Increased Th17-Related Cytokine Serum Levels in Patients With Multiple Polyps of Unexplained Origin

OBJECTIVES: Most patients with multiple colonic polyps do not have a known genetic or hereditary origin. Our aim was to analyze the presence of inflammatory cytokines and levels of glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with multiple colonic polyps. METHODS: Eighty-three patients with 10 or more adenomatous or serrated polyps and 53 control people with normal colonoscopy were included. Smoking habits were registered, and glucose, CRP, and basal insulin in the serum/blood were measured. Quantification of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, IL-17A, and IL-23 cytokine levels in the serum was performed by a high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Smoking and diabetes were more prevalent in those with colonic polyps than in the control people (67% vs 16%, P = 0.001; 11% vs 2%, P = 0.048). In addition, the cytokine serum levels were higher, i.e., IL-2 (P = 0.001), IL-4 (P = 0.001), IL-6 (P = 0.001), IL-17A (P = 0.001), IL-23 (P = 0.014), and CRP (P = 0.003). Adjusting for sex, smoking, and diabetes in a multivariate analysis, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-23 remained independently elevated in cases with multiple polyps. DISCUSSION: These results indicate that immune responses mediated by Th17 cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple colonic polyps

The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III

The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) took data from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, the original and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, a new near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel optical interferometer. All of the data from SDSS-III are now made public. In particular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including all data acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding data acquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous data releases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to our previous public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra of galaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) over an additional 3000 deg2 of sky, more than triples the number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includes repeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from the Multi-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS). The APOGEE outputs now include the measured abundances of 15 different elements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 5200 deg2 of ugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the Sloan Exploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey; 2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and 247,216 stars over 9376 deg2; 618,080 APOGEE spectra of 156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5513 stars. Since its first light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere in five bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra. \ua9 2015. The American Astronomical Society

Identificaci?n de productos de AUM en la regi?n II, El Salvador. Informe interno

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Several Ways to Solve the Jaynes-Cummings Model

We go through the several ways that the Jaynes-Cummings model, a cornerstone in the study of light-matter interactions, may be solved. We emphasize two not well known methods (one based on the London phase operator and the other one on the direct diagonalization of the Hamiltonian) considering that they may be of help for solving other systems like the interaction of light with a moving mirror, ion-laser interactions, etc

NIVELES DE AFLATOXINA M1 EN LECHE CRUDA Y PASTEURIZADA COMERCIALIZADA EN LA ZONA METROPOLITANA DE GUADALAJARA, M�XICO

Entre los indicadores de calidad higi�nico sanitaria de la leche en M�xico, se encuentra el nivel de contaminaci�n con aflatoxina M1 (AFM1), proveniente de animales que han consumido alimento contaminado con aflatoxina B1 (AFB1). Los tratamientos t�rmicos como la pasteurizaci�n, generalmente no disminuyen la concentraci�n de AFM1, por lo que en el presente trabajo se estudi� la presencia de AFM1 en leche cruda de vaca de 10 centros de acopio (n=50) y 7 marcas de leche pasteurizada (n=84) comercializadas en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco, M�xico. La determinaci�n de AFM1 se realiz� mediante un juego de reactivos tipo ELISA competitivo- directo (Agraquant� Aflatoxina M1, Romer Labs). El an�lisis estad�stico se llev� a cabo mediante una prueba de ANOVA de una sola v�a con el programa Sigma Stat 3.0. Se detect� AFM1 en el 100% de las muestras estudiadas, con niveles en el rango de < 0.005 a 0.100 �g/L y de < 0.005 a 0.637 �g/L en leche cruda y pasteurizada respectivamente. El 18.6 % (25/134) de las muestras superaron el LMR establecido por la Uni�n Europea (0.05 �g/kg), present�ndose porcentajes en leches cruda y pasteurizada de 0.7% (1/134) y 17.9% (24/134) respectivamente, pero s�lo el 0.7 % (1/134) excedi� el l�mite de AFM1 establecido para M�xico en la NOM-243-SSA1-2010, que es de 0.5 �g/kg. Se observaron diferencias estad�sticamente significativas (p<0.05) entre los meses analizados, con los niveles mayores en el mes de diciembre, pero no se encontraron diferencias entre centros de acopio (leche cruda) y tampoco entre marcas de leche pasteurizada