Study of maternal and foetal outcome in post-term pregnancies

Background: Post-term pregnancies are associated with significant foetal morbidity and increase in interventions which jeopardise the health of the fetus as well as the mother. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, maternal and foetal outcomes of such pregnancies.Methods: A retrospective study of 117 post-term pregnancies was studied over a period of one year, January to December 2016. Age, parity, amniotic fluid index, color of liquor, mode of delivery, maternal and foetal outcomes were studied in detail and analysed.Results: There were 10390 deliveries during our study period. 130 among them were post-term, 117 were included in the study, amounting to an incidence of 1.12%. Post-term pregnancy was noted to be higher in women of age group 21-25years (68.5%) and among primigravidae (51.2%). 66 women experienced vaginal delivery (56.4%) and 49 women underwent caesarean delivery (41.8%). Most common indications for caesarean section were foetal distress, oligohydramnios, and foetal growth restriction. NICU admissions were 16 babies and 2 early neonatal deaths were noted.Conclusions: Post-term pregnancy requires early detection, proper planning of pregnancy termination. These women should be offered induction of labour prior to 42 weeks of gestation age to avoid adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes

Physical properties of an Indian Ayurvedic medicine (<em>Shankh Bhasma</em>) as nano materials for its application

178-183The aim of present study is to describe Physical properties of an Indian Ayurvedic medicine (Shankh Bhasma) as nano materials for its applications. Shankh Bhasma has been synthesized by using method mentioned in an Ayurvedic text using conch shell and characterized by the modern scientific tools such as; X-ray diffractomter (XRD), Fourier Transform spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM).When we treated shankh bhasma on C. elegans and E. coli. C elegans produces more egg than normal calcium and there is no effect on E. coli. X-ray diffraction pattern and SEM analysis revealed that this Bhasma is in agglomerated nano crystalline materials and be considered as nanomedicine. An FTIR measurement reveals the bond stretching during the incineration process and found peaks of carboxylic group, Carbon with chloride and fluroide. Magnetization-Hysteresis (MH) loop study by the Vibrating sample magnetometer reveals that the di-magnetic nature of the Bhasma. Investigation of Shankh bhasma nanoparticles on C. elegen shows slightly increasing in egg production with compare to normal calcium oxide. There is not bacterial static effect was found on E.coli

Non-stationary stochastic inventory lot-sizing with emission and service level constraints in a carbon cap-and-trade system

Firms worldwide are taking major initiatives to reduce the carbon footprint of their supply chains in response to the growing governmental and consumer pressures. In real life, these supply chains face stochastic and non-stationary demand but most of the studies on inventory lot-sizing problem with emission concerns consider deterministic demand. In this paper, we study the inventory lot-sizing problem under non-stationary stochastic demand condition with emission and cycle service level constraints considering carbon cap-and-trade regulatory mechanism. Using a mixed integer linear programming model, this paper aims to investigate the effects of emission parameters, product- and system-related features on the supply chain performance through extensive computational experiments to cover general type business settings and not a specific scenario. Results show that cycle service level and demand coefficient of variation have significant impacts on total cost and emission irrespective of level of demand variability while the impact of product’s demand pattern is significant only at lower level of demand variability. Finally, results also show that increasing value of carbon price reduces total cost, total emission and total inventory and the scope of emission reduction by increasing carbon price is greater at higher levels of cycle service level and demand coefficient of variation.The analysis of results helps supply chain managers to take right decision in different demand and service level situations

How Farmers Benefit from Integration of EO, Meteorological, Positioning and Field Data in an Analytics Engine – The AGRI-GIS Example of S Odisha, India

Today, space-based EO data, meteorological observations and positioning information, integrated with ground data and maps, plays an important role in bringing logical decision-making, intelligence and wisdom in society - even at grass-root level. World over, society is generating, referencing, archiving and using vast amount of time-stamped geographically referenced data sets – enabling the development of integrated solutions that benefits individual citizens, societies, nations and humanity, in general. Because of this large amounts of spatial data availability the science of Spatial Analytics is becoming highly prevalent and relevant. &nbsp; The Centre for Spatial Analytics and Advanced GIS (C-SAG; www.csag.res.in) is developing an Agri-GIS - a suite of Spatial Analytics solutions based on EO images, meteorological data, Positioning data, various maps and different field data sets. The focus of the Agri-GIS is to address Smallholder Farmers – farm level aggregation and dis-aggregation of crop and socio-economic parameters; assess crop suitability of beneficiary land; assess crop-water model; help farmers on nutrition management; provide information on available production technologies, financing options, insurance options, access to inputs and market access etc. The strength of the C-SAG Agri-GIS model stems on a “single, common, standardized, integrated robust and reliable” multi-layered (about 304 parameters), spatially referenced and geo-tagged database – modelling for individual farmer's social, economic and natural resources queries. Out of the 304 parameters, space based inputs provide the critical 25% - mainly from near real-time EO images of various resolutions/receptivity and meteorological data. Another 20-30% of field observations are based on space-based Positioning - the rest are geo-tagged tables and records. Agri-GIS is developed in 613 villages of S Odisha in India and covers almost 80,000 farmers. &nbsp; This Agri-GIS is an end-to-end solution that combines ground-, space-based EO/meteorological/positioning data into a GIS model to address specific farmer requirements at bettering his crop production and yield and also his economic condition by increased income. The paper will address how assessment of farmer’s needs of information in the various farming communities in Odisha state was taken up, the chain of Spatial Analytics and the final deliverables of 5 Farmer Advisories in each crop season. The paper will also highlight the partnerships of C-SAG, Tata Trusts and the farming communities and how a good working relationships between various stakeholders have been developed for the projec

International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force Consensus Proposal: Outcome of therapeutic interventions in canine and feline epilepsy

Common criteria for the diagnosis of drug resistance and the assessment of outcome are needed urgently as a prerequisite for standardized evaluation and reporting of individual therapeutic responses in canine epilepsy. Thus, we provide a proposal for the definition of drug resistance and partial therapeutic success in canine patients with epilepsy. This consensus statement also suggests a list of factors and aspects of outcome, which should be considered in addition to the impact on seizures. Moreover, these expert recommendations discuss criteria which determine the validity and informative value of a therapeutic trial in an individual patient and also suggest the application of individual outcome criteria. Agreement on common guidelines does not only render a basis for future optimization of individual patient management, but is also a presupposition for the design and implementation of clinical studies with highly standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respective standardization will improve the comparability of findings from different studies and renders an improved basis for multicenter studies. Therefore, this proposal provides an in-depth discussion of the implications of outcome criteria for clinical studies. In particular ethical aspects and the different options for study design and application of individual patient-centered outcome criteria are considered

Non-stationary stochastic inventory lot-sizing with emission and service level constraints in a carbon cap-and-trade system

Firms worldwide are taking major initiatives to reduce the carbon footprint of their supply chains in response to the growing governmental and consumer pressures. In real life, these supply chains face stochastic and non-stationary demand but most of the studies on inventory lot-sizing problem with emission concerns consider deterministic demand. In this paper, we study the inventory lot-sizing problem under non-stationary stochastic demand condition with emission and cycle service level constraints considering carbon cap-and-trade regulatory mechanism. Using a mixed integer linear programming model, this paper aims to investigate the effects of emission parameters, product- and system-related features on the supply chain performance through extensive computational experiments to cover general type business settings and not a specific scenario. Results show that cycle service level and demand coefficient of variation have significant impacts on total cost and emission irrespective of level of demand variability while the impact of product's demand pattern is significant only at lower level of demand variability. Finally, results also show that increasing value of carbon price reduces total cost, total emission and total inventory and the scope of emission reduction by increasing carbon price is greater at higher levels of cycle service level and demand coefficient of variation. The analysis of results helps supply chain managers to take right decision in different demand and service level situations

Influence of oral beclomethasone dipropionate on early non-infectious pulmonary outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: results from two randomized trials.

Early non-infectious pulmonary complications represent a significant cause of mortality after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We tested the hypothesis that oral beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) is effective for preventing early non-infectious pulmonary complications after allogeneic HCT. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 120 patients, 60 in each treatment arm, to identify non-infectious and infectious pulmonary events and pulmonary function test results from all patients who participated in two randomized trials of oral BDP for treatment of acute gastrointestinal GVHD. 17-Beclomethasone monopropionate (17-BMP), the active metabolite of BDP, was evaluated in blood from the right atrium in four patients. Thirty-three of 42 (79%) placebo-treated patients experienced a decrease of the DL(CO) from pretransplant to day 80 after transplant, compared with 27 of 49 (55%) BDP-treated patients (P=0.02). In the first 200 days after randomization, there were no cases of non-infectious pulmonary complications in BDP-treated patients, vs four cases among placebo-treated patients (P=0.04). Levels of 17-BMP were detected in atrial blood at steady state. Delivery of a potent glucocorticoid such as 17-BMP to the pulmonary artery after oral dosing of BDP may be useful in modulating pulmonary inflammation and preventing the development of non-infectious pulmonary complications after allogeneic HCT.Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 29 June 2009; doi:10.1038/bmt.2009.129

Marine Dynamics and Productivity in the Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal provides important ecosystem services to the Bangladesh delta. It is also subject to the consequences of climate change as monsoon atmospheric circulation and fresh water input from the major rivers are the dominating influences. Changes in marine circulation will affect patterns of biological production through alterations in the supply of nutrients to photosynthesising plankton. Productivity in the northern Bay will also be sensitive to changes in riverborne nutrients. In turn, these changes could influence potential fish catch. The Bay also affects the physical environment of Bangladesh: relative sea-level rise is expected to be in the range of 0.5–1.7 m by 2100, and changing climate could affect the development of tropical cyclones over the Bay

Multiplicities of charged pions and unidentified charged hadrons from deep-inelastic scattering of muons off an isoscalar target

Multiplicities of charged pions and unidentified hadrons produced in deep-inelastic scattering were measured in bins of the Bjorken scaling variable $x$, the relative virtual-photon energy $y$ and the relative hadron energy $z$. Data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration using a 160 GeV muon beam and an isoscalar target ($^6$LiD). They cover the kinematic domain in the photon virtuality $Q^2$ > 1(GeV/c$)^2$, $0.004 < x < 0.4$, $0.2 < z < 0.85$ and $0.1 < y < 0.7$. In addition, a leading-order pQCD analysis was performed using the pion multiplicity results to extract quark fragmentation functions