An investigation on the ability of Nanofibrillated cellulose to enhance the environmental sustainability of paper product manufacture

There are a number of products which are manufactured at a very large scale globally which are both energy and materials use intensive. In the case of paper and board manufacture, paper pulp (a mixture of cellulose, water and additives such as TiO2) require large quantities of cellulose, principally from trees and plant sources with the corresponding addition addition and removal of water by mechanical or thermal means.The objective of the study was to investigate the potential benefit if using a nanofibrillated form of cellulose (NFC) to reduce the total paper pulp quantities used while retaining paper mechanical and printing performance of the paper stock produced

1972-04-03 Doran Welcomes Kentucky Academy of Science

The welcome ceremony for a lecture to the Kentucky Academy of Sciences, Adron Doran introduces president emeritus of the University of Michigan Harlan Hatcher, who then introduces Justin W. Leonard, of the Michigan State School on natural resources, recorded on April 3, 1972

Development of Frostbite in the Fingers

Physiologically, frostbite can only occur after a segment of tissue has been exposed to the elements for sufficient time such that the tissue temperature remains constant at 0 ?C and the solutions inside the tissue itself begin to form ice crystals and freeze. We will be exploring the time necessary for the development of each of the four degrees of frostbite as a function of the weather conditions , which will be represented by a reference temperature and a heat transfer coefficient (hc) based on the wind velocity. Additionally, we will also give consideration to two different insulation scenarios (bare finger versus gloved fingered) in order to determine the optimal type of insulation for different weather conditions. Our results, in the format of individual contour plots for selected temperatures and each of the insulation scenarios will provide insight into the relative danger of frostbite development and determine exactly what portions of the finger are most at risk

A Comprehensive Study of the 4th & 5th Avenue Corridor from SW Market Street to I-405 in Downtown Portland

These words speak to the condition of the blocks bounded by SW 4th and SW 5th Avenues, I-405 and Market Street in the south end of Downtown Portland, Oregon. Yet, this corridor holds the potential for knitting the east boundary of Portland State University with the South Auditorium Urban Renewal Area, providing critical east-west linkages between the campus and the waterfront, and accommodating a confluence of current and planned transit lines. These blocks contain the development energy to build upon existing and evolving pulse points , initiate activity areas that would add to the vitality and variety of the University District, and provide a unique gateway for the Central City and downtown Portland. This project was conducted under the supervision of Donald J. Stastny and Edward Starkie

Development of a macrophage-based nanoparticle platform for antiretroviral drug delivery

Complex dosing regimens, costs, side effects, biodistribution limitations, and variable drug pharmacokinetic patterns have affected the long-term efficacy of antiretroviral medicines. To address these problems, a nanoparticle indinavir (NP-IDV) formulation packaged into carrier bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) was developed. Drug distribution and disease outcomes were assessed in immune-competent and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected humanized immune-deficient mice, respectively. In the former, NP-IDV formulation contained within BMMs was adoptively transferred. After a single administration, single-photon emission computed tomography, histology, and reverse-phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) demonstrated robust lung, liver, and spleen BMMs and drug distribution. Tissue and sera IDV levels were greater than or equal to 50 μM for 2 weeks. NP-IDV-BMMs administered to HIV-1-challenged humanized mice revealed reduced numbers of virus-infected cells in plasma, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and lung, as well as, CD4+ T-cell protection. We conclude that a single dose of NP-IDV, using BMMs as a carrier, is effective and warrants consideration for human testing