Interkultúrne špecifiká komunikácie v organizácii

This Bachelor thesis deals with the differences in the proceedings of individuals in an intercultural area, in order to specify the key knowledge, which illustrates the set of problems in communication of two cultures within one organisation. The theoretical part is based on the knowledge of intercultural communication and intercultural psychology. The theoretical part is structured into three parts, where each part is systematically focused on explanation and interpretation of theoretical knowledge in favour of the keyword phrase of the selected topic. The first part primarily deals with the matter of intercultural communication, cross-cultural barriers of communication and the meaning of intercultural communication in working environment itself. The second part of the thesis compares the cultural differences between the Czech and German society, related to the cultural dimensions and standards which are based on the researches of Geert Hofstede and Nový, Schroll-Machl. The third passage of the theoretical part deals with the intercultural competence and the intercultural training methods. The practical part includes interpretations of results of interviews, which were implemented in cooperation with German and Czech doctors in a German clinic. This Bachelor thesis is therefore focused on detecting the way of thinking and the perceptions, and the identification of problems between the Czech and German workers in a common working environment as well

Podoby zobrazenia Turka a tureckých reálií v slovenskej literatúre 16. a 17. storočia

This article deals with the literary portrayal of a turk as a hero and with the thematization of turkish battles and turkish life in Slovak literature of the 16th and 17th century. We will examine genres of Latin humanistic poetry such as hodoeporicon, epigrams, civic-political compositions (including works of a Czech exile Jakub Jakobeus); historical poetry in its developmental transformations with a reflection of the Czech press about the Battle of Mohács; and Baroque memoir prose (Štefan Pilárik senior). The picture of a Turk is rather prevailingly a picture of an enemy, a cruel murderer or a traitor; in a religious poetry depictions of horrible deeds of Turks are as a "Turkish scourge" connected with the traditional scourges of famine and plague and with appeals to do penance.This article deals with the literary portrayal of a turk as a hero and with the thematization of turkish battles and turkish life in Slovak literature of the 16th and 17th century. We will examine genres of Latin humanistic poetry such as hodoeporicon, epigrams, civic-political compositions (including works of a Czech exile Jakub Jakobeus); historical poetry in its developmental transformations with a reflection of the Czech press about the Battle of Mohács; and Baroque memoir prose (Štefan Pilárik senior). The picture of a Turk is rather prevailingly a picture of an enemy, a cruel murderer or a traitor; in a religious poetry depictions of horrible deeds of Turks are as a "Turkish scourge" connected with the traditional scourges of famine and plague and with appeals to do penance

Latinská humanistická literatúra v 16. storočí na Slovensku a jej vzťah k českému kontextu (Martin Rakovský a Juraj Koppay)

The study is focused on authors from the 16th century, namely Martin Rakovsky and Juraj Koppay and scrutinizes the relationship of their work with the context of Czech literature and culture of the time. The author also presents the ways in which the Slovak authors became known for the wider cultural, academic and literary public in Bohemia and Moravia. The study shows that the Czech cultural and literary environment played an important role in the life and creative practice of Slovak humanists, they managed to successfully merge with the Czech environment and for many of them Bohemia became the second homeland.The study is focused on authors from the 16th century, namely Martin Rakovsky and Juraj Koppay and scrutinizes the relationship of their work with the context of Czech literature and culture of the time. The author also presents the ways in which the Slovak authors became known for the wider cultural, academic and literary public in Bohemia and Moravia. The study shows that the Czech cultural and literary environment played an important role in the life and creative practice of Slovak humanists, they managed to successfully merge with the Czech environment and for many of them Bohemia became the second homeland

Galactoglucomannans Increase Cell Population Density and Alter the Protoxylem/Metaxylem Tracheary Element Ratio in Xylogenic Cultures of Zinnia

Xylogenic cultures of zinnia (Zinnia elegans) provide a unique opportunity to study signaling pathways of tracheary element (TE) differentiation. In vitro TEs differentiate into either protoxylem (PX)-like TEs characterized by annular/helical secondary wall thickening or metaxylem (MX)-like TEs with reticulate/scalariform/pitted thickening. The factors that determine these different cell fates are largely unknown. We show here that supplementing zinnia cultures with exogenous galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) derived from spruce (Picea abies) xylem had two major effects: an increase in cell population density and a decrease in the ratio of PX to MX TEs. In an attempt to link these two effects, the consequence of the plane of cell division on PX-MX differentiation was assessed. Although GGMOs did not affect the plane of cell division per se, they significantly increased the proportion of longitudinally divided cells differentiating into MX. To test the biological significance of these findings, we have determined the presence of mannan-containing oligosaccharides in zinnia cultures in vitro. Immunoblot assays indicated that β-1,4-mannosyl epitopes accumulate specifically in TE-inductive media. These epitopes were homogeneously distributed within the thickened secondary walls of TEs when the primary cell wall was weakly labeled. Using polysaccharide analysis carbohydrate gel electrophoresis, glucomannans were specifically detected in cell walls of differentiating zinnia cultures. Finally, zinnia macroarrays probed with cDNAs from cells cultured in the presence or absence of GGMOs indicated that significantly more genes were down-regulated rather than up-regulated by GGMOs. This study constitutes a major step in the elucidation of signaling mechanisms of PX- and MX-specific genetic programs in zinnia