Anàlisi de la concentració de lactat en gimnastes. Pautes d’actuació en referència a la pausa interexercicis i la ingesta postentrenament

Es valora la importància del temps de recuperació entre rutines així com la ingesta postentrenament per afavorir els processos de recuperació entre dues sessions d’entrenament, tot analitzant, per fer-ho, la importància que té la glicòlisi anaeròbica en l’obtenció d’energia, dintre de les activitats desenvolupades en l’entrenament d’aquests gimnastes. Es van analitzar els valors mitjans de lactat obtinguts en 4 gimnastes barons de 17,75 ± 0,5 anys,  després dels dos minuts de recuperació que seguien a la realització de cadascuna de les tres sèries d’exercicis de competició en tres aparells (anelles, terra i  paral·leles), separats entre ells 8 minuts, i també dues mostres de lactat després de 5 i 10 minuts de la finalització de l’última sèrie. Els resultats mostren que s’obtenen valors mitjans de lactat que oscil·len entre els 6,8 i els 9,9 mmol/l durant els 35 minuts que dura el tractament en cada aparell. Es conclou que la participació de les vies anaeròbiques resulta molt important en la gènesi energètica, per la qual cosa la durada i l’activitat realitzada durant la pausa, junt amb la determinada ingesta d’alguns nutrients immediatament després de finalitzar la sessió d’entrenament, afavoreixen una resíntesi més ràpida de determinats substrats energètics desgastats durant l’exercici i accelera la recuperació entre les diferents sèries i entre sessions d’entrenament, la qual cosa possibilita un major potencial de rendiment

Análisis de la concentración de lactato en gimnastas. Pautas de actuación en referencia a la pausa interejercicios y la ingesta post-entrenamiento

Se valora la importancia del tiempo de recuperación entre rutinas así como la ingesta post-entrenamiento para favorecer los procesos de recuperación entre dos sesiones de entrenamiento, analizando para ello la importancia que posee la glucólisis anaeróbica en la obtención de energía dentro de las actividades desarrolladas en el entrenamiento de estos gimnastas. Se analizaron los valores medios de lactato obtenidos en 4 gimnastas varones de 17,75 ± 0,5 años, tras los dos minutos de recuperación que seguían a la realización de cada una de las tres series de ejercicios de competición en tres aparatos (anillas, suelo y paralelas), separados entre sí 8 minutos junto a dos muestras de lactato tras 5 y 10 minutos de la finalización de la última serie. Los resultados muestran que se obtienen valores medios de lactato que oscilan entre los 6,8 y los 9,9 mmol/l durante los 35 minutos que dura el tratamiento en cada aparato. Se concluye que la participación de las vías anaeróbicas resultan muy importantes en la génesis energética, por lo que la duración y actividad realizada durante la pausa junto a la determinada ingesta de algunos nutrientes inmediatamente después de finalizar la sesión de entrenamiento favorecen una resíntesis más rápida de determinados sustratos energéticos desgastados durante el mismo, acelerando la recuperación las diferentes series y entre sesiones de entrenamiento, posibilitando con ello un mayor potencial de rendimiento

Relación entre test físicos específicos y rendimiento en gimnastas de elite

ResumenSe analizó la relación entre test físicos y rendimiento en Barras Paralelas (BP), Barra Fija (BF) y Caballo con Arcos (CA) en diez gimnastas varones de alto nivel. Se estimó la potencia media relativa al trepar 5m una cuerda (T5), la fuerza relativa al realizar máximas repeticiones de olímpicos desde escuadra (MRO), la flexibilidad activa (A) y pasiva (P) de flexión cadera (2A y 2P), y su abducción desde flexión a 90º (3A y 3P) y el rendimiento competitivo mediante el promedio de las notas finales (NF) en dos competiciones consecutivas. Existen relaciones significativas entre MRO con BP (r = 0,825; pAbstractWe analyzed the relationship between physical-test with the performance in Parallel Bar (BP), High Bar (BF) and Pommel Horse (CA) in ten elite gymnasts. The average power expressed on rope climbing 5m (T5) and the relative strength when performing maximum repetitions of L-support pike press to handstand (MRO) was estimated, the active (A) and passive (P) hip flexibility (2A and 2P), and his abduction from 90º hip-flexion (3A and 3P) and the competitive performance by averaging Final Score (NF) in two consecutive competitions. Significant relationships show between MRO with BP (r = 0.825; p doi:10.5232/ricyde2011.0220

Historia de la danza contemporánea en España

Compilación histórica de la danza hasta llegar a España y su desarrollo desde las danzas primitivas hasta la danza contemporánea

