at the time of submission. We recruited participants for this study during August and September 2021, and data collection will continue until December 2021. The data analysis related to the primary outcome will start in December 2021, and we hope to publish the results in 2022 or 2023. ConclusionsThis is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of an online GKT program for postsecondary students to improve self-efficacy as a gatekeeper using a randomized controlled trial design. The study will explore the potential of an online peer gatekeeper program for postsecondary students that can be disseminated online to a large number of students with minimal cost. Trial RegistrationUniversity Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000045325; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000051685 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/3483