Spin-state studies with XES and RIXS: From static to ultrafast

We report on extending hard X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) along with resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) to study ultrafast phenomena in a pump-probe scheme at MHz repetition rates. The investigated systems include low-spin (LS) Fe-II complex compounds, where optical pulses induce a spin-state transition to their (sub)nanosecond-lived high-spin (HS) state. Time-resolved XES clearly reflects the spin-state variations with very high signal-to-noise ratio, in agreement with HS-LS difference spectra measured at thermal spin crossover, and reference HS-LS systems in static experiments, next to multiplet calculations. The 1s2p RIXS, measured at the Fe Is pre-edge region, shows variations after laser excitation, which are consistent with the formation of the HS state. Our results demonstrate that X-ray spectroscopy experiments with overall rather weak signals, such as RIXS, can now be reliably exploited to study chemical and physical transformations on ultrafast time scales. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Firmness classification of tomato by mechanical nondestructive impact technique [Mekanik hasarsız Çarpma tekniğiyle domatesin sertliğine göre sınıflandırılması]

In this study, firmness classification of tomato was aimed by using mechanical nondestructive impact technique. Bandita F1 tomato variety was used during the tests. In the nondestructive impact measurements done by lateral impactor with low impact energy, impact acceleration and contact time were sensed by an accelerometer attached on impact head, and main impact parameters (maximum impact acceleration, time required to reach maximum acceleration and contact time) were extracted from the curve. Other impact parameters were derived from the main impact parameters and theory of elasticity. These nondestructive impact parameters were compared with destructive reference parameters. Forcedeformation ratio at rupture point was used in the measurements of destructive reference parameter and this was expressed to be tomato firmness. Cluster analysis was used for firmness groups of tomatoes. Furthermore, linear discriminating analysis was used to find an optimum linear combination of the impact parameters that minimizes the probability of misclassifying tomatoes into their respective groups for firmness classification procedure of tomatoes. The accuracy of classification was improved with linear discriminating analysis, and the number of parameters being processed was reduced with stepwise regression analysis. Statistical analysis showed that the correlations between destructive reference and nondestructive impact parameters were significant. According to the results of linear discriminating analysis, accuracy of the best classification for main impact parameter approach and all ten impact parameters approach was found to be 77.27% and 81.82%, respectively. Furthermore, linear discriminating analysis results for three most important impact parameters obtained with stepwise regression analysis showed that accuracy of the best classification of tomatoes was improved to 82.96%. As a result, mechanical nondestructive test device tested in static conditions gave high accuracy of classification for tomato. This performance shows that mechanical nondestructive impact technique could be used for real-time firmness classification of tomatoes in the electronic sorting line. © Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi

Angular dependence of Lα/ Lι, Lα/ Lβ, Lα/ Lγ, Lβ/ Lγ intensity ratios of Tl and Au at 59.5 keV

The angular dependence of Lα/Lι, Lα/Lβ, Lα/Lγ, Lβ/Lγ intensity ratios of Tl and Au were investigated at 59.5 keV by measuring the L x-ray peaks at different angles. The vacancies were created by 59.5 keV γ rays from an 241Am source and L x-rays were measured using a Si(Li) detector. It is found that the Lγ and Lβ groups of L x-rays are isotropic, the Lι and Lα groups are anisotropic in the spatial distribution. We compared our results with theoretical values. © TÜBİTAK

A hybrid approach of data envelopment analysis based grey relational analysis: A study on egg yield

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of conditions of both feeding and the climate in poultry house on production performance in a commercial poultry enterprise with a hybrid approach. In accordance with this purpose, the hybrid approach has two main objectives: i) Determination of the effective period for which the output factors [(chicken survival rate (%), egg yield (%)] are optimized at the same time and the appropriate value ranges for the input factors [temperature (oC), humidity (%) and feed per hen (g)] that provide effectiveness ii) Determination of targeted improvement values for the ineffective months to become effective. With this hybrid approach, which is based on the integration of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), the effective months are determined by DEA method and a performance rank is performed between the effective months by GRA method. It has been investigated whether the results of different Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques combined with the data fusion technique support the proposed hybrid approach’s results. In this context, the proposed hybrid approach was applied to evaluate the monthly production performance of a commercial enterprise with Lohman Brown genus 8000 chickens. According to the findings of the analysis, it was seen that January, March, October, November and December are the months when production performance is high. When these months were ranked among themselves, it was observed that January, March and November are the first three ranks, respectively, and that the rank was also supported by the combined results of different techniques. As a result, in terms of production performance for the enterprise, it can be said that the optimum temperature is 20.25°C-26.41°C, humidity ratio is 47.60%-54.25%, and feed amount per hen is 98-128 g. Copyright 2019 Zoological Society of Pakistan

Anisotropy of L-shell X-rays in Au and Hg excited by 59.5 keV photons

The anisotropy of emission intensity of L-shell X-rays induced by 59.5 keV photons in Au and Hg was investigated at different angles varying from 45° to 135°. It is observed that Ll and Lα X-rays (originating from J=3/2) are anisotropic, Lβ and Lγ X-rays (originating from J=1/2, commonly) are isotropic. © 1995 Società Italiana di Fisica

Determination of the effect of somatic cell count on udder measurements and subclinical mastitis with data mining method

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of somatic cell count (SCC) on udder measurements and subclinical mastitis in Holstein cows by data mining method. In the study, the udder measurements and the SCC values of milk samples taken monthly from 79 Holstein cows were used. The Bayesian Net, Decision Table and Nearest Neighbors algorithms were used in the classification of the udder measurements, and model validation is determined by the simple validation method. In the study, it has been found that the best classification model was formed according to the Nearest Neighbors algorithm with the accuracy rate of 97.95% [Root Mean Square Error (RMSE):0.07, Mean Absolute Error (MAE):0.01, Root Relative Squared Error- RRSE (%):22.20, Relative Absolute Error -RAE (%): 5.78, Kappa statistic: 0.95]. The effect of udder measurements on subclinical mastitis was found significant for the front teat length (FTL), the distance between rear teats (DBRT), the distance between side teats (DBST), the rear teat height (RTH) (P<0.01) and the rear teat diameter (RTD) (P<0.05). © 2015 PVJ