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Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue conocer los efectos de dos programas de entrenamiento sobre la fuerza  muscular, la glicemia y la presión arterial en adultos mayores. Material y método: se estudiaron dos grupos, Grupo Experimental Uno (G1) (n=11) con entrenamiento de fuerza muscular contra resistencia y Grupo  Experimental Dos (G2) (n=20) con entrenamiento aeróbico basado en caminatas. Se evaluó la presión arterial (PA), la glucemia y la Fuerza Máxima estimada indirectamente con en un test de máximas repeticiones en los  siguientes ejercicios: Prensa Sentado (PS), Press de Banca (PB) y Extensiones de Rodilla (ER). Se midieron  todas las variables al inicio y al final del programa de entrenamiento. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos  evidenciaron un mayor aumento de la fuerza en el G1; en PB (p<0,001), ER (p<0,001) y PS (p<0,05), mientras  que el G2 no se registraron diferencias. En el G1, la PA sistólica pos-programa, disminuyó significativamente  (p<0,001), mientras que en el G2 no se produjeron cambios. La glicemia intrasesión disminuyó  significativamente en ambos grupos. El programa de fuerza muscular indujo mayores aumentos en la fuerza  muscular y disminuyó más la Presión Arterial Sistólica que el entrenamiento aeróbico.Objective: the aim of the study was to know the effects of two training programs on muscular strength,  glycemia and blood pressure in the elderly. Material and Method: two groups were studied, Experimental  Group 1, (G1) (n 11) with training in muscle strength against resistance, and Experimental Group Two (G2)  (n=20) with aerobic training based on walking. Blood pressure (BP) was evaluated, and glycemia and  estimated Maximum Strength were indirectly estimated with a maximum repetitions test in the following  exercises: Leg Press (LP), Bench Press (BP), and Knee Extension (KE). Al variables at the beginning and the  end of the training program were measured.Results: the results obtained showed a higher increase in the  strength in G1; in BP (p<0,001), KE (p<0,001) y PL (p<0,05): while in G2 there were no changes. In G1 the post- program systolic BP decreased significantly (p<0,001) while in G2 there were no changes. Intra-session  glycemia diminished considerably in both groups. The muscle strength program induced a greater increase  in muscle strength and decreased the Systolic Blood Pressure more than the aerobic training.&nbsp

Comparación de la carga interna entre partidos amistosos y un juego condicionado en jugadores profesionales de fútbol

The aim of the present study was to compare internal load between friendly matches (FM) and a small-sided game (SSG) with a tactical component (STG: 6 vs. 6 + 2 neutral players) in professional football players. Ten players were assessed by Heart Rate (HR) monitors in 5 FM and 3 sessions of a SSG. The relative internal training load (ITLR) was quantified in accordance with the proposal of Stagno (TRIMP modified/minute). The results showed that the ITLR obtained in FM was substantially greater than in the STG (3.75 ± 0.45 vs. 3.44 ± 0.61 TRIMPMOD/min, respectively). The inter-subject variability in physiological response was similar in both situations (CV: 12.35 ± 4.62% vs. 11.13 ± 2.56%, respectively). Moreover, significant large relationships were found between TRIMPMOD/min obtained in the STG sessions and the values recorded in FM (CC: 0.61 [0.09 a 0.87] and CCI: 0.62 [0.15 a 0.86]). The STG would not appear to be an appropriate training stimulus to provide the players with similar physiological demands to those required in the most intense phases of the competition. The high physiological variability suggests advising against use of the STG to provide the players with a sufficiently unified ITL, to ensure most of them receive an appropriate training stimulusEl objetivo de la investigación fue comparar la carga interna demandada entre partidos amistosos (PA) y una situación de juego reducida con orientaciones tácticas (JR: 6 vs. 6 + 2 neutrales) en jugadores profesionales de fútbol. Diez futbolistas fueron monitorizados mediante pulsómetros en 5 PA y 3 sesiones de JR, en las que se cuantificó la carga interna relativa (CIR) según la propuesta de Stagno (TRIMP modificados/minuto). Los resultados reflejaron que la CIR soportada en los PA fue sustancialmente mayor a la CIR del JR (3.75 ± 0.45 vs. 3.44 ± 0.61 TRIMPMOD/min, respectivamente), con una variabilidad inter-sujeto en la respuesta fisiológica similar, en ambas situaciones (CV: 12.35 ± 4.62% vs. 11.13 ± 2.56%, respectivamente). Además, existieron grandes y significativas relaciones entre los TRIMPMOD/min obtenidos en las sesiones de JR y los registrados durante el transcurso de los PA (CC: 0.61 [0.09 a 0.87] y CCI: 0.62 [0.15 a 0.86]). No parece por tanto el JR un estímulo de entrenamiento apropiado para proporcionar a los jugadores unas demandas fisiológicas similares, a las exigidas en las fases más intensas de la competición. Además, la elevada variabilidad en la respuesta fisiológica podría desaconsejar su uso para proporcionar a los jugadores una CI suficientemente unificada, que asegure a la mayoría de jugadores recibir un estímulo de entrenamiento apropiado y similarActividad Física y Deport

Medium-sided games in soccer: Physical and heart rate demands throughout successive working periods

This research compared the physical and heart rate demands of three medium-sided games with the same number of players per team (six) but different playing areas throughout four successive working periods. The two games played in relatively larger areas (large and medium) were performed with regular goals and goalkeepers, so the most reduced game (short) was performed without goals. Nine professional soccer players participated in this study. Meaningful differences were found (p<0.05) on the physical demands in the three proposals, with higher values for the games performed on larger areas: maximum speed: 22.8±2.4, 19.8±2.3, and 17.6±1.8 Km/h; and distance covered/min: 120.5±13.4, 103.4±11.2, and 93.8±11.6 m/min in large, medium and short game respectively. There were no differences on the heart rate responses among them. When the physical demands were analysed during the four working periods, the differences could only be seen in large game (p<0.05). The first periods in this proposal showed higher values in distance covered/min, maximum speed, and distance/h in the speed zones 7.0-12.9, 13.0-17.9, and 18.0-20.9 Km/h, and lower values in the zones 0-6.9 Km/h, demonstrating, throughout the periods, the tendency to reduce the distance at high speed and to increase the distance at lower speed. These changes in the activity patterns, related to the period of exercising, could depend on the dimensions of the playing field, thus showing a possible effect of fatigue only in those games played in relative higher areas

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis