Pencegahan Tindak Prostitusi Berbasis Masyarakat Adat Dalihan Na Tolu

It\u27s way before the decree of prostitution and pornography enforced in Indonesia, the Dalihan na Tolu customs had their own regulation in preventing prostitution phenomenon. Dalihan na Tolu consist of 3 elements as it is understood as three poles in traditional burning-stove which cooperating to each other, this is also applied to prostitution prevention. In every prevention of these prostitution practices, they lean on the philosophy of :”Somba mar Mora, Elek mar Anak Boru, Manat-manat mar Kahanggi”. Dalihan na Tolu custom has a principles that one cannot speak careless words or act in imprudent behaviour in front of the public.INTISARIJauh sebelum lahirnya undang-undang tentang prostitusi dan pornografi di Indonesia, ternyata masyarakat adat Dalihan na Tolu telah memiliki aturan tersendiri dalam melakukan pencegahan tindak prostitusi. Masyarakat adat Dalihan na Tolu terdiri dari 3 unsur layaknya seperti tiga tungku yang saling bekerjasama dalam berbagai hal, termasuk dalam pencegahan tindak prostitusi. Dalam setiap pencegahan praktek prostitusi, mereka berpatokan pada filosofi:”Somba mar Mora, Elek mar Anak Boru, Manat-manat mar Kahanggi”. Masyarakat adat Dalihan na Tolu menganut prinsip bahwa seseorang tidak akan sembarangan bicara, apalagi bertindak sembrono di hadapan orang lain, karena masing-masing mengerti tentang hubungan kekerabatan satu dengan lainnya

Low-level laser therapy versus local steroid injection in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome: a single blind randomized comparative trial

The objective of this study was to compare corticosteroid injection with low-level laser therapy for the short-term treatment of mild or moderate idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Single blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from May 2010 to October 2010 in outpatient clinic and research center at a university hospital. Thirty-eight patients (female to male ratio was 5.3 to 1) with a new episode of carpal tunnel syndrome of mild or moderate severity participated in this study. Corticosteroid injection and low level laser therapy were used as the interventions. Primary outcome measure was the severity of the disease. Based on the electrophysiological findings, we proposed three grades: mild, moderate and severe. Visual analogue scores were used to measure subjective severity of pain. We measured median distal motor and sensory latencies. All participants were followed for two months. Analyses showed favorable outcomes in both groups in terms of visual analogue scores and median distal motor and sensory latencies (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Electrophysiologic studies did not imply any significant difference in the severity (Chi-squared test p = 0.28), and change in the grade of the disease between the two groups. Also there was no significant difference between the groups in mean visual analogue scores (Mann-Whitney test p = 0.45), median motor distal latency (Mann- Whitney test p = 0.08), and sensory distal latency (Mann-Whitney test p = 0.70), 8 weeks after the treatments. Both corticosteroid and laser are advantageous in the short-term treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome and provide satisfactory pain relief, electrophysiological improvement, and are well tolerated by patients.Keywords: Carpal tunnel syndrome; Low level laser; Corticosteroid; Median nerve; Electrophysiologic studies; Peripheral compression neuropathy; Randomized clinical trial; Hydrocortison

XMM−NewtonXMM-Newton Ω\Omega project: III. Gas mass fraction shape in high redshift clusters

We study the gas mass fraction, $f\_{\rm gas},$ behavior in $XMM-Newton$ $\Omega$ project. The typical $f\_{\rm gas}$ shape of high redshift galaxy clusters follows the global shape inferred at low redshift quite well. This result is consistent with the gravitational instability picture leading to self similar structures for both the dark and baryonic matter. However, the mean $f\_{\rm gas} in distant clusters shows some differences to local ones, indicating a departure from strict scaling. This result is consistent with the observed evolution in the luminosity-temperature relation. We quantitatively investigate this departure from scaling laws. Within the local sample we used, a moderate but clear variation of the amplitude of the gas mass fraction with temperature is found, a trend that weakens in the outer regions. These variations do not explain departure from scaling laws of our distant clusters. An important implication of our results is that the gas fraction evolution, a test of the cosmological parameters, can lead to biased values when applied at radii smaller than the virial radius. From our$XMM$ clusters, the apparent gas fraction at the virial radius is consistent with a non-evolving universal value in a high matter density model and not with a concordance.Comment: Accepted, A&A, in pres

Liquefaction Case Histories from 1990 Manjil, Iran, Earthquake

The Manjil, Iran, earthquake caused extensive liquefaction and liquefaction-induced damage to residential, commercial and public structures. This paper presents liquefaction case histories as well as the results from our analysis of the data. Based on the field observations made in Iran, liquefaction strength of clean sands for Ms=7.7 is established. The resulting liquefaction resistance versus density relationship is compared with the results published by Seed et al. (1983)

‘Pulsing’ cities and ‘swarming’ metropolises: A simplified, entropy-based approach to long-term urban development

Relocating activities along the fringe, re-designing economic functions, and re-modelling settlement structures across larger regions and broader spatial scales, reflect the inherent shift toward complex metropolitan systems. A refined understanding of urban change requires the adoption of a ‘complex thinking’ that focuses on adaptive behaviour of key agents and local development networks within highly volatile real estate markets. By linking ecology with regional science, our study investigates speed and spatial direction of building activity rates introducing original indicators of urban growth and an exploratory multivariate statistics of the evolving socioeconomic context in the Athens’ region, Greece. Having experienced spatially uncoordinated growth that often resulted in self-organised settlements and socially diversified neighbourhoods, Athens was a paradigmatic example of complex metropolitan systems in Europe. The empirical findings of our study identify non-linear stages of the metropolitan cycle supporting the assumption that long-term urban expansion is a recursive process, with irregular accelerations and decelerations, and a complex relationship between spatial and temporal dimensions. Urban transformations are associated with a broad spectrum of socioeconomic conditions. While playing a variable role over the last century, the most relevant factors in Athens’ growth include population dynamics, urban concentration, and wealth accumulation. Considering such dynamics, spatial planning is required to give adaptive responses to discontinuous socioeconomic development increasingly dependent on territorial aspects and environmental constraints

Interaction of palmitic acid with losartan potassium at the binding sites of bovine serum albumin

The binding of losartan potassium, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, to bovine serum albumin was studied by equilibrium dialysis method (ED) in presence or absence of palmitic acid. The study was carried out using ranitidine and diazepam as site-1 and site-2 specific probe, respectively. Different analysis of binding of losartan to bovine serum albumin suggested two sets of association constants: high affinity association constant (k1 = 11.2 x 105 M-1) with low capacity (n1 = 2) and low affinity association (k2 = 2. 63 x 105 M-1) constant with high capacity (n2 = 10) at pH 7.4 and 27°C. During concurrent administration of palmitic acid and losartan potassium in presence or absence of ranitidine or diazepam, it was that found that palmitic acid causes the release of losartan potassium from its binding site on BSA resulting reduced binding of losartan potassium to BSA. The increment in free fraction of losartan potassium was from 13.1% to 47.2 % upon the addition of increased concentration of only palmitic acid at a concentration of 0 x 10-5 M to 16 x 10-5 M. In presence of ranitidine or diazepam as site specific probes, palmitic acid further increases the free fraction of losartan potassium were from 22.8% to 53.4% and 35.3 to 65.5%, respectively. This data provided the evidence of interaction of higher concentration of palmitic acid at the binding sites on BSA changing the pharmacokinetics properties of losartan potassium

Innovative Tidal Control Successfully Promotes Saltmarsh Restoration

The reduction of saltmarsh habitat at a global scale has seen a concomitant loss of associated ecosystem services. As such, there is a need and a push for habitat rehabilitation. This study examined an innovative saltmarsh restoration project in Australia which sought to address the threats of mangrove encroachment and sea level rise. The project was implemented in 2017, using automated hydraulic control gates, termed“SmartGates,”to lower the tidal regime over one site, effectively reversing sea level rise at a local level. Measured indicators of saltmarsh cover, number of species, seedling counts, and saltmarsh assemblages all showed significant positive development over time, with trends varying based on saltmarsh zone. The saltmarsh, predominantly Sarcocornia quinque flora, developed from remnant supralittoral (previously high) marsh which remained at 45% cover to achieve over 15% coverage across the cleared habitat after 3 years. Slower development in the low marsh (\u3c5%) compared to other zones contrasts with other saltmarsh restoration studies which may be due to the unique nature of the restoration method or the nature of Australian saltmarsh species which favor higher elevations and drier conditions. The development of saltmarsh at the treatment site was found to track toward that at comparison sites over time, becoming similar to some comparison sites by the studies end. This study highlights the usefulness of the novel restoration method used and of the measured indicators for assessing saltmarsh development. This innovative tidal control method could play an important role in the future of saltmarsh restoration worldwide

The XMM-Newton Ω\Omega Project

The abundance of high-redshift galaxy clusters depends sensitively on the matter density \OmM and, to a lesser extent, on the cosmological constant $\Lambda$. Measurements of this abundance therefore constrain these fundamental cosmological parameters, and in a manner independent and complementary to other methods, such as observations of the cosmic microwave background and distance measurements. Cluster abundance is best measured by the X-ray temperature function, as opposed to luminosity, because temperature and mass are tightly correlated, as demonstrated by numerical simulations. Taking advantage of the sensitivity of XMM-Newton, our Guaranteed Time program aims at measuring the temperature of the highest redshift (z>0.4) SHARC clusters, with the ultimate goal of constraining both \OmM and $\Lambda$.Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of the XXI Moriond Conference: Galaxy Clusters and the High Redshift Universe Observed in X-rays, edited by D. Neumann, F. Durret, & J. Tran Thanh Va

The Age-Redshift Relation for Standard Cosmology

We present compact, analytic expressions for the age-redshift relation $\tau(z)$ for standard Friedmann-Lema\^ \itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology. The new expressions are given in terms of incomplete Legendre elliptic integrals and evaluate much faster than by direct numerical integration.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